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1、 專題二 完形填空 考試大綱 要求 考綱解讀 在一篇約250詞的短文中留出20個空白，要求考生從每題給的4個選項中選出最佳選項，使補足的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。 既考查考生的英語基礎(chǔ)知識，又考查考生綜合運用語言的能力。 主要測驗學(xué)生的語言綜合運用能力，包括詞語辨析能力、語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力、語篇理解能力、邏輯推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意圖剖析能力和生活常識綜合運用能力。該題型分值高、區(qū)分度強，是考生最容易“拉開距離”的一項測試。 江蘇高考完形填空近五年考查分布明細(xì)統(tǒng)計 年份 體裁 選項設(shè)置 詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn) 語境詞義 邏輯關(guān)系 固定搭配 2018

2、 記敘文 3 15 2 0 2017 記敘文 3 14 2 1 2016 夾敘夾議文 4 14 0 2 2015 記敘文 1 17 2 0 2014 記敘文 2 14 1 3 從上表可以看出，江蘇高考完形填空題設(shè)空以語境題和詞匯題為主，注重在語境中考查詞義及搭配。四個選項基本上屬同一詞類，相同語義范疇，選擇時要求上下文通篇考慮。 Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had bee

3、n __36__ to pay lawyers’ fees.To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed(診斷) with a __37__ disease.There was no __38__，only pain relief. Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a __39__ journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’ (徒步旅行者) guide. This was a long journey of unaccus

4、tomed hardship and __40__ recovery.When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.They planned to keep the __41__ low by living on boiled noodles，with the __42__ hamburger shop treat. Wild camping is __43__ in England.To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up __44__ an

5、d packed it away early in the morning.The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot __45__ than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor __46__ all over and desired a bath.Moth, meanwhile, after an initial __47__ , found his symptoms were strangely __48__ by their daily tiring jo

6、urney. __49__， the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had __50__ forever.“Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes __51__ to a thread, but we were alive.” During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer

7、.She writes, “__52__ had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) __53__ written book.It had also given me a __54__， either to leave that page __55__ or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.” 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Raynor Winn和她丈夫Moth因為投資失

8、誤變得無家可歸。禍不單行，她丈夫被診斷出患有嚴(yán)重疾病，無法醫(yī)治。他們決定靠著僅有的一些錢外出旅行。 36.A.drawn up B.used up C.backed up D.kept up 答案　B　[根據(jù)首句中的homeless與下文第三段中的“had just ￡320 in the bank”可知他們的積蓄都用于支付律師費了，因此選擇used up(用光)。draw up“擬訂，起草”；back up“支持，支援”；keep up“跟上，保持”。] 37.A.mild B.common C.preventable D.serious 答案　D　[根據(jù)下一句中

9、的“only pain relief”可知，Moth被診斷出患了一種嚴(yán)重的疾病，因此選擇serious。] 38.A.cure B.luck C.care D.promise 答案　A　[沒有治療方法(cure)，只能緩解疼痛。 ] 39.A.business B.walking C.bus D.rail 答案　B　[根據(jù)本句中的“an old hikers’(徒步旅行者)guide”與下文的內(nèi)容可知，他們決定進行一場徒步旅行，因此選擇walking。] 40.A.expected B.frightening C.disappointing D.surpris

10、ing 答案　D　[從下文內(nèi)容可知，這不但是一個艱苦的旅行，也是一個給他們帶來驚喜的旅行，因此選擇surprising。] 41.A.budget B.revenue C.compensation D.allowance 答案　A　[根據(jù)本段中的“had just ￡320 in the bank”和“by living on boiled noodles”可知，他們想方設(shè)法減少預(yù)算，因此選擇budget。] 42.A.frequent B.occasional C.abundant D.constant 答案　B　[以吃煮面條為主，偶爾也會去漢堡店里買點漢堡犒勞自己

11、。occasional“偶爾的”，符合語境。] 43.A.unpopular B.lawful C.attractive D.illegal 答案　D　[根據(jù)后一句中的“To avoid being caught”可知，在英國野營是不合法的，因此選擇illegal。] 44.A.soon B.early C.late D.slowly 答案　C　[為了不被抓到，他們不得不晚睡早起，因此選擇late。] 45.A.harder B.easier C.cheaper D.funnier 答案　A　[他們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)在50多歲進行徒步旅行比在20多歲進行徒步旅行困難多了。因

12、此選擇harder。] 46.A.rolled B.bled C.ached D.trembled 答案　C　[根據(jù)上文并結(jié)合常識可知，Raynor渾身疼痛并且想洗個澡。因此選擇ached。] 47.A.struggle B.progress C.excitement D.research 答案　A　[經(jīng)過最初與疾病的斗爭(struggle)，Moth發(fā)現(xiàn)他的癥狀奇怪地減輕(reduced)了。] 48.A.developed B.controlled C.reduced D.increased 答案　C　[參見上題解析。] 49.A.Initially B.

