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1、 第三講 │ 任務(wù)型作文之二——寫(xiě)好拓展句和結(jié)尾句 概括后要根據(jù)要點(diǎn)來(lái)寫(xiě)作，文章的一個(gè)段落通常包括主題句和拓展句兩部分(有的還有結(jié)尾句)。其中，主題句一般位于段首，提出段落主題、確定段落發(fā)展方向及展開(kāi)模式，而拓展句則用以闡述、論證、支持主題句的要點(diǎn)，使段落更加豐滿(mǎn)。 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，圍繞主題句展開(kāi)拓展句的模式有以下幾種： 1.解釋原因 例如：在大城市工作有什么好處。 Working in a big city is of course an exciting thing，which means better opportunities and more conveniences.

2、It’s easier to find a well-paid job or a better platform to improve oneself. 2.列舉支撐點(diǎn) 例如：我們?nèi)绾巫霾拍芨纳骗h(huán)境。 If we want to improve environment then we need to change the way we behave.On the one hand，we need to buy appliances that are more energy efficient and limit the amount of time we use them.On the

3、other hand，to reduce the effect the greenhouse gases have on our atmosphere，we should plant more trees. 3.舉例 例如：成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境對(duì)學(xué)生的影響。 Since students are brought up in different environments，they will have different habits and characters，which will cause many conflicts in daily life.In such cases，these youn

4、gsters will often act impulsively，quarreling or even fighting with his or her classmates because of some trivial things.They may curse each other with hatred words or ask their friends to isolate these students.What’s worse，they may find some excuses to hurt，beat or even bully those who have conflic

5、ts with them. 4.比較和對(duì)比 例如：是不是越快越好？ Is it the faster the better? Many people believe that the faster the better，because they can save time in this way.However，others including me hold the opinion that，in many situations，the result is far less than being satisfactory and quite often goes to the oppo

6、sites.Haste makes waste. 5.細(xì)化主題句 例如：你所喜歡的體育項(xiàng)目對(duì)你的影響。 As far as I’m concerned，I’m fond of jogging which is very essential in my life.On one hand，it’s not a rough sport and convenient to do every day，from which I relax myself a lot and refresh my mind.On the other hand，it strengthens my suppleness，e

7、ndurance and perseverance to deal with the difficulties in my study. 6.引出經(jīng)歷 例如：講述你(或你朋友)因?yàn)樘喔蓴_而受到影響的經(jīng)歷。 This reminds me of what happened when I entered high school as a Senior One student.I was so excited to find that there were various student organizations and after-class activities for us stud

8、ents.It seemed that many groups were suitable for me.During this term，I was attracted whenever there was a notice from a student group and I was eager to find out more about it.As a result，I didn’t spend enough time on my studies，nor could I settle down to my homework every day.Consequently，I failed

9、 in an important exam. 7.說(shuō)明結(jié)果 例如：你對(duì)國(guó)家“禁止商場(chǎng)免費(fèi)提供塑料袋的看法”。 It is necessary for the government to forbid shops from offering free plastic bags.With this ban，shopping customers would gradually form a habit of bringing environmentally-friendly bags with them so that the consumption of plastic bags would

10、 be greatly reduced. 文章結(jié)尾的形式也是多種多樣的，常見(jiàn)的有以下幾種： 1.首尾呼應(yīng)，畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛 把含義較深的話放在末尾，以點(diǎn)明主題，深化主題，起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的效果。例如“如何處理好學(xué)習(xí)和課外活動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系”。 Thus，in my view，if we focus too much on any one，either study or after-school activities will be negatively affected.But with the right balance，both can improve. 2.重復(fù)主題句 結(jié)尾回到文章開(kāi)頭闡

11、明的中心思想或主題句上，達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)的效果。例如“我更喜歡傳統(tǒng)購(gòu)物”的結(jié)尾： As for me，I prefer traditional shopping.It is really fun to go into shops and look at the goods in person... So traditional shopping is better than Internet shopping. 3.重申主題 例如“客觀分析去外地讀大學(xué)的好處”的結(jié)尾： All in all，I’m fully convinced that to study in another city i

12、s really a good way to enrich one’s life experience. 4.自然結(jié)尾 隨著文章的結(jié)束，文章自然而然地結(jié)尾。例如 “老年人應(yīng)該得到的待遇” 的結(jié)尾： They’ve already contributed a lot to their family and society，so they deserve love from us all. 5.發(fā)出號(hào)召或呼吁 結(jié)尾表示對(duì)將來(lái)的展望或期待讀者投入行動(dòng)。例如“亂扔垃圾現(xiàn)象”的結(jié)尾： In conclusion，people’s littering habit is turning our

13、communities into a rubbish holder.It is high time that we made joint efforts to solve the rubbish problem.Otherwise，we will live with rubbish in the future. 6.陳述積極意義 例如“對(duì)童年時(shí)期的生活有怎樣的認(rèn)識(shí)”的結(jié)尾： All in all，as far as I am concerned，I think that flowers from a greenhouse can never withstand a storm and t

14、hat a hard life is good for children. 7.提出解決問(wèn)題的方法、建議 例如“你對(duì)周?chē)鷲?ài)吃零食的人的合理化建議”的結(jié)尾： It’s highly advisable that those who are crazy about snacks should eat snacks when necessary.You’d better have some healthy snacks，which is much enough to add the necessary calories or nutrients but will not cause healt

