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1、 Unit 3 Science versus nature 單元視窗 Wordlist 2 clone [kl?un] vt.克隆 n.克隆出來的動物或植物 * embryo [?embri?u] n.胚胎 on the one hand…on the other hand … 一方面…另一方面… tissue [?ti?u:] n. (生物的)組織;紙巾 toy with戲弄,擺弄;把…當作兒戲 real-life adj真實的,現(xiàn)實生活中的 * monster [?m?nst?] n.怪物 exact [ig?z?kt] adj.精確的,準確

2、的 cell [sel] n.細胞;小隔間;電池 * mammal [?m?m?l] n.哺乳動物 * Scottish [?sk?ti?] adj.蘇格蘭的 intention [in?ten??n] n.意圖,目的;企圖 anxiety [???zai?ti] n.憂慮,焦慮,不安 saleswoman [?seilzwum?n] n.女售貨員, 女推銷員 adopt [??d?pt] vt.收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng);采用,采納 legal [?li:g?l] adj.法律許可的,合法的 push ahead with義無反顧地進行, 努力推進 * Italian

3、 [i?t?li?n]adj.意大利的 n.意大利人;意大利語 physician [fi?zi??n] n.醫(yī)師;內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 goat [g?ut] n.山羊 consequence [?k?nsikw?ns] n.結(jié)果,后果 harvest [?hɑ:vist] vt. & vi.收割(莊稼) n.收獲;收成 for sale供出售,待銷售 transform [tr?ns?f?:m] vt.使改變外觀或性質(zhì) (尤指向好的方向) ; 使改變形態(tài) concept ?[?k?nsept] n.概念;觀念 crime [kraim] n.罪,罪行 fellow [?

4、fel?u] n.男子,家伙;同事,同類 profession [pr??fe??n] n.職業(yè),行業(yè) radiation?[?reidi?ei??n] n.輻射,放射線 breakthrough [?breikθru:] n.突破 original [??rid??n?l] adj.原來的,起初的; 首創(chuàng)的;非復(fù)制的 judgement [?d??d?m?nt] n.判斷力;看法, 評價; (法律)判決 be/ get burnt out耗盡體力,累垮 relation [ri?lei??n] n.關(guān)系;親戚 public relations n.公共關(guān)

5、系 follow in one's footsteps效仿某人 conduct [?k?nd?kt] vt.實施;指揮樂隊 majority [m??d??riti] n.多數(shù),大多數(shù) summary [?s?m?ri] n.總結(jié);概括,概要 consideration [k?n?sid??rei??n] n.仔細考慮; 必須考慮的因素;體諒,顧及 take... into consideration認真考慮 hunger [?h??g?] n.饑餓;饑荒 tasty [?teisti] adj.美味的,可口的 nutrition [nju:?tri??n]

6、n.營養(yǎng) ordinary [??:din?ri] adj.普通的,一般的 reliable [ri?lai?bl] adj.可信賴的,可依靠的 accurate [??kjur?t] adj.準確的,精確的 brief [bri:f] adj.短時間的,短暫的; 簡潔的,簡單的 actual [??kt?u?l] adj.真實的,實際的 confirm [k?n?f?:m] vt. & vi.證實,證明; 確認;使確信 agriculture [??grik?lt??] n.農(nóng)業(yè) channel [?t??n?l] n.水道;航道;隧道 favour [?f

7、eiv?] n.贊同,支持;恩惠, 幫助;偏愛,偏袒 in favour of贊同,支持 point of view n.觀點 catastrophe [k??t?str?fi] n.災(zāi)難,災(zāi)禍 * resource [ri?s?:s] n.資源 acre [?eik?] n.英畝 rainforest n.雨林 income [?ink?m] n.收入,收益 * genetics [d?i?netiks] n.遺傳學(xué) frighten [?fraitn] vt.使驚嚇,使驚恐 * genetically [d???net?kl?]adj. 從基因上,

8、 與基因相關(guān) * modify [?m?difai] vt.調(diào)整,修改;修飾 genetically modified轉(zhuǎn)基因的 insert [in?s?:t] vt.插入,嵌入 * DNA n.脫氧核糖核酸 (deoxyribonucleic acid縮寫) pest ?[pest] n.害蟲 profit [?pr?fit] n.利潤,收益 vi. & vt.獲益;對……有用 chain [?t?ein] n.一系列;一連串(人或事) food chain n.食物鏈 permission [p??mi??n] n.準許,許可,批準 把你沒有記牢的

9、挑出來，好好滴記住哦！ The perfect copy Focus Scientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo. This has caused much debate round the world. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues—such as b

10、one or lung tissue—that could be used to save human lives. On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankenstein's monster. Cloning is producing an exact copy of a

11、 plant or an animal using its cells. The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal. When she was born, many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal w

12、orld. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance. Ian Wilnut, the Scottish scientist who created Dolly, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings. Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copie

13、s of humans. Instead, he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer. However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life. Even though human clo

14、ning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby. ‘I am anxious to have a child of my own,’ she says. 'I don't want to adopt someone else's child—if I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right now.' While cloning human embryo

