《備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過 考點(diǎn)15 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含解析）》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《備戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)一遍過 考點(diǎn)15 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（含解析）（21頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、考點(diǎn)15非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 高考頻度：★★★★★ 【命題解讀】 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞用法中最為復(fù)雜的部分之一，它不僅有時(shí)態(tài)的變化、語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同，而且還要格外注意其所表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系，這些都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法的難點(diǎn)。 近年來(lái)，高考對(duì)該語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象的滲透日趨明顯和突出，所牽扯到的焦點(diǎn)問題主要有：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞句法功能；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用法的區(qū)別和辨析；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)及其構(gòu)成；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在上下文中的聯(lián)系和紐帶作用等。 另外，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；對(duì)于動(dòng)名詞主要考查在一些動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)的用法

2、等。 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】 預(yù)測(cè)2020年高考非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍將是考查的重點(diǎn)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)中考查的份額很重。 【復(fù)習(xí)建議】 1. 掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法和含義； 2. 掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)； 3. 掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能； 4. 掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在不同的語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)意下的運(yùn)用。 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和意義 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 意義 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 不定式的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生 進(jìn)行式 to be doing 不定式的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 完成式 to

3、have done to have been done 不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前 現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞 一般式 doing being done 其表示的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或基本上同時(shí)發(fā)生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的動(dòng)作先于句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生 過去 分詞 done 與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成 考向一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ) 1．不定式作狀語(yǔ) (1)作目的狀語(yǔ)。注意其他非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不能用作目的狀語(yǔ)。 ?To keep themselves awake they s

4、at on the floor and told each other stories. 為了不至于睡著，他們坐在地板上輪流著講故事。 (2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，經(jīng)常與only連用。 ?We hurried to the station，only to be told that the train had left. 我們急匆匆趕到車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已開走了。 (3)作原因狀語(yǔ) ①形容詞或過去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)。常見詞有：happy，lucky，sorry，proud，disappointed，surprised，ready，delighted，c

5、lever，foolish，pleased等。 ?We’re proud to be young people of China. 作為中國(guó)青年我們感到自豪。 ②在“主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)(形容詞)＋to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 ?The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 這把椅子坐上去很舒服。 1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）__________ the c

6、onvenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy 【參考答案】A 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：為了享受數(shù)字支付的方便，很多老年市民開始使用智能手機(jī)。故選A。 2.（2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空） You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. 【參考答案】to s

7、ee 【答案解析】考查不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。你不必跑地太快或時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填to see。 3.(2017·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________. A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught 【參考答案】C　 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主語(yǔ)I與catch是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且catch動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，因此需用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含

8、義，作train的定語(yǔ)。句意：整個(gè)會(huì)議期間，我一直在看表，因?yàn)槲乙s一班火車。 【解題技巧】 動(dòng)詞的不定式用法口訣： 不定式有標(biāo)記，to與動(dòng)詞連一起。 　　沒有人稱數(shù)變化，動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備。 　　主賓定狀表補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，唯獨(dú)作謂不可以。 　　not 加上不定式，否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。 　　疑問詞與不定式，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)有意義。 　　仔細(xì)推敲多思考，準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)。 2．分詞作狀語(yǔ)(表時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨、讓步等) (1)作狀語(yǔ)的分詞要求其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 ?Satisfied with what he did，the teacher p

9、raised him in class. 由于老師對(duì)他所做的事情很滿意，于是在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。 (2)若現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式(having done)。 ?Having cleaned the desks，we began reading. 擦完桌子后，我們便開始看書。 (3)若與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式(having been done)。 ?Having been shown the classrooms，we were taken to see the library. 我們

10、被領(lǐng)著看了教室后，又被帶去看圖書館。 (4)如句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，則要用過去分詞(done)。 ?Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful. 從山頂上看，這座城市很漂亮。 (5)如句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，就用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)。 ?Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful. 從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。 1.（2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)）All the foo

11、tball players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 【參考答案】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句句意：操場(chǎng)上所有的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員大聲歡呼，說(shuō)我有足球天賦。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為cheered，say在這里作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。與主語(yǔ)players是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故將say改為saying。 2. (2018·江蘇卷·