13、Eventually C.Temporarily D.Consequently 答案　B　[最后，這對夫婦發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的身體好轉(zhuǎn)。eventually“最后，終于”，符合語境。] 50.A.gained B.kept C.wounded D.lost 答案　D　[他們重新找回了原本認(rèn)為已經(jīng)永遠(yuǎn)失去的強有力的肌肉。根據(jù)re-found可知應(yīng)選擇lost。] 51.A.sewn B.washed C.worn D.ironed 答案　C　[根據(jù)語境和空前的“Our hair was fried and falling out，nails broken”可知，此處在描述他們旅

14、途的艱辛。故選擇worn表示衣服破了。] 52.A.Doctors B.Hiking C.Lawyers D.Homelessness 答案　D　[根據(jù)上文可知，無家可歸的境況(Homelessness)使他們失去了一切物質(zhì)上的東西。] 53.A.well B.partly C.neatly D.originally 答案　B　[根據(jù)上文中的“nature writer”和下文中的“l(fā)eave that page __55__ or to keep writing the story”可知，此處表示這本書還未完成，即部分未完成的書。因此選擇partly。] 54.

15、A.choice B.reward C.promise D.break 答案　A　[根據(jù)本句中的“either...or...”可知，選choice。] 55.A.loose B.full C.blank D.missing 答案　C　[根據(jù)本句中的“or to keep writing the story with hope”可知，選擇blank。表示一種選擇是留著空白頁，意思是停止旅行，還有一種選擇是繼續(xù)滿懷希望地寫作，即繼續(xù)旅行。] For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at al

16、l.In his first years of high school，Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students，__36__across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，__37__at school for practice hours__38__ anyone else had to be there.He swore to himself to__39__music，as he hated getting to school extra early. __40__，o

17、ne day，in the music class that was __41__ of his school’s standard curriculum，he was playing idly (隨意地)on the piano and found it __42__ to pick out tunes.With a sinking feeling，he realized that he actually __43__ doing it.He tried to hide his __44__ pleasure from the music teacher，who had __45__ ove

18、r to listen.He might not have done this particularly well，__46__ the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good __47__ and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there __48__ him.There he decided to give the cello(大提琴)a __49__.When he began practicing，he to

19、ok it very __50__.But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument，and was __51__ to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well. This __52__，of course，that he arrived at school early in the morning，__53__ his heavy instrument case across the campus to t

20、he __54__ looks of the non-musicians he had left __55__. 36.A.travelling B.marching C.pacing D.struggling 答案　D　[根據(jù)“with their heavy instrument cases”可知，每天上學(xué)的時候，Gabriel總是同情地看著背著沉重樂器的同學(xué)們艱難地穿梭于校園中，struggle“努力，艱難地行進，斗爭”，符合語境。] 37.A.rising up B.coming up C.driving up D.turning up 答案　D　[根據(jù)“__37_

21、_ at school for practice hours __38__ anyone else”可知，學(xué)習(xí)音樂的同學(xué)需要比不學(xué)音樂的早到學(xué)校幾個小時，為了練習(xí)彈奏樂器。turn up“出現(xiàn)”，符合語境。] 38.A.before B.after C.until D.since 答案　A　[“anyone else”指不學(xué)音樂的學(xué)生，學(xué)習(xí)音樂的要比規(guī)定的到校時間早到幾個小時，before anyone else had to be there比規(guī)定的到校時間早幾個小時。這也是Gabriel不想學(xué)習(xí)音樂的原因之一。] 39.A.betray B.accept C.avoid

