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1、Module 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits 單元話題·語篇訓(xùn)練 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A TECFIDERA What is TECFIDERA? ?TECFIDERA is a prescription (處方) medicine used to treat people with multiple sclerosis, a serious illness that gradually destroys your nerves, making you weak and unable to walk. ?It is not known if TECFID

2、ERA is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age. ?Before taking and while you take TECFIDERA, tell your doctor if you have or have had low white blood cell counts or any other medical conditions. Tell your doctor if you are： ?pregnant or planning to become pregnant.It is not known if

3、TECFIDERA will harm your unborn baby.If you become pregnant while taking TECFIDERA, talk to your doctor about joining in the TECFIDERA Pregnancy Registry.You can join in this registry by calling 1－866－810－1462.The purpose of this registry is to monitor the health of you and your baby. ?breastfeedin

4、g (母乳喂養(yǎng)) or planning to breastfeed.It is not known if TECFIDERA passes into your breast milk.You and your doctor should decide if you will take TECFIDERA or breastfeed. How should I take TECFIDERA? ?Take TECFIDERA exactly as your doctor tells you to take it. ?The recommended starting dose (劑量) is

5、 one 120mg capsule taken by mouth 2 times a day for 7 days. ?The recommended dose after 7 days is one 240mg capsule taken by mouth 2 times a day. ?TECFIDERA can be taken with or without food. ?Swallow TECFIDERA whole.Do not press, chew, or put capsule contents in food. ?Protect TECFIDERA from li

6、ght.You can do this by storing the capsules in their original container.Throw away opened TECFIDERA after 90 days. What are the possible side effects of TECFIDERA? TECFIDERA may cause serious side effects including decreases in your white blood cell count, sickness, redness, stomach pain and so on

7、. Redness and stomach problems are the most common reactions, especially at the start of the treatment, but they should decrease over time.Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms and they bother you or do not go away.These are not all the possible side effects of TECFIDERA.Call your doct

8、or for medical advice about side effects.You may report side effects to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at 1－800－FDA－1088. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要向人們介紹了處方藥TECFIDERA的適宜人群和注意事項。 1．Before taking TECFIDERA, you do NOT have to tell your doctor if you are ________. A．under 18 years old　　　 B．a(chǎn)bove

9、90 years old C．expecting a baby D．breastfeeding 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)語境可知，文中沒有具體提到90歲以上的人需要在服用TECFIDERA之前告訴醫(yī)生，所以選B項。 2．Which of the following is the correct way of taking TECFIDERA? A．Never dividing the capsule by any means while taking it. B．Increasing the dose by 2 times every 7 days. C．Taking it

10、exactly as the instructions show. D．Never taking it on an empty stomach. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)“How should I take TECFIDERA？”部分中的“Swallow TECFIDERA whole.Do not press, chew, or put capsule contents in food.”可知，藥要整個吞服下去。不要擠壓、咀嚼或者和食物混吃。因此選項A“在服藥時無論如何不能把膠囊打開來服用”是正確的。所以選A。 3．If you suffer from TECFIDERA, you

11、 may ________. A．have some eye problems B．report your doctor for prescribing the wrong medicine C．have a high white blood cell count D．contact FDA 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“What are the possible side effects of TECFIDERA？”部分末段的“Call your doctor if you have any of these symptoms ...You may report side effe

12、cts to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at 1－800－FDA－1088”可知，當(dāng)你服用TECFIDERA出現(xiàn)副作用時，你應(yīng)該給醫(yī)生打電話，你還可以聯(lián)系FDA，故D項正確。 B When she was a little girl, Margarita Engle spent her summers in Cuba, where she says she fell in love with nature. Engle, 66, was born to a Cuban mother and an American father.H

13、er annual visits to the Caribbean island from her home in California shaped her life and inspired her to become a poet and writer.The Poetry Foundation recently named her its Young People's Poet Laureate, a role Engle plans to use to encourage children and teenagers to write down their feelings. Ma

14、gic happens when you put your emotions in writing, she said. Engle says she has always liked poetry.At age 6, she wrote her first poem about nature.After looking around while taking a walk one day in California, she wrote a rhymed poem about the shapes of hills.As a teen, she wrote sonnets (十四行詩) a

