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1、word 《新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)》語(yǔ)法總結(jié) 一、冠詞The Article 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)： 冠詞是一種虛詞，放在名詞的前面，幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞分不定冠詞〔The Indefinite Article〕和定冠詞〔The definite Article〕兩種。a (an) 是不定冠詞，a用在輔音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠詞。 一、不定冠詞的用法 1、指人或事物的某一種類(lèi)〔泛指〕。這是不定冠詞a (an)的根本用法。如：She is a girl. I a

2、m a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。 3、表示數(shù)量，有“一〞的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one強(qiáng)烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定詞組中。如：a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a

3、 pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名詞前，表具體的介紹——a + 抽象名詞，起具體化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 這女孩對(duì)她父母來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)樂(lè)趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交談?wù)媸且患淇斓氖虑椤? It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 參加這個(gè)會(huì)，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一種榮譽(yù)。 二、定冠詞的用法： 1、特指某〔

4、些〕人或某〔些〕事物。這是定冠詞the的根本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指談話雙方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提過(guò)的人或事物〔第二次出現(xiàn)〕。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在

5、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前。如：the earth, the moon, the sun. 5、用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前?！哺痹~最高級(jí)前的定冠詞可省略〕如： He is always the first to e to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些專(zhuān)有名詞前〔由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)用名詞〕。如：the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。如：on the day, i

6、n the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8、用在江河湖海、山脈前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在報(bào)刊、雜志前。如：the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士報(bào)。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠詞。如： The Browns are at ho

7、me to receive visitors today. 布朗一家今天要接待客人。 11、用在形容詞前，表某一類(lèi)人。如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick等。 12、定冠詞可以表示一事物內(nèi)部的某處。如： The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). 三、零冠詞〔即不用冠詞〕： 1、專(zhuān)用名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。如：China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper,

8、science等。2、名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代詞。如： Go down this street. 3、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)。如： We are students. I like reading stories. 4、節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。如：Teachers’ Day, Children’s Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。 、在稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜的名詞前，尤其作表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)時(shí)。如：What’s the matter, Granny? We electe

9、d him monitor. 6、在某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中的名詞前。如：at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。7、在三餐飯和球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)前。如： She goes to school after breakfast every morning. We are go

10、ing to play football. We usually have lunch at school. 8、科目前不加。如： We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】： 1、 We can’t live withoutair. A．a(chǎn)nB．×C．theD．some 2、——Have you seenpen? I left it here this morning. ——Is itblack one? I think I saw it somewhere. A．a(chǎn); theB．the;

11、 theC．the; aD．a(chǎn); a 3、I’ve been waiting for him forhour andhalf. A．×; ×B．the; aC．a(chǎn); theD．a(chǎn)n; a 4、Whatfine weather we have today! A．a(chǎn)B．×C．someD．a(chǎn)n 5、Have you ever seenas tall as this one? A．a(chǎn) treeB．such treeC．a(chǎn)n treeD．tree 6、Children usually go toschool atage of six. A．×; theB．a(chǎn); anC．the; ×D．t

12、he; the 7、Himalayas ishighest mountain inworld. A．×; the;×B．The; the; theC．A; a; aD．×;×;× 8、They each have__book. Li Hua’s is aboutwriter. Wang Lin’s is on science. A．a(chǎn); a; ×B．the; ×; theC．×; the; ×D．a(chǎn); the; a 9、Physics isscience of matter and energy. A．The; ×B．×; ×C．×; theD．A; a 10、sun rises

13、 ineast and sets inwest. A．A; an; aB．The;×;×C．The; the; theD．A; the; a 11、Many people agree that__knowledge of English is a must ininternational trade today. A．a(chǎn);×B．the; anC．the; theD．×; the 12、__Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad ．×;aB．A;×C．The; t

14、heD．A; a 13、They were atdinner then. It wasdelicous one. A．a(chǎn); theB．×;×C．×;aD．a(chǎn); a 14、what kind of car do you want to buy? A．×B．theC．a(chǎn)D．a(chǎn)n 15、Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic. A．×; theB．×;×C．the; ×D．the; the 16、Beyondstars, the astronaut saw nothing

15、butspace. A．the; ×B．×; theC．×;×D．the; the 17、Alexander Graham Bell inventedtelephone in 1876. A．×B．a(chǎn)C．theD．one 18、——Where’s Jack? ——I think he’s still inbed, but he might just be inbathroom. A．×;×B．the; theC．the; ×D．×; the 19、Many people are still inhabit of writing silly things inpublic plac