15、s is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby. Severino Antinori, an Italian physician, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being. In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning

16、animals, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. China has succeeded in producing clones of cows and goats, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefit mankind. Dear Editor, I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature, we will have to deal with

17、the consequences. Who knows what could happen? Human life would just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale. The human race is using up Earth's natural wealth. We should be having fewer babies in order to reduce Earth's population, not cloning more. I feel sorry for the lady who can

18、not have a baby, but I would like to point out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother. Pauline Carter Dear Editor, I would like to comment on your article 'The perfect copy'. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article a

19、re fantastic. I am in complete agreement with human cloning. After all, scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries. Why should we stop them now? On a personal note, cloning would totally transform my life. Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died of heart failure. She was beau

20、tiful, cheerful and bright. I miss her every single day. If I had the chance, I would clone her immediately so that I could be with her again. Colin Jake First period Listen and learn: Listen to the wordlist and try to learn the words and phrases by heart. ◆Step 1: ◆Step 2: Per

21、sonal show ●Task 1: Give the following words’ Chinese meaning consequence n. harvest vt. & vi. n. transform vt. concept n. breakthrough n. conduct vt. nutrition n. reliable adj. brief adj. confirm vt. & vi. ●Task 2: Translate the following words 戲弄,

22、擺弄;把……當作兒戲 n.意圖,目的;企圖 vt.收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng);采用,采納 adj.法律許可的,合法的 義無反顧地進行, 努力推進 效仿某人 n.總結(jié);概括,概要 n.資源 n.仔細考慮; 必須考慮的因素;體諒,顧及 n.利潤,收益 vi. & vt.獲益;對…有用 Step 3: Text reading Listen to the text and then finish the following sentences ●Task: Task-based reading閱讀課文, 完成下表。注意：一空一詞 Para. 1

23、 Different opinions on the first human embryo 1. _______ For: Human embryo cloning can produce valuable tissues—2. _____ bone or lung tissue—that could be used to 3. ______ human lives. Against: We may be on the way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s 4.____. Para. 2 Different opinions

24、on the birth of 5. ________ For: People 6. _______ scientists for the scientific breakthrough. Against: Cloning would create more 7._____. Para. 3~5 Ian Wilmut’s intention Severion Antinori’s intention Research efforts should be 8. ______ on creating new tissues and organs for medical use. Cl

25、oning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no 9. _____ for human life. To be the first to clone a human being. Para. 6 Chinese scientists have focused their efforts on cloning 10. ______, as well as cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment. They have succeeded in clon

26、ing cows and goats. Homework: 1. Read the text 2. Try to recite the sentences in step 3-Task 1 Second period Step 1: Personal show Write down the words according to yourself. Step 2: Language focus ◆ 1. intended adj. (為…〉打算的/設(shè)計的 intention n.意圖；目的；企圖 知識探究： My brother intends t

27、o study abroad next year. 我弟弟打算明年到國外留學(xué)。 He went to Paris with the intention of learning/ to learn French. 他到巴黎是為了學(xué)法語。 I have no intention of going to the wedding. 我無意去參加婚禮。 The course is intended for intermediate students. 這個課程是為中等水平的學(xué)生開設(shè)的。 The dictionary is intended for children. 這本字典是給小孩用的。 H

28、is parents intended him to study abroad. 他的父母想讓他去國外學(xué)習。 歸納整理： 題練落實： 1. Small children don’t like books that are _______ for adults. A. promised B. permitted C. admitted D. intended 2. ---I thought you and Peter were going for a bike ride. ---_______, but the front wheel of my bike i

29、s bent and I haven’t had it fixed. A. We intended to B. I’m sorry C. Well, we went D. She was, and I won’t 3. In the park, the number of visitors is tightly _______ to avoid damaging the environment or putting stress on the animals. A. limited B. encouraged C. expected D. intended 4

30、. She ________ to catch the early train, but she didn’t get up in time. A. intended B. was intended C. had intended D. was intending 聯(lián)想拓寬： without intention無意地 by intention故意地 with good intention善意地，誠意地 點津： had intended to do sth.指本來打算做某事而沒有做; intend后接賓語從句時其謂語形式應(yīng)用"should do"結(jié)

31、構(gòu)，should可以省略。 ◆ 2. adopt vt. &. vi.收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng);采用(方法) ;采取(態(tài)度) ;采納 (建議) ;承襲(風俗) ;選舉 知識探究： Papers like this tend to adopt a very simple writing style.這樣的論文往往采用比較樸實的寫作風格。 Mr Kern adopted the orphan as his own son. 克恩先生收養(yǎng)了那個孤兒。 Congress has adopted the new measure. 國會通過了新的議案。 歸納整理： 題練落實： 1. The

32、old couple decided to _______ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own. A. adapt B. bring C. receive D. adopt 2.The poor mother, who had been ill in bed, had to have her little son _____ at his uncle's. A. adapted B. adopted C. adjusted D. applied 3. This teaching meth