15、bout nature and stories about people in Cuba. Some of her books explore the island, its people, markets and landmarks.Her new picture book, All the Way to Havana, features American cars from the 1940s and 1950s.Forest World, a new novel, introduces Edver to readers, an 11-year-old who lives in Miam

16、i, Florida, with his mother and is shipped off to Cuba to see his birthplace and meet his Cuban family.When he arrives in Havana, the capital, he learns he has an older sister, Luza, who stayed on the island with her father and grandfather.The two go on an adventure into a Cuban forest. The emotion

17、s of the characters are similar to what many children feel when they are separated from loved ones, Engle said.She hopes that people facing similar challenges can find support and comfort in poetry. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。Engle童年時每年往返于古巴和美國，這讓她得以親近自然，并激發(fā)了她的創(chuàng)作熱情，使她最終成為一位知名的詩人兼作家。 4．What made Engle a poet?

18、A．Her visits to Cuba. B．Days spent in California. C．Magic skills in practicing writing. D．Encouragement from the Poetry Foundation. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Her annual visits to the Caribbean island from her home in California shaped her life and inspired her to become a poet and writer.”可知A項正確。 5．W

19、e can learn from the text that young Engle probably ______. A．enjoyed indoor games B．found inspiration in nature C．liked exploring cities in Florida D．made friends with Cuban people 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段和第四段中的“At age 6, she wrote her first poem about nature ...she wrote sonnets (十四行詩) about nature”

20、可知，兒時的Engle愛上了大自然，還寫了關(guān)于大自然的詩，因此可推斷她從大自然中獲得了創(chuàng)作靈感，故選B。 6．What is TRUE about Forest World? A．It is a new picture book. B．It is based on a real-life event. C．It talks about an adventure story. D．It describes family ties between countries. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段提到的小說Forest World的內(nèi)容可知，該書描寫的是Edver離開美國佛羅里達

21、州前往古巴哈瓦那探親的故事，揭示的是分隔在兩個國家的家庭親情，故選D。 7．What does Engle stress in the last paragraph? A．The frequent changes of emotions. B．The challenges in writing poems. C．The separations from family members. D．The links between life and literature. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，Engle認(rèn)為無論是在作品中還是在現(xiàn)實中，孩子離別親人時心底迸發(fā)的情感是相似

22、的，她希望面臨這種處境的人能從詩歌中尋覓到支持和慰藉。故Engle在此強調(diào)生活與文學(xué)作品的聯(lián)系。 C Think of a seed buried in a pot.It's dark down there in the potting soil.There's no light, no sunshine.So how does it know which way is up and which way is down? It does know.Seeds routinely send shoots up toward the sky, and roots the other way.D

23、arkness doesn't confuse them.Somehow, they get it right. More amazingly, if you turn a seedling (秧苗) or a whole bunch of seedlings upside down, as Thomas Andrew Knight of the Royal Society did around 200 years ago, the tips and roots of the plant will sense, “Hey, I'm upside down，” and will wiggle

24、(扭動) their way to the right direction, doing a U-turn. How do they know? According to botanist Daniel Chamovitz, Thomas Knight about 200 years ago assumed that plants must sense gravity.Knight proved it with a crazy experiment involving a spinning plate. He attached a bunch of plant seedlings onto

25、 a disc.The plate was then turned by a water wheel powered by a local stream at a speed of 150 revolutions per minute for several days. If you've ever been at an amusement park in a spinning teacup, you know that because of centrifugal (離心的) force you get pushed away from the center of the spinning

26、 object toward the outside. Knight wondered, would the plants respond to the centrifugal pull of gravity and point their roots to the outside of the spinning plate? When he looked, that's what they'd done.Every plant on the disc had responded to the pull of gravity, and pointed its roots to the out

27、side.The roots pointed out, and the shoots pointed in.So Thomas Knight proved that plants can and do sense the pull. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。植物能辨別方向，但植物是怎么做到的呢？事實是，植物通過感知引力來辨別方向。作者借助Knight的圓盤試驗說明植物能夠并確實感知到引力。 8．How does the author write about the young seedling in Paragraph 2? A．By lively description. B．B