16、es. A．the; theB．×;×C．the; ×D．×; the 20、——I’d likeinformation about the management of your hotel, please. ——Well, you could haveword with the manager. He might be helpful. A．some; aB．a(chǎn)n; someC．some; someD．a(chǎn)n; a 【答案】：1、B air是不可數(shù)名詞。 2、D 此題為97年高考題。根據(jù)句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出現(xiàn)；第二空仍是泛指，且表數(shù)量“－〞。 3、D 元音前用an。

17、 4、B weather是不可數(shù)名詞。 5、A 此題為85年高考題。泛指。 6、A go to school是固定短語(yǔ)。 7、B 山脈、形容詞最高級(jí)與世界上的唯一的名詞前加定冠詞。 8、A 第一、二空泛指，第三空，science是不可數(shù)名詞。 9、C 第一空，科目前不加冠詞；第二空特指，有定語(yǔ)。 10、C 11、A 第一空，a + 不可數(shù)名詞表具體的介紹；第二空，trade不可數(shù)。 12、D 第一空是指有一位瓊斯先生在您不在的時(shí)候來(lái)訪?！怖ㄌ?hào)里說(shuō)明，我們倆都不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)人，因此不是特指。〕第二空是固定短語(yǔ)，情緒不好。 13、C 第一空at dinner正在吃

18、飯，固定短語(yǔ)。 14、A 泛指15、C 此題是89年高考題：樂(lè)器前加定冠詞；music是不可數(shù)名詞。 16、A 此題是90年高考題：stars前應(yīng)加定冠詞；space不可數(shù)。 17、C 此題是91年高考題：發(fā)明應(yīng)是特指。 18、D 此題是92年高考題。in bed是固定短語(yǔ)，不加冠詞。 19、C 此題是93年高考題。第一空后有定語(yǔ)，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共場(chǎng)所，泛指。 20、A 此題是95年高考題。information是不可數(shù)名詞；have a word with sb.是固定短語(yǔ)。 二、名詞Nouns 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)： 一、名詞的種類(lèi)：

19、 1、專(zhuān)有名詞： 1〕China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack〔不加冠詞〕 2〕the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等?！灿善胀~構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞，要加定冠詞?！? 2、普通名詞1〕不可數(shù)名詞 注意：?不可數(shù)名詞前一般不加冠詞，尤不加不定冠詞：假設(shè)加a(an)如此使之具體化了。 如：have a wonderful time. ?不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。 ?不可數(shù)名詞一般無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。局部物質(zhì)

20、名詞在表不同類(lèi)別時(shí)，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows…… | | |各種各樣的魚(yú)各種報(bào)紙河湖、海水積雪 ?有些抽象名詞也常用復(fù)數(shù)，變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)的具體的事物。如：times時(shí)代，works著作，difficulties困難 ?在表數(shù)量時(shí)，常用“of〞詞組來(lái)表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper…. 2〕可數(shù)名詞：?可數(shù)名詞除用復(fù)數(shù)形式表一類(lèi)之外，一般都要加冠詞：A birdcaufly. The frog is a kind of hibernat

21、ing animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. ?有復(fù)數(shù)形式： a〕規(guī)如此變化——加“s〞或“es〞〔與初中同，略〕b〕不規(guī)如此變化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena)… 注意：c〕單、復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japan

22、ese, fish〔同一種魚(yú)〕……。如，a sheep, two sheep d〕只用復(fù)數(shù)形式：?thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…e〕形復(fù)實(shí)單：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics〔塑料〕，means. f〕形單實(shí)復(fù)：people (人民，人們)，the police, cattle等 g〕集合名詞如：family, public, group, class等。當(dāng)作為整體時(shí)，為單數(shù)；當(dāng)作為整體中的各個(gè)成員時(shí)，為復(fù)數(shù)。如： My family is a big one.