22、 D.appreciate 答案　C　[根據(jù)“as he hated getting to school extra early”可知，Gabriel討厭過早到校，因此他對自己發(fā)誓“不學(xué)”音樂，A背叛；B接受；C避免，避開；D欣賞。故選C。] 40.A.Therefore B.However C.Thus D.Moreover 答案　B　[此處是說，Gabriel在一次音樂課上意外發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很喜歡音樂，此處所表達(dá)的含義與上一段是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B。] 41.A.part B.nature C.basis D.spirit 答案　A　[that was __41__ of

23、 his school’s standard curriculum是定語從句，音樂課是學(xué)校標(biāo)準(zhǔn)課程的一部分，言外之意就是說，每個學(xué)生都得上這個音樂課。] 42.A.complicated B.safe C.confusing D.easy 答案　D　[根據(jù)下句“actually...tried to hide...pleasure”等詞或詞組可以看出，Gabriel在音樂中找到了樂趣，并試圖隱藏這份愉悅，由此可知，此處是說，他發(fā)現(xiàn)演奏音樂很容易。故選D。] 43.A.missed B.disliked C.enjoyed D.denied 答案　C　[根據(jù)actuall

24、y可知，Gabriel對音樂的看法有了變化，他實際上是喜歡音樂的，故選C。] 44.A.transparent B.obvious C.false D.similar 答案　B　[Gabriel不想讓音樂老師看到自己表露出來的很明顯的喜悅之情，transparent指(謊言、借口)易看穿的；obvious明顯的，顯然的；false假的；similar相似的。故選B。] 45.A.run B.jogged C.jumped D.wandered 答案　D　[音樂老師在教室里來回走動，聽到Gabriel彈奏樂器的聲音，就走過來聆聽。run跑；jog慢跑；jump跳；wander

25、徘徊，游蕩。wander over漫步。] 46.A.because B.but C.though D.so 答案　B　[前句是說他彈得不是特別好，后句是說，老師告訴他他有良好的辨音能力，并且建議他去音樂商店選適合自己的樂器。前后句間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。] 47.A.ear B.taste C.heart D.voice 答案　A　[老師認(rèn)為Gabriel有著很好辨音能力，并建議他去挑一件稱心的樂器。ear辨音力，靈敏的聽力；taste鑒賞力，欣賞力，指對作品的欣賞能力。由于Gabriel沒有經(jīng)過專業(yè)的訓(xùn)練，不能說他有很好的音樂鑒賞能力，taste不符合語境。] 48.A

26、.occurred to B.took to C.appealed to D.held to 答案　C　[occur to sb某人突然想起；take to開始喜歡；appeal to有吸引力，引起興趣；hold to抓住。老師讓Gabriel找一件自己喜歡的樂器。] 49.A.change B.chance C.mission D.function 答案　B　[Gabriel準(zhǔn)備試一下大提琴，給大提琴一次機會，即嘗試演奏一下大提琴。change改變；chance機會；mission任務(wù)；function功能。故選B。] 50.A.seriously B.proudl

27、y C.casually D.naturally 答案　C　[根據(jù)But可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，下句說Gabriel發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很喜歡大提琴，說明前一句是說他只是隨便拉一下。seriously認(rèn)真地；proudly驕傲地；casually隨便地；naturally自然地。故選C。] 51.A.committed B.used C.limited D.admitted 答案　A　[根據(jù)“so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well”可知，花了幾個月的時間練習(xí)之后，Gabriel的大提琴已經(jīng)拉得非常好

28、了。be committed to sth/doing sth致力于。be used to doing sth“習(xí)慣于做某事”；be limited to“被局限于……”；be admitted to“被……錄取”。故選A。] 52.A.proved B.showed C.stressed D.meant 答案　D　[本段與第一段呼應(yīng)。學(xué)習(xí)音樂意味著早到學(xué)校，要把沉重的樂器背來背去，meant在此意為“意味著”。] 53.A.pushing B.dragging C.lifting D.rushing 答案　B　[此處是說，Gabriel也得早到學(xué)校練習(xí)拉琴，也要拖

29、著沉重的樂器。drag指吃力地拖、拉某物，符合語境。push推；lift舉起；rush沖。] 54.A.admiring B.pitying C.annoying D.teasing 答案　B　[根據(jù)“non-musicians”可知，這里指不學(xué)音樂的學(xué)生那種同情的表情，根據(jù)第一段可得出答案，應(yīng)該是pitying。] 55.A.over B.aside C.behind D.out 答案　C　[leave aside擱置一邊；leave sb/sth behind把……拋在后面，超過；leave out遺漏，不提及。這里指Gabriel走過去之后，身后的學(xué)生對他投來