28、y accurate statement. C．By objective presentation. D．By gentle persuasion. 解析：選A　寫作手法題。從第二段中的“‘Hey, I'm upside down，’ and will wiggle (扭動) their way to the right direction, doing a U-turn.”得知，作者用擬人化的手法使對這株幼苗的描寫十分生動形象。 9．What determines the direction the plants choose? A．Soil. B．Sunshine. C．Da

29、rkness. D．The pull of the earth. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段得知，土壤、陽光和黑暗均不影響植物對方向的判定；根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容和最后一段Knight的圓盤試驗結(jié)果可知，地球引力影響植物對方向的判定。 10．What did Knight's experiment prove? A．Plants can tell up from down. B．Plants can feel gravity. C．Speed influences plants' growing. D．Plants have their own desires. 解析：選B　

30、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thomas Knight about 200 years ago assumed that plants must sense gravity.Knight proved it with a crazy experiment involving a spinning plate.”得知，Knight 的圓盤試驗證明植物能夠感知到引力。 11．What's the best title for the text? A．What Does a Plant Know? B．Which Direction Do Plants Grow in? C．How Do P

31、lants Decide: Up or Down? D．Why Do Plants Grow towards the Sun? 解析：選C　標(biāo)題歸納題。本文重點講述的是植物是怎么辨別生長方向的，故選C。 D In our research, we surveyed nearly 1,400 consumers about what they had eaten over the last 24 hours and how often they bought foods at supermarkets.We also took note of individual characteris

32、tics.When it came to making unhealthy food choices, a consumer's individual characteristics mattered more than where they shopped. Young consumers were less likely to eat fruits and vegetables.People without college degrees consumed significantly more sugar and butter.With age and education came be

33、tter eating habits.Older people and college graduates ate more fruits and vegetables. The clear role played by these connections argues for approaches to helping people improve the diet choices they make.Particularly when it comes to eating less junk food, targeted interventions (干預(yù)) are needed i

34、n addition to building supermarkets and stocking them with “good for you” foods.Policymakers should consider putting in place proven strategies (策略) that push consumers to change their shopping behaviors, such as taxing foods high in added sugars. In 2014, Berkeley became the first city in the U．S.

35、to put a tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, and consumption of such drinks dropped by more than 20 percent.In Mexico, an 8 percent tax on high-calorie foods put in place the same year reduced junk food purchases by about 5 percent. Evidence that people with lower levels of education may be more likely

36、to reduce their consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks in the face of such a tax also comes from Mexico.With more U．S.cities following suit, much-needed additional research should follow on whether these taxes effectively reduce consumption. Some strategies that are not obvious and are aimed at chan

37、ging individual behaviors also could make a difference in eating and shopping habits.In-store marketing — where and how foods are put — has shown promise of increasing the sales of healthy foods in supermarkets of low-income neighborhoods. Technology may also play a role.Research has shown that jus

38、t being exposed to electronically delivered dietary feedback (反饋), including advice on how to eat more fruits and vegetables, led to increased consumption of such foods among lower-income individuals with lower levels of education. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，個人特點，如年齡和受教育程度，與個人飲食習(xí)慣存在關(guān)聯(lián)。對此，作者提到從稅收政策、市場營銷和科技三

39、個方面來改善個人飲食習(xí)慣。 12．Which of the following would the author agree from the first paragraph? A．Personal tastes vary greatly. B．You are what you eat. C．You eat what you are. D．More supermarkets should be built. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，在選擇食品時，消費者的個人特點要比購物地點更有決定性，因為年齡和受教育程度決定購買食品的種類，進而形成飲食習(xí)慣，即你的個人特點決

40、定你的飲食習(xí)慣。第二段對此闡釋得更加清楚，故C項最佳。 13．What does the underlined word “connections” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Education backgrounds decide economic income. B．Age and education affect the choices of foods. C．Older consumers tend to buy cheap foods. D．Individual characteristics influence where to shop.