23、 My family are music lovers. h〕復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，(a)只把復(fù)合名詞中的主體各詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)繼子；editor (s) -in-chief總編輯。(b)如沒(méi)有主體名詞如此在最后一個(gè)詞的后面加“s〞。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中間人 (c〕woman, man作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要與被修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如：a man servant—men servants, a woman doctor—women doctors 二、名詞的所有格：1、表有生命的東西〔人或動(dòng)

24、物〕的名詞所有格，一般在名詞后加“’s〞。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights… 注意：1〕名詞復(fù)數(shù)的詞尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在詞后加“s〞。如：Teachers’ Day, the workers’ rest-home〔工人療養(yǎng)院〕，the students’ reading-room 2〕復(fù)合名詞的所有格，在后面的詞后加“’s〞。如：her son-in-law’s photo〔她女婿的照片〕；anybody else’s book〔其他任何人的書(shū)〕 3〕如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人或兩人以上共有

25、，如此在最后的一個(gè)名詞后面加“’s〞；如果不是共有，如此每個(gè)詞后都要加“’s〞。如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海倫的房間〔共有〕. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比爾的收音機(jī)和湯姆的收音機(jī)〔不共有〕 4〕表地點(diǎn)〔店鋪，某人的家等〕的名詞所有格后面，一般省去它所修飾的名詞。如：the tailor’s (裁縫鋪) the doctor’s (診所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家) 5〕有些表時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)的無(wú)生命的名詞，也可加“’s〞表所有格。 如：half an hour’s walk (半小時(shí)的路程) China’

26、s agriculture (中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)) 2、表示無(wú)生命的東西的名詞一般與of構(gòu)成詞組，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book3、表示有生命的東西的名詞也可以用of，特別是名詞較長(zhǎng)，有較多的定語(yǔ)時(shí)。如： the story of Dr Norman Bethune Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?4、“of詞組+所有格〞的用法： 在表示所屬物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞〔如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等〕時(shí)，常用“o

27、f詞組+所有格〞的形式來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。如： a friend of my father’s 我父親的一位朋友。some inventions of Edison’s 愛(ài)迪生的一些發(fā)明 those exercise-books of the students’ 學(xué)生們的那些練習(xí)本。 【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】： 1、There are only twelvein the hospital. A．woman doctorsB．women doctors C．women doctorD．woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two, both of whom are teacher

28、s in a school. A．brothers-in-lawB．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-lawsD．brothers-in law 3、——How manydoes a cow have? ——Four. A．stomachesB．stomachC．stomachsD．stomachies 4、Somevisited our school last Wednesday. A．GermanB．GermenC．GermansD．Germens 5、Theof the building are covered with lots of. A．

29、roofs; leavesB．rooves; leafsC．roof; leafD．roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found threemissing. A．sheepsB．sheepesC．sheepD．sheepies 7、That was a fiftyengine. A．horse powerB．horses power C．horse powersD．horses powers 8、My father often gives me. A．many adviceB．much adviceC．a(chǎn) lot of

30、 advicesD．a(chǎn) few advice 9、Mary broke awhile she was washing up. A．tea cupB．a(chǎn) cup of teaC．tea’s cupD．cup tea 10、Can you give us someabout the writer? A．informationsB．information C．piece of informationsD．pieces information 11、I had a cup ofand two pieces ofthis morning. A．teas; breadB．teas; brea

31、ds C．tea; breadsD．tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than. A．lights; soundsB．light; sound C．sound; lightD．sounds; lights 13、She told him of all herand . A．hope; fearB．hopes; fear C．hopes; fearsD．hope; fears 14、The risingdid a lot ofto the crops. A．water; harmB．water; h

32、arms C．waters; harmD．waters; harms 15、——How far away is it from here to your school? ——It’s about. A．half an hour’s driveB．half hours drives C．half an hour drivesD．half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s. A．Mrs SmithB．Mrs’ Smith C．Mrs Smiths’D．Mrs Smith’s 17、Miss Johnson is a frien

33、d of. A．Mary’s motherB．Mary’s mothers’ C．Mary mother’sD．Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my. A．a(chǎn)untB．a(chǎn)untsC．a(chǎn)unt’sD．a(chǎn)untes’ 19、The beach is athrow. A．stoneB．stonesC．stones’D．stone’s 20、I can hardly imaginesailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A．Peter’B．PeterC．PetersD．Peters

34、’ 【答案】： 1、B2、A 3、C stomach〔胃〕雖是“ch〞結(jié)尾，但其發(fā)音為[k]，所以加“s〞，不用加“es〞。 4、C5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，直接加“s〞。 6、C7、A 名詞作定語(yǔ)一般不用復(fù)數(shù)。 8、B 9、A 根據(jù)句意，打破的應(yīng)是杯子，而不是茶；名詞作定語(yǔ)表類(lèi)別不用加“’s〞。 10、B11、D12、B13、C14、C15、A 16、D 根據(jù)上句，此處應(yīng)是史密斯太太的襯衫。 17、D18、C19、D a stone’s throw是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“近在咫尺〞。 20、B 此句中Peter作動(dòng)