33、od is being ____ in several schools to help children with disability obtain higher education. A. attended B. adopted C. adapted D. admitted 聯(lián)想拓寬：adopt 與 adapt 1) adopt vt.采取,采用;收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng);正式通過;接受 adopt (vt. )-adopted (adj. )-adoption (n. ) 2) adapt vt.使適應(yīng),使適合;修改,改編vi.適應(yīng)(to) ada

34、pt (n. )-adaptable (adj. )-adaptation (n. ) 3) adapt sth. for sth. 改變某事物以便在不同情況下運用 adapt to適應(yīng) All his suggestions have been adopted. 他所有的建議全部被采納了。 an adopted child養(yǎng)子(女) The number of adoptions has risen in the past year. 在過去的一年,收養(yǎng)子女的數(shù)目增加了。 adoption n.收養(yǎng);領(lǐng)養(yǎng);采用;推選 adoptive adj.收養(yǎng)的;有收養(yǎng)關(guān)系的

35、adopted adj.收養(yǎng)的,領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的 adopt one's method of teaching 接受某人的教學(xué)方法 adopt an idea采納意見 adopt a report接受報告 adopt a child收養(yǎng)孩子 Third period Reading strategies: Understanding scientific terms When reading articles about science, we often come across difficult scientific terms. We have to work ou

36、t their meaning in order to understand the text as a whole. Begin by reading the first and last paragraphs for an idea of what the article is about. Then, scan the body of the article. Circle any words you do not know. Question things you do not understand or that do not appear to make sense. Finall

37、y, read through the article a few times. You will often be amazed to discover that what confused you at first makes sense upon further readings. 2011年江西卷D篇 Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits

38、? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked. Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因構(gòu)成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and

39、 on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible. Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers i

40、n surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects. Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潛在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they w

41、ill perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including im

42、provements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副產(chǎn)品) of technological developments in the space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While many resources are spent on wh

43、at seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but know

44、ledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle woul

45、d be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. 71. Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1? A. To express his doubts. B. To compare different ideas. C. To introduce points for discussion. D. To describe the conditions on Ea

46、rth. 72. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2? A. Humans are nature-born to do so. B. Humans have the tendency to fight. C. Humans may find new sources of food. D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place. 73. The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refe

47、rs to______. A. survival chances B. potential resources C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions 74. What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets? A. Our genetic makeup. B. Resources on the earth.. C. The adaptive ability of humans. D. By-products in space explo

48、ration. 75. Which of the statements can best sum up the passage? A. Space exploration has created many wonders. B. Space exploration provided the best value for money. C. Space exploration can benefit science and technology. D. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth. 2

49、011年廣東卷B篇 Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if t

50、hey are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. However, it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There wa

51、s a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing

52、 the same signals submission. In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each other’s language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk ‘dog’, and dogs can learn how to talk ‘Cat’. What’s interesting is that bo

53、th cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than was preciously suspected. Once familiar with each other’s presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other

54、 nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together in the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom(梳理) each other. The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets----to people who don’t get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world s

55、uperpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance. 31. The underlined word swimmingly in paragraph1 is closest in meaning to______. A. early B. sweetly C. quickly D. smoothly 32. Some cats and dogs may fight when _________. A. they are cold to each

56、 other B. they look away from each other C. they misunderstand each other’s signals D. they are introduced at an early age 33. What is found surprising about cats and dogs? A. They eat and sleep together B. They observe each other’s behaviors C. They learn to speak each other’s language

57、 D. They know something from each other’s voice 34. It is suggested in paragraph 4 that cats and dogs_______. A. have common interests B. are less different than was thought C. have a common body language D. are less intelligent than was expected 35. What can we human beings learn from c

58、ats and dogs? A. We should learn to live in harmony B. We should knows more about animals C. We should live in peace with animals D. We should learn more body languages Forth period Project 1: Man versus nature For a long time, our environment has been damaged because hu

59、mans have been careless. People have harmed nature through agriculture, fishing, hunting and tourism. We further damage Earth by building new channels in the sea and factories on the land, and by creating pollution with chemical waste. We will some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in

60、 this way. However, if we focus only on conservation, then people may suffer. Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favor of nature? From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, usi

61、ng nature to meet our own needs. Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe, unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all. After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources, many developed nations are now concerned about s

62、aving nature rather than developing or destroying it. However, many poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people. In doing so, they are using up natural resources at a fast pace. They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy na

63、tions have. Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad for the environment. Should they be blamed for destroying hundreds of thousands of acres of rainforest if it means a better income for their people? The developed and developing countries of the world need to work together to m

64、ake sure that people enjoy healthy and happy lives, without the environment around them suffering. It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing. Humans can only really win by protecting nature. After all, food has to be produced in a healthy, natural system, and we all need clea

65、n air to breathe and pure water to drink. It is mankind's responsibility to find answers that are good for everyone, and everything. Project 2: GM food: hope or danger? In recent years, there has been great progress in the study of genetics. With this progress, doors have been

66、 opened up to technologies that never existed before. While many people are excited about these new technologies, these same technologies frighten others. Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food. There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified. First, new material can be inserted into its DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which it would never have in nature. Second, material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order t