12、單項(xiàng)填空)Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period, _______the?expected?number of 12,000 held?by market?analysts. A. having?exceeded B. to?exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding 【答案】D 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在這期間，大約創(chuàng)造13,500個(gè)新的工作，超過市場(chǎng)分析師持有的12,000的預(yù)期數(shù)量。分析全句可知，這里指前一件事情所帶來(lái)自然而然的結(jié)果，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

13、。故選D。 3.(2017·天津卷) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated. A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed 【參考答案】B　 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！搬t(yī)院引進(jìn)新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備”和“更多的病人得到治療”之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系，因此用v.-ing形式。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，故選B項(xiàng)。句意：醫(yī)院最近引進(jìn)了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備

14、，從而使更多的病人得到治療。 考向二　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ) 1．下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣 決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。 decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish; refuse，manage，care，pretend; offer，promise，choose，plan; agree，ask/beg，help。 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。 ?She pretended not to see me when I

15、passed by. 當(dāng)我經(jīng)過時(shí)，她假裝沒看見我。 2．有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) 【巧學(xué)妙記】巧記動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)名詞的口訣：? 避免錯(cuò)過少延期，?建議完成多練習(xí)，? 喜歡想象禁不住，承認(rèn)否定與妒忌，? 逃脫冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒，忍受保持不在意。?? avoid, miss, delay,??suggest, finish, practice, enjoy, imagine, resist, admit, deny?, envy, ?escape, risk, pardon, ?stand, keep, mind ?I would appreciate

16、 your calling back this afternoon. 今天下午如果你能給我回電話，我將非常感激。 3．下列短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞詞組后也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，stick to，object to， ?He has accustomed to living the small village. 他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了住在這個(gè)小鄉(xiāng)村。 ?We are looking forward to coming to China. 我們期待著來(lái)中國(guó)。 4．下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有

17、區(qū)別，要特別注意 ?I didn’t mean to hurt you.我本無(wú)意傷害你。 ?Doing morning exercises means getting up early. 做早操意味著早起床。 1.（2019·浙江卷·語(yǔ)法填空）But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. 【參考答案】to wear 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：但是，有一些學(xué)生不想穿學(xué)生服。want to do sth想要做某事，這里是動(dòng)詞不定式作to的賓語(yǔ)。故填to wear。 2.（2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·

18、語(yǔ)法填空）Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,… 【參考答案】noting 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知，此處用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式，故填noting。 3. （2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.

19、 【參考答案】 dying 【答案解析】你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重，但仍然通過跑步會(huì)減少早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此處of是介詞，其后用動(dòng)名詞。故填dying。 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked 【參考答案】A

20、【答案解析】句意：在獲得奧斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict繼續(xù)感謝所有幫助她演繹生涯的人。go on to do繼續(xù)做不同的事情，所以選A。 考向三　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ) 1．感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)see，watch，observe，look at，notice，hear，listen to，feel的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有四種形式，以see為例： ?I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看見他幾分鐘前離開了。 ?To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English spok

21、en as much as possible. 為了學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，我們應(yīng)該盡可能多地找機(jī)會(huì)聽英語(yǔ)。 2．使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have，get后加復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的情況 The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那個(gè)老師提高了嗓門以便別人能聽到他。 ?Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. 讓那些需要(幫助)的人明白我們會(huì)盡全力去幫他們。 ?He had the fire burning all night.

22、他讓火燃燒了一夜。 ?He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.他試圖使他的工作在醫(yī)學(xué)界被認(rèn)可。 1.(2018·新課標(biāo)III卷·語(yǔ)法填空)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch. 【參考答案】 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處allow sb to do允許某人做某事，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，應(yīng)該用to stay。 2. (2018·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空) I need a new passport

23、 so I will have to have my photographs___________. A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take 【參考答案】B 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照，所以我將不得不拍照片。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)my photograph與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。C項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行。故選B。 3.Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _____

24、live is quite another. A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed 【參考答案】D 【答案解析】句意：在家里面聽音樂是一回事，去到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing 表聽到某人/某物做某事。由于音樂是被演奏的，所以需要被動(dòng)，所以選D。 考向四　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ) 1．現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。 ?A young teacher teachi