35、名詞sailing的所有格，本應(yīng)用Peter’s，但因其在動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)，所以可用賓格，因此B為正確答案。 三、主謂一致Agreement 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)： 在英語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。如何判定，如此要看句子的意思。多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)句子的主語(yǔ)形式就能判定，但有的如此要看整句的意思，與強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。下面我們就常用的、易混的幾種情況作一下解釋。 1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： 1〕The book is on the table. 2〕〕To work hard is necessary.〔It is necess

36、ary to work hard.〕 4〕How you get there is a problem. 2、復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)跟復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：、在倒裝句中，動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和它后面的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)一致。如以here,there開(kāi)頭，be 動(dòng)詞與后面第一個(gè)名詞一致。如： 1〕There is a dog near the door. 2〕〕Here es the bus. 4〕On the wall were two famous paintings. 5〕Here is Mr Brown and his children. 4、and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如果主語(yǔ)后跟有wi

37、th, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍與短語(yǔ)前的主語(yǔ)的形式保持一致。如： 1〕Jane, Mary and I are good friends. 2〕He and my father work in the same factory. 3〕His sister, no less than you, is wrong. 4〕The father, rather than the broth

38、ers, is responsible for the accident. 5〕He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent. 6〕Every picture except these two has been sold. 7〕Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays. 8〕Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert. 9〕Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom

39、 at that time. 5、并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。如： 1〕The writer and worker is ing to our school tomorrow.這位工人作家明天要來(lái)我們學(xué)校。 2〕Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黃油是他們每日的食品。 3〕The writer and the worker are ing to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天將來(lái)我們學(xué)校。 6、and連接的并列單數(shù)名詞前如有each, eve

40、ry, no, many a修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如： 1〕Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀請(qǐng)參加這次聚會(huì)。 2〕No teacher and no student is absent today.今天沒(méi)有教師和學(xué)生缺席。 3〕Many a student is busy with their lessons.許許多多的學(xué)生都忙著復(fù)習(xí)他們的功課。 7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：1〕Each take

41、s a cup of tea. 2〕Either is correct. 3〕Neither of them likes this picture. 8、由every, some, any, no構(gòu)成的合成代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： 1〕Is everyone here? 2〕Nothing is to be done. 沒(méi)有什么要干的事兒了。 9、關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如： 1〕Those who want to go please sign their names here. 2〕A

42、nyone who is against this opinion may speak out. 3〕He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting. 10、表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。如： 1〕Three years is not a long time. 2〕〕Five hundred miles is a long distance. 11、復(fù)數(shù)形式的專(zhuān)有名詞作為整體看待〔如人名、地點(diǎn)、國(guó)家、組織、書(shū)籍、報(bào)刊等〕，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： 1〕The

43、United States is in North America. 2〕The United Nations has passed a resolution(決議)。 3〕“The Arabian Nights〞〔《天方夜譚》〕is an interesting book. 12、有些集體名詞如family, team, group, class, audience〔聽(tīng)眾，觀眾〕，government等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如此用單數(shù)形式；如強(qiáng)調(diào)各個(gè)成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： 1〕My family is going to have a long journey

44、.我家要進(jìn)展一次長(zhǎng)途旅行。 2〕My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜歡音樂(lè)。 3〕The class has won the honour. 這班獲得了榮譽(yù)。 4〕The class were jumping for joy. 全班同學(xué)都高興得跳了起來(lái)。 13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，也可表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如： 1〕All of the apple is rotten. 整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。 2〕All of the apples

45、 are rotten. 所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。 3〕Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。 14、the + 形容詞〔或分詞〕作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常指一類(lèi)人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如指的是抽象概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如此用單數(shù)形式。如： 1〕The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的。 2〕The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 現(xiàn)在傷病員們?cè)谶@里受到了很好照顧。 15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, wheth

46、er…or, not only…but (also)連接的是主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。如： 1〕Either you or I am going to the movies. 2〕Not only you but also he is wrong. 16、不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： 1〕Water is a kind of matter. 2〕The news at six o’clock is true. 17、集合名詞如：people, police ,cattle等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：1〕The police are sear

47、ching for him. 2〕The cattle are grassing (吃草)。 18、population當(dāng)人口講時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)人們講時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如： 1〕The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 2〕One third of the population here are workers. 19、the number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，是表示“…的數(shù)字〞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；a (large / great) number of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示許多，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