30、同情的目光。] Years ago，a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast.While we were __36__，Kurt asked me，“John，what is your __37__ for personal growth？” Never at a loss for words，I tried to find things in my life

31、 that might __38__for growth.I told him about the many activities in which I was __39__.And I went into a __40__ about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.I must have talked for ten minutes.Kurt __41__ patiently，but then he __42__ smiled and said，“You don’t have a personal plan for growth，d

32、o you？” “No”，I __43__. “You know，” Kurt said simply，“growth is not a(n) __44__ process.” And that’s when it __45__ me.I wasn’t doing anything __46__ to make myself better.And at that moment，I made the __47__：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my __48__. That night，I talked to m

33、y wife about my __49__ with Kurt and what I had learned.I __50__ her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling.We __51__ that Kurt wasn’t just trying to make a sale.He was offering a __52__ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams. Several important things happened that day.First，we decided

34、to __53__ the resources.But more importantly，we made a commitment to __54__ together as a couple.From that day on，we learned together，traveled together，and sacrificed together.It was a __55__ decision.While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together. 36.A.working B.preparing C.thinkin

35、g D.eating 答案　D　[根據(jù)“for breakfast”，可知我在吃早飯的時候遇見了Kurt。故D項符合語境。] 37.A.suggestion B.demand C.plan D.request 答案　C　[根據(jù)42空后“You don’t have a personal plan for growth，do you？”(對于個人成長你并沒有計劃，是吧？)可知Kurt在問我個人成長計劃是什么。故C項正確。] 38.A.appeal B.look C.call D.qualify 答案　D　[appeal呼吁，吸引(通常與to連用)；look for尋找

36、；call for需要；qualify for有資格，能勝任；當(dāng)Kurt提出這個問題的時候，我努力找出一些個人生活中與成長有關(guān)的事情。故D項正確。] 39.A.involved B.trapped C.lost D.bathed 答案　A　[本句是定語從句，介詞in提前到關(guān)系代詞which之前。be involved in參與……；卷入……；be trapped in被困在……中；be lost in沉浸于……；be bathed in被……籠罩；我告訴他很多我所參加的活動。根據(jù)句意可知A項正確。] 40.A.lecture B.speech C.discussion

37、 D.debate 答案　B　[我在發(fā)表關(guān)于自己如何努力工作并取得了很大成就的演講。lecture講座；speech演講；discussion討論；debate辯論。故B項正確。] 41.A.calculated B.listened C.drank D.explained 答案　B　[我講了十分鐘自己的個人努力及成就，Kurt一直耐心地聽我講。故B項正確。] 42.A.eagerly B.gradually C.gratefully D.finally 答案　D　[Kurt耐心地聽我講了很長時間，最后他笑著對我說：“對于個人成長你并沒有計劃，是吧？”eagerly熱

38、切地；gradually逐漸地；gratefully感激地；finally最后。故D項正確。] 43.A.admitted B.interrupted C.apologized D.complained 答案　A　[“You don’t have a personal plan for growth，do you？”是一個否定的反意疑問句，在回答的時候“No”翻譯為“是的”。說明我承認(rèn)自己并沒有個人成長計劃。故A項正確。] 44.A.automatic B.slow C.independent D.changing 答案　A　[automatic自動的；slow緩慢的；in

39、dependent獨立的；changing不斷變化的；Kurt告訴我成長并不是一個自動的過程，一定要有計劃性，有計劃的個人成長才是有效的成長。從那以后我意識到自己在這方面的缺乏并作出改變。故選A項。] 45.A.confused B.informed C.pleased D.hit 答案　D　[Kurt的話觸動了我，我的確沒有有意識地做一些事情讓自己變得更好。hit sb“某人突然想起”。故D項正確。] 46.A.on loan B.on purpose C.on sale D.on balance 答案　B　[on loan暫借；on purpose故意地；on sa

40、le降價出售；on balance總的來說。他的話讓我意識到自己的確沒有有意識地做一些讓自己變得更好的事情。故B項正確。] 47.A.comment B.announcement C.decision D.arrangement 答案　C　[comment評論；announcement通告；decision決定；arrangement安排。此處是說，我做出了一個決定：要為我的生活做一個個人的成長計劃。故C項正確。] 48.A.life B.progress C.performance D.investment 答案　A　[life生活；progress進步；performa