25、ng English came to apply for the position. 一位教英語(yǔ)的年輕老師來(lái)申請(qǐng)這個(gè)工作崗位。 2．過去分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和完成。 ?Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 建于1911年的清華大學(xué)是無(wú)數(shù)杰出人物的搖籃。 3．不定式作定語(yǔ)表示未做的事情。 ?The question to be discussed at the meeting is very impor

26、tant.將在會(huì)議上討論的那個(gè)問題非常重要。 1.（2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 【參考答案】to retire 【答案解析】考查不定式作定語(yǔ)。此處用to do sth做后置定語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“……的計(jì)劃”，故填to retire。 2.（2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空

27、）When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke. 【參考答案】saying 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語(yǔ)從句可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語(yǔ)，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容，call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填saying。 3.(2017·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空) Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ with his students. A. to spen

28、d B. spend C. spending D. spent 【參考答案】D　 【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________ with his students是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，且“時(shí)光”是被度過，而且這里指的是“已經(jīng)被度過的時(shí)光”， 故選 D 。句意：吉姆已經(jīng)退休了， 但他仍然記得跟學(xué)生們一起度過的快樂時(shí)光。 考向五　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ) 1．不定式、動(dòng)名詞都可作主語(yǔ)，但動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常的行為；不定式多表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。 ?Eating

29、too much chocolate is bad for your teeth. 吃太多的巧克力對(duì)你的牙齒有害。 ?To complete that building in ten months was a great achievement. 那座樓10個(gè)月就蓋成是一個(gè)了不起的成就。 2．動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征；不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 ?Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作是演奏各種各樣的音樂。 ?His ambition is to go to Harvard Univer

30、sity. 他的夢(mèng)想就是上哈佛大學(xué)。 3．下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)： ?It’s no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行動(dòng)只是抱怨是沒有用的。 (2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空） _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 【答案】B 【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：沿著

31、絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主語(yǔ)，要用動(dòng)名詞，故B選項(xiàng)正確。 考向六　獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩部分，一部分事名詞或代詞（主格），起著邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用；另一部分由形容詞、副詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等構(gòu)成，表示前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。 1. 名詞/代詞+形容詞 ?I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我聽說(shuō)她在這次事故中受了傷，內(nèi)心充滿擔(dān)憂。 ?He stood sil

32、ent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下，門開著，他默默地站在那。 2. 名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ?Winter coming ，it gets colder and colder. 冬天來(lái)了，天氣越來(lái)越冷了。 ?The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散散步。 3. 名詞/代詞+過去分詞 ?More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果給我們更多時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做的更好。 ?The boy stood the

33、re , his right hand raised. 那個(gè)男生站在那里，右手高舉。 4. 名詞/代詞（主格）+不定式 ?Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month. ?這是前倆卷，第三卷將于下雨問世。 ?The two boy said good-bye to each other ,one to go home ,the other to go to his friend\s 倆個(gè)男孩彼此道了別，一個(gè)回了家，另一個(gè)去了他朋友家。 5. 名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ) ?The huntsma

34、n entered the forest ,gun in hand. 那個(gè)獵人手里提著槍走進(jìn)了樹林。 注意：這里 gun in hand 還可以說(shuō)成 with a gun in hand。 但不可以說(shuō) a gun in hand 或 gun in his hand。 6. 名詞/代詞+副詞 ?Nobody in ,the thief took a lot of things away. 由于沒有人，小偷拿走了許多東西。 ?Lunch over ,he left the house .But he was thinking.午飯結(jié)束，他離開了路。但他還在考慮。 7. 名詞/代詞+名詞

35、 ?He fought the wolf ,a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗著，唯一的為武器是一根棍棒。 8. with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 它的構(gòu)成是：“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”。賓語(yǔ)由代詞、名詞、名詞詞組充當(dāng)，賓語(yǔ)由分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞等充當(dāng)。 ?Holms and Watson sat with the light on for half an hour. 福爾摩斯和沃森坐著，讓燈亮了半個(gè)小時(shí)。（介詞短語(yǔ)） ?He used to sleep with the door open . 他過去常開著門睡覺 （形容詞） ?With a