15、h problems. 8.表明決心 例如“對(duì)將來(lái)能上重點(diǎn)大學(xué)”的結(jié)尾： I am convinced that I will be admitted into a key university if I put all my heart into study. 一、根據(jù)所給主題句寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的拓展句 1.Treasure Time珍惜時(shí)光 An__English__proverb__says__that__time__is__money.I__consider__it__wrong.Why?__Because__we__all__know__that__we__can__earn

16、__money__but__can__not__get__time__back.For__this__reason，we__may__say__that__time__is__more__valuable__than__money. Many__people__do__not__know__the__value__of__time.It__is__indeed__a__great__pity.We__must__bear__in__mind__that__wasting__time__is__equal__to__wasting__your__life. 2.On Diligence論勤勉

17、 There__is__a__saying__that__goes，“Achievement__is__founded__on__diligence__and__wasted__upon__laziness.” It__is__widely__accepted__that__diligence__will__bring__us__success，wealth__and__good__luck.I__am__sure__that__a__hard-working__person__can__always__succeed__in__the__work__which__he__wants__

18、to__do.This__is__unchangeable__truth. Idleness__is__the__opposite__of__diligence.It__is__the__source__of__all__evil.An__idle__man__only__enjoys__playing__and__making__pleasures.Therefore，he__is__bound__to__fail__and__he__can__never__experience__the__happiness__brought__about__by__success. 3.Knowle

19、dge is Power知識(shí)就是力量 As__a__popular__saying__goes，“Knowledge__is__power.”__With__our__country__developing__fast，knowledge__is__becoming__more__and__more__important. First__of__all，with__knowledge__one__can__easily__find__jobs.We__are__entering__a__new__age__of__information，and__knowledge__is__needed

20、__by__a__lot__of__jobs.In__addition，more__knowledge__is__also__needed__to__make__our__life__rich__and__fulfilled.Therefore，we__must__try__hard__to__acquire__as__much__knowledge__as__we__can. 4.On Honesty論誠(chéng)信 There__is__an__English__proverb__that__goes__“Honesty__is__the__best__policy.”__It__shows__

21、the__importance__of__honesty. Firstly，honesty__is__deeply__valued__by__people__from__all__over__the__world.People__everywhere__regard__honesty__as__a__virtue__and__hate__a__dishonest__person.Secondly，honesty__is__the__basis__of__interactions__among__people.People__should__treat__each__other__sincer

22、ely__and__open__their__hearts__to__each__other.Only__in__this__way__can__we__build__a__harmonious__society. 5.How to Get Happiness如何獲得快樂(lè) There__is__no__doubt__that__happiness__is__the__most__precious__thing__in__the__world.Without__it，life__will__be__empty__and__meaningless.If__you__wish__to__know

23、__how__to__get__happiness，you__must__pay__attention__to__the__following__two__points. First，health__is__the__key__to__happiness.Health__is__the__best__wealth__(that)__a__man__can__possess.Money__can__do__many__things，but__it__cannot__buy__happiness.Therefore，only__when/if__a__man__has__good__health

24、__can__he__enjoy__the__pleasures__of__human__life. Second，happiness__consists__in__contentment.A__man__who__is__always__dissatisfied__with__his__present__condition__can__never__experience__happiness. 二、根據(jù)提示完成相應(yīng)的結(jié)尾句 1.你讀了這個(gè)故事的感受。(個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)需要艱難生活的磨礪；否則會(huì)像文中的蝴蝶一樣實(shí)現(xiàn)不了目標(biāo)) The story sets me thinking a lot.O

25、ur life is more or less like this.Sometimes，struggles__or__obstacles__in__our__life__are__a__must__for__our__growth.It is these struggles or hardships that increase our willpower and contribute to our success.Without these trials，we__could__never__achieve__our__life__goal__just__as__the__butterfly__

26、did__in__the__story. 2.保持好心情的重要性。(總之，只有保持好心情才能快樂(lè)、健康成長(zhǎng)) When we are free of worries，we can become healthier，study more efficiently and get along better with other people.In__a__word，only__when__we__have__a__good__mood__can__we__grow__up__happily__and__healthily. 3.如果有機(jī)會(huì)，你會(huì)就此問(wèn)題對(duì)父母說(shuō)些什么。(不要對(duì)我過(guò)度關(guān)注；愛(ài)就要

27、放手) If I had the chance to talk with my parents about this，I would like to tell them that I can manage without their hovering over me! I’d like to say to them，“Please__let__go__of__your__anxiety.Give__me__some__advice__just__when__necessary，and__for__most__of__the__time，let__me__think__for__myself.

28、Your__love__should__never__be__a__burden__on__me.Love__me，and__let__me__fly__with__it.” 4.呼吁人們多讀書(shū)。(希望每個(gè)人每年都能讀些書(shū)) There are books on every subject written for almost every level of understanding.Therefore，we are able to make our own choices.I__hope__everyone__can__read__a__certain__number__of__books__every__year. 5.根據(jù)你的親身經(jīng)歷，你覺(jué)得朋友給你的生活帶來(lái)了什么？(朋友給了我信任、理解、溫暖和感動(dòng)，我非常感激我的朋友) According to my experience，I think friends bring__me__not__only__trust，understanding__but__also__warmth，which made me moved a lot.How__grateful__I__am__to__my__friends！ 7