41、解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“With age and education came better eating habits”得知，飲食習(xí)慣受年齡和受教育程度的影響，故可知此處connections指上文提及的年齡和受教育程度與個人飲食習(xí)慣之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，故選B。 14．How does the author feel about the taxes? A．Doubtful. B．Opposed. C．Indifferent. D．Cautious. 解析：選D　觀點態(tài)度題。從第四段的數(shù)字得知，作者認(rèn)為征稅政策在特定城市的確有效，再結(jié)合第五段最后一句可知，作者認(rèn)為征稅政策的

42、效果還需進一步論證，故作者對征稅的做法持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，故選D。 15．What does the author mainly talk about in the text? A．Advice on improving eating habits. B．The importance of healthy foods. C．People's different food preferences. D．A latest research discovery. 解析：選A　主旨大意題。作者開篇提到一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，由此引出改善個人飲食習(xí)慣的幾種方法。故作者主要在文中談了改善個人飲食習(xí)慣的方法，故選

43、A。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 6 Tips for Healthy, White Teeth ·Go on a white-teeth diet.If you're quaffing (暢飲) red wine and black tea, or smoking cigarettes, expect the results to show up as not-so-pearly whites. ·Throw away your toothbrush or electric toothbrush head every two to three months.__1__According to d

44、entist Harold Katz, the best way to brush is by placing your toothbrush at a 45-degree angle against your gums (牙齦) and gently moving it in a circular motion.Grip the toothbrush like a pencil so you won't scrub (刷洗) too hard. ·Use a tongue scraper (刮刀) every morning to remove tongue plaque (舌斑) and

45、 freshen breath.One cause of bad breath is the build-up of bacteria on the tongue, which a daily tongue scraping will help banish (消除)．__2__ ·Eat “detergent (清潔劑)” foods that are firm or crisp to help clean teeth as you munch (咀嚼)．__3__ For best results, make “detergent” foods the final food you ea

46、t in your meal if you know you won't be able to brush your teeth after eating. ·Stay fresh.Check by licking (舔) your palm and smelling it while it's wet.If you smell something, it's time for a sugar-free breath mint (薄荷)．Shopping for mouthwash? __4__ Mouthwashes with too much alcohol can dry out m

47、outh tissue, making it more prone (易于) to bacteria. ·Brushing your teeth first and last are the two most crucial times of the day, as saliva (唾液) which keeps plaque off teeth, dries up at night, so it's best to have all plaque cleaned off the teeth before sleep.__5__ A．Make sure it's alcohol free.

48、 B．Apples are good, as are raw carrots, celery and popcorn. C．Otherwise, you're just transferring bacteria to your mouth. D．However, the bacteria won't be staying on the top of your tongue. E．It's more effective than brushing your tongue with a toothbrush too. F．When you sleep without bacteria

49、in your mouth, you will feel much better. G．It's also important to brush first in the morning to remove plaque and bacteria built up as you slept. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了六條保持牙齒潔白、健康的建議。 1．選C　根據(jù)此空前“Throw away your toothbrush ...every two to three months.”可知，每隔兩到三個月要換一次牙刷，本空應(yīng)說明這樣做的原因。C項(否則你就是在把細(xì)菌轉(zhuǎn)移到嘴

50、巴里。)符合語境。 2．選E　根據(jù)空前的“One cause of bad breath ...which a daily tongue scraping will help banish (清除)．”可知，刮舌板有助于有效清除舌頭上堆積的細(xì)菌，故此處描述的是刮舌板的益處。E項意為“這比用牙刷刷你的舌面更加有效”，符合上下文邏輯。其中it 指代“Use a tongue scraper every morning ...”這件事。 3．選B　根據(jù)空前建議吃有清潔作用的硬的或脆的食物，可以邊咀嚼邊清洗牙齒可知，此段應(yīng)涉及所吃的食物。只有B項中出現(xiàn)了食物。故選B項。 4．選A　根據(jù)本空后“Mouthwashes with too much alcohol can dry out mouth tissue ...”可知，此處應(yīng)是建議使用不含酒精的漱口水。故選A項。 5．選G　根據(jù)最后一段，建議起床后第一件事和睡覺前最后一件事是刷牙，以及本空前描述要在睡覺前刷牙可知，此處應(yīng)該是早晨起來也要刷牙。G項意為“同樣重要的是早晨起來先刷牙，以此來清除夜間睡覺堆積起來的牙菌斑和細(xì)菌”，符合邏輯。故選G項。 10