41、nce表演；investment投資。由上下文可知A項正確。] 49.A.contract B.conversation C.negotiation D.argument 答案　B　[contract合同，契約；conversation對話；negotiation談判；協(xié)商；argument爭論。此處是說，我把我和Kurt的談話告訴了妻子。故B項正確。] 50.A.lent B.sold C.showed D.offered 答案　C　[我向妻子展示了Kurt正在出售的書和磁帶。故C項正確。] 51.A.recalled B.defined C.recogni

42、zed D.declared 答案　C　[我們意識到他并不是想向我們兜售自己的書，而是給了我們一個改變生活和實現(xiàn)夢想的方法。根據(jù)句意可知C項正確。] 52.A.tool B.method C.way D.rule 答案　C　[Kurt給了我們一個改變生活和實現(xiàn)夢想的方法。故C項正確。] 53.A.provide B.buy C.give D.deliver 答案　B　[此處是說，我們決定購買他的書和磁帶等資源。故B項正確。] 54.A.grow B.survive C.move D.gather 答案　A　[根據(jù)上文可知Kurt和我談?wù)摰氖莻€人成長

43、的話題。我和妻子在他的影響下承諾共同成長，一起進步。故A項正確。] 55.A.difficult B.random C.firm D.wise 答案　D　[由While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.可知我和妻子一起成長。說明他的資源對我們有很大的幫助，我們做出的是一個明智的決定。故D項正確。] [解題技巧] 完形填空答題時必須遵循“整體——部分——整體”的步驟，要先完其意后完其形。注重整合、注重上下文信息關(guān)聯(lián)，做到瞻前顧后。 1.跳讀首尾句，判斷文體，預(yù)測主題 一般說來，完形填空題的首尾句是不設(shè)

44、空的，先跳讀這兩句，便可判斷體裁，猜想它要講什么。如果一開始就講明了when，where，who，what，即四個w，那么就是記敘文。若首句是提出或解釋說明某事物，一般來說是說明文；若首句提出一個論點，那么就是議論文。 2.通讀全文，掌握主旨大意 邊讀邊填獨立題(包括詞類搭配、近義詞辨析、語法類)和前提試題，了解全文，把握大意。積極思維，根據(jù)初步結(jié)論、按照不同文體的寫作特點，找準(zhǔn)信息詞，存儲上文信息，以幫助解決下文空格。要注意詞與詞、句與句之間的各種連接和修飾關(guān)系，留心詞匯的習(xí)慣搭配，尤其是所選擇的詞在具體語境中的確切含義。 3.尋求搭配，通順邏輯 固定搭配是完形填空的?？碱}，如動詞與

45、介詞的搭配，動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容詞與名詞的搭配等，因此選擇必須根據(jù)具體的上下文作出合理的判斷。 4.根據(jù)詞匯意義及用法辨析詞義、確定答案 完形填空題雖然淡化對語法的考查，但對語言點的考查依然存在，主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯搭配和意義辨析兩個方面。弄清它們之間的細(xì)微差異有助于提高答題的正確率。如separate/divide，cheap/cheaply，wide/widely，still/quiet/calm/silent等。要做好這種題目，必須盡量將詞語辨析與情節(jié)推理和邏輯推理結(jié)合起來，從詞匯意義入手，抓住情節(jié)線索解決問題。 5.結(jié)合生活常識及文化背景知識進行邏輯推理 完形填空往往為自身的內(nèi)容提供完整的語言信息，其間交織滲透各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識和生活常識，考查學(xué)生靈活運用該方面知識的能力。解決這類題目，考生不僅要有廣博的知識，還要能駕馭全文，弄清文章的深層意義。當(dāng)對語言的把握不是很準(zhǔn)確時，可充分利用社會文化知識和生活常識來幫助判斷。 6.查漏補缺，反復(fù)推敲，調(diào)整答案 復(fù)讀時，要根據(jù)文章的中心去判斷所選答案是否符合邏輯，是否服務(wù)于文章的主題，有無語法或搭配錯誤。審讀過程中，如果遇到不暢之處，必有一點，應(yīng)從詞義和邏輯兩方面權(quán)衡優(yōu)劣，從而糾正錯誤，彌補疏漏。對于仍拿不準(zhǔn)的個別選項，應(yīng)堅持自己的第一感覺。 13