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1、第30課 主謂一致 課堂突破 概念 在英語(yǔ)中，句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致關(guān)系，叫主謂一致。 使 用 原 則 語(yǔ)法一致原則 句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①Australia is an extremely rich country. 澳大利亞是個(gè)非常富裕的國(guó)家。 ②All the students except Lin Tao are planting trees on the hills. 除了林濤以外所有的學(xué)生都在小山上植樹(shù)。 意義一致原則 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容在含義

2、上是單數(shù)意義還是復(fù)數(shù)意義。如：The Chinese are industrious. 中國(guó)人是勤勞的。 鄰近原則 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最鄰近它的名詞、代詞或其他詞的數(shù)。另外，neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，或由there, here引導(dǎo)的句子，并且主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與鄰近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。如： There is a dictionary and some books on the desk. 桌子上有一本詞典和一些書(shū)。 特 殊 的 情 況 1

3、. 表示時(shí)間、重量、數(shù)目、價(jià)格、長(zhǎng)度、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管它們是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但如果把這些復(fù)數(shù)形式的詞或詞組看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。如： Three weeks is a short time. 三個(gè)星期是很短的一段時(shí)間。 2. 動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：To see is to believe. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 3. 由and連接兩個(gè)單詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，要看其表示的意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如果表示的是一個(gè)整體的概念或指的是同一事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示的是兩個(gè)不同的對(duì)象時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①Th

4、e writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和教師走來(lái)了。（作家和教師是兩個(gè)人） ②The poet and teacher is one of my friends. 那位詩(shī)人兼教師是我的一位朋友。（詩(shī)人和教師指的是同一個(gè)人） 4. 集合（體）名詞people, police一般看作復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外一些集合（體）名詞，如family, enemy, class, army等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式，要根據(jù)這些詞在句中的實(shí)際含義而定。當(dāng)它們表示的是整體意義時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)或著重指?jìng)€(gè)體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用

5、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎？ ②My family is big. 我家很大。 ③My family are all at home. 我家人都在家。 5. 名詞性物主代詞mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于該動(dòng)詞后面名詞的數(shù)，動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；動(dòng)詞后面的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①His is a new bike. 他的是新自行車。 ②Ours are old bikes. 我們的是舊自行車。

6、 6. many a意為“許多”，但因其后面跟的是單數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Many a person has had that kind of experience. 許多人都有過(guò)那種經(jīng)歷。 7. none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。如： ①None knows/know a great deal about this experiment. 沒(méi)有一個(gè)人對(duì)這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)知道得很多。 ②None has/have been found. 一個(gè)也沒(méi)找到。 8. 注意population一類詞：用作整體概念時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)指“（人口）中的一部分”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形

7、式。如：The population of China is 1.36 billion and 70% of the population are peasants. 中國(guó)有13.6億人口，其中70%的人口是農(nóng)民。 9. ...percent of+不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；...percent of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： ①50 percent of the water is not very fresh. 50%的水是不新鮮的。 ②50 percent of the students come from Shanghai. 50%的學(xué)生來(lái)自上海。

8、 10. every+單數(shù)名詞+and+every+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl wants to go there. 每個(gè)男孩、女孩都想去那兒。 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) 一、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. （2018·嘉興、舟山中考）We only talk to each other when the waiter__________ （show） us the menu. 2. Nobody but two boys__________ （be） late for class yesterday. 3. Either Eve or

9、Herb__________ （have） been invited by Lucy’s parents already. 4. —What__________ （be） the number of the students in your school? —About two thousand. A number of them__________ （be） from England. 5. Everyone except Tom and John__________ （have） seen the film. 6. Swimming in the pool with friends

10、__________ （be） very interesting. 二、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。（2018·寧海中考模擬） seem next produce wide leaf Judy: China is famous for tea, right? Lin Tao: Yes, both in the past and now. Judy: Where is tea 1__________ in China? Lin Tao: In many different areas. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are

11、2__________ known for their tea. Judy: Well, can you tell me how to produce tea? Lin Tao: Sure. As far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the 3__________ are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for producing. Judy: What happens 4__________? Lin Tao: The

12、tea is packed and sent to many different coun-tries and places around China. Judy: It 5__________ that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea. Lin Tao: Yes, people say that tea is good for both health and business! 三、任務(wù)型閱讀。（2017·海寧中考模擬） 下面是一名導(dǎo)游的導(dǎo)游詞。請(qǐng)根據(jù)所給的簡(jiǎn)單平面圖，將這段導(dǎo)游詞補(bǔ)充完整。 Welcome to

13、 our travel bus. I’m glad to be your guide. Now let’s begin our trip. Our bus starts at the bus station. Next to the station is a 1__________. If you are in need, ask the police there for help. Our bus is running on 2__________. Now turn your head to right. Can you see a big white house? It’s the Hi

14、story Museum. And 3__________ the museum is a small pool. Many people like swimming there. Now our bus is turning 4__________ to Green Street. There is a big maple tree on the left. It’s very old. OK, please turn your head to the right. It’s the 5__________. Across the theater is the square. Our bus

15、 will stop here for twenty minutes and there is a restroom for us to relax in. Now, please get off the bus. 參考答案 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) 一、1. shows 2. was 3. has 4. is, are 5. has 6. is 【解析】“swimming in the pool with friends”是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 二、1. produced 2. widely 3. leaves 4. next 5. seems 三、1. police station 2. King Road 3. behind 4. left 5. People’s Theater 5