48、用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 1〕The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year. 2〕A number of students have gone for an outing. 20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】 1、Nothing but carsin the shop. A．is soldB．a(chǎn)re soldC．were soldD．a(chǎn)re going to sell 2、No one except Jack a

49、nd Tomthe answer. A．knowB．knowsC．is knowingD．a(chǎn)re known 3、Seventy percent of the students in our schoolfrom the countryside. A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．esD．a(chǎn)re ing 4、of the moneyused up. A．Three-five, areB．Three-fifths, have been C．Three-fifths, has beenD．Third-fifths, is 5、The number of the people whocarsinc

50、reasing. A．owns, areB．owns, isC．own, isD．own, are 6、One of Marx’s workswritten in English in the 1860s. A．wasB．wereC．would beD．a(chǎn)re 7、The sheets for your bedwashing. A．needsB．a(chǎn)re needingC．wantD．a(chǎn)re wanting 8、On each side of the streeta lot of trees. A．standsB．growC．is standingD．a(chǎn)re grown 9、So

51、me personcalling for you at the gate. A．a(chǎn)re B．isC．is beingD．will be 10、All that can be eateneaten up. A．a(chǎn)re beingB．has beenC．had beenD．have been 11、Tom’s teacher and friendMr. Smith. A．a(chǎn)reB．isC．a(chǎn)re beingD．has 12、Your new clothes fit you, but mineme. A．doesn’t fitB．don’t fitC．doesn’t fit forD．

52、don’t fit for 13、Neither he nor Ifor the plan. A．a(chǎn)mB．a(chǎn)reC．isD．were 14、Many a studentthat mistake before. A．has madeB．have madeC．has been madeD．had made 15、Peter, perhaps John,playing with the little dog. A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wereD．seems 16、Laying eggsthe ant queen’s full-time job. A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．hasD．have

53、 17、Between the two buildingsa monument. A．standB．standsC．standingD．is standing 18、I, whoyour good friend, will share your joys and sorrow. A．a(chǎn)mB．isC．a(chǎn)reD．was 19、The United Nationsin 1945. A．were foundB．were foundedC．was foundedD．was found 20、were also invited to the party. A．Mr SmithB．The S

54、mithC．The SmithsD．Smiths 21、The glass worksin 1959. A．were set upB．was set upC．were put upD．were built 22、Three hours with your girl friendto be a short time. A．seemB．seemsC．is seemingD．has seemed 23、It was reported that sixincluding a boy. A．was killedB．were killedC．was killingD．had killed 2

55、4、The policea prisoner. A．is searching forB．a(chǎn)re searching forC．is searchingD．a(chǎn)re searched for 25、Deerfaster than dogs. A．runB．runsC．a(chǎn)re runningD．will run 26、The woundedgood care of here now. A．is takenB．a(chǎn)re being takenC．a(chǎn)re takingD．is taking 27、The whole classgreatly moved at his words. A．was

56、B．wereC．hadD．is 28、Over 80 percent of the population of Chinapeasants. A．wasB．isC．a(chǎn)reD．will be 29、Therea knife and fork on the table. A．seems to beB．seem to beC．is seeming to beD．a(chǎn)re 30、Those whosinging may join us. A．a(chǎn)re likingB．likesC．enjoyD．is fond of 31、His familymusic lovers. A．a(chǎn)ll areB

57、．a(chǎn)re allC．isD．a(chǎn)re being 32、A professor and a writerpresent at the meeting. A．wasB．isC．wereD．had been 33、The pair of shoesworn out. A．wasB．wereC．have beenD．had been 34、The students in our school eachan English dictionary. A．haveB．hasC．hadD．a(chǎn)re having 35、More than one answerto the question. A．

58、have been givenB．has been givenC．were givenD．had given 36、．a(chǎn)reB．isC．wereD．was 37、Our familya happy one. A．isB．a(chǎn)reC．wasD．were 38、Most of the mistakesbecause of carelessness. A．were madeB．a(chǎn)re madeC．has been madeD．were making 39、Most of his timein reading novels. A．a(chǎn)re spentB．is spentC．were spen

59、tD．was spending 40、The rest of the novelvery interesting. A．wereB．a(chǎn)reC．isD．seem 41、I know that allgetting on well with her. A．wasB．isC．a(chǎn)reD．were 42、When and where this took placestill unknown. A．a(chǎn)reB．wereC．isD．has 43、Not only the workers but also the machinenot there. A．a(chǎn)reB．wereC．isD．has 4

60、4、Very fewhis address in the town. A．knowsB．knowC．a(chǎn)re knowingD．has known 45、Ten thousand dollarsa large sum of money. A．a(chǎn)reB．isC．wereD．seem 46、Twenty milesa long way to cover. A．wereB．a(chǎn)reC．isD．seem to be 47、Nine plus threetwelve. A．makesB．makeC．is makingD．a(chǎn)re making 48、There are two roads an

61、d eitherto the station. A．leadsB．leadC．a(chǎn)re leadingD．is leading 49、My father, together with some of his old friends,there already. A．have beenB．has beenC．had beenD．will be 50、My family as well as Iglad to see you. A．a(chǎn)mB．a(chǎn)reC．isD．was 【答案】： 1、A 因有連詞but，所以謂語(yǔ)形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。見(jiàn)講解4。 2、B 同上3、B

62、 見(jiàn)講解2。4、C 見(jiàn)講解16。 5、C 定語(yǔ)從句看被修飾的先行詞：the number of作主語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。見(jiàn)講解9，19。 6、A 見(jiàn)講解1。7、C 見(jiàn)講解2。8、B 倒裝句，要看后面的主語(yǔ)。見(jiàn)講解3。 9、B some person指“某人〞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。見(jiàn)講解13。 10、B 主語(yǔ)“all〞指的是“food〞，所以代不可數(shù)名詞，是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)。見(jiàn)講解13。 11、B Tom’s teacher and friend，因friend前沒(méi)有冠詞，所以實(shí)際指的是同一個(gè)人。見(jiàn)講解5。 12、B 根據(jù)前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new cl

63、othes〞，因此主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)。 13、A neither…nor…連接主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞與后面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。見(jiàn)講解15。 14、A 見(jiàn)講解6。15、A 見(jiàn)講解4。16、A 見(jiàn)講解1，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。17、B 倒裝，見(jiàn)講解3。18、A 見(jiàn)講解9。19、C 見(jiàn)講解11。 20、C 因謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，所主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是復(fù)，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。 21、B works在此句中是指工廠，所以是單數(shù)。22、B 見(jiàn)講解10。 23、B six在這兒指的是人，因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。24、B 見(jiàn)講解17。 25、A deer, sheep是單、復(fù)數(shù)同形，根據(jù)后面的dogs，前面的

64、deer應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)〔單數(shù)前應(yīng)有a〕。26、B 見(jiàn)講解14。27、B 見(jiàn)講解12，因人才能受感動(dòng)，所以the whole class是指全班的成員。28、C 見(jiàn)講解18。29、A 見(jiàn)講解5。刀、叉是一副而論，所以看作單數(shù)。30、C 見(jiàn)講解9。31、B 見(jiàn)講解12。32、C 見(jiàn)講解4，注意與第11題比擬。 33、A 因此句主語(yǔ)是pair，所以用單數(shù)。 34、A 因此句主語(yǔ)是the students，所以用復(fù)數(shù)。如果each作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如此用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictio

65、nary. 35、B 此句中的主語(yǔ)是one answer，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與它保持一致。 36、B 根據(jù)句意，這個(gè)男孩是學(xué)校中唯一來(lái)自農(nóng)村的學(xué)生，自然后面的定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，又因主從句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，故B是唯一正確答案。 37、A 見(jiàn)講解12。38、A 見(jiàn)講解2。39、B 見(jiàn)講解16。 40、C 這部小說(shuō)的剩余局部，還沒(méi)超出“一〞，用單數(shù)。 41、C 見(jiàn)講解13，不定代詞all在此句中代“與她相處的人〞，所以是復(fù)數(shù)。 42、C 見(jiàn)講解1，when and where this took place是一個(gè)從句。 43、C 見(jiàn)講解15。44、

66、B few在此代人，是復(fù)數(shù)。45、B 見(jiàn)講解10。 46、C 同上。47、A 同上。48、A 見(jiàn)講解7。49、B 見(jiàn)講解4。50、B 同上。 四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣分三種情況來(lái)掌握： 1、虛擬條件句。 2、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣。3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用語(yǔ)。 一、虛擬條件句： 條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為： If 主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)＋should〔could, would, 或might〕＋動(dòng)詞原形，如：If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now. 2、條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致，句型為： If 主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)＋should〔could, would, 或might〕＋have＋過(guò)去分詞，如： If the doctor had e last night, the boy would have saved. If I had not studied hard, I would ha