36、 boy leading the way ,they started towards the village. 由一個(gè)小男孩領(lǐng)著路，他們朝那個(gè)村子去了。（現(xiàn)在分詞） ?With the work done ,he went home. 工作做完后，他回了家。（過去分詞） ?With you to help us, we will finish the task in time 有你來(lái)幫忙，我們將會(huì)及時(shí)完成任務(wù)。（不定式） ?Hong Kong looks more beautiful with thou-sands of lights on night . 夜里，香港萬(wàn)盞燈火，分

37、外美麗。（副詞） 從以上例句可以看出：在with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。當(dāng)這種主謂關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是，用現(xiàn)代分詞：當(dāng)這種主謂關(guān)系表現(xiàn)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是，用過去分詞：當(dāng)這種主謂關(guān)系表示將來(lái)意義是，用不定時(shí)：當(dāng)這種主謂關(guān)系辨識(shí)伴隨意義時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞或副詞。 二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法 它表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。 1. 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ?The work done(=After the work had been done) , we went home. 工作完成后，我們才回家。 2. 作條件狀語(yǔ) ?Weather

38、permitting(＝If weather permits) , they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱小游。 3. 作原因狀語(yǔ) ?An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因?yàn)槊魈煲l(fā)表一個(gè)重要的演講，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 4. 作伴隨狀

39、語(yǔ) ?He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head) . 他躺在草地上，兩手交叉枕在腦后。 5. 表補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 ?A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold) . 一個(gè)獵人走了進(jìn)來(lái)，他的臉凍得通紅。 注：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)表示時(shí)間、條件或原因時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，一般放在句首，表示原因時(shí)還可放在句末；表伴隨狀況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)，相

40、當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，通常放于句末。 Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending 【參考答案】C 【答案解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：上班族們坐在辦工座前太久，一般會(huì)受到健康問題的困擾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和后面主句的主語(yǔ)不一致，應(yīng)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞主語(yǔ)和分

41、詞動(dòng)作之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且動(dòng)作已完成，故用過去分詞。故選C項(xiàng)。 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) I.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused ________ (stop)until we reached the next stop. 2.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ________ (thank) all the people

42、who had helped in her career. 3.I got to the office earlier that day，________ (catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington. 4.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave. 5.________ (catch)the early flight，we o

43、rdered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 6.One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about ________ (be)late for school. 7.It took years of work ________ (reduce)the industrial pollution and clean the water. 9.Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ________ (use)the sun and

44、the stars. 9.Keep ________ (hold)your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility. 10. ________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star. 題組二 能力提升 I．單項(xiàng)填空 1.The number of Internet users in China ________hit 604 million b

45、y the end of September in 2013, with mobile phones ________the favored means of accessing the Web. A. had; becoming B. have; became C. has; to become D. have; becomes 2.Most of her spare time ________, she still kept on her research in the library. A. occupied B. had been oc

46、cupied C.to be occupied D. was occupied 3.Many people are believed ________their homes in the past month as a result of the flood. A.to leave B.to have left C.to be leaving D.to be left 4.________of risk in the street at night, the girl had to go home, with a friend accom

47、panying her. A. Warning B. Having warned C. Having been warned D. to be warned 5.When ________about the reason for winning the prize, the girl owed the success to her teachers. A. asked B. asking C. being asked D. having asked 6.She suggested several ideas to h

48、elp him keep the children__________. A. being entertained B.to entertain C. entertained D.to be entertained 7.A Chinese passenger was among people ________when a Mozambique Airlines plane crashed in a national park in northeastern Namibia ________all on board. A. killing; to kill

49、 B. killed; killed C. having killed; killing D. killed; killing 8.The lake water is polluted by chemicals from the factory, and the water is not fit ________any longer. A.to be drunk B. being drunk C.to drink it D.to drink 9.The soldier narrowly escaped ________in the

50、fierce battle. A. have killed B. killing C.to be killed D. being killed 10.Your father died when you were very young, ________me with the full burden of bringing you up. A.to leave B. left C. leaving D. being left II．語(yǔ)法填空 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Last

51、 October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 1 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 2 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding rin

52、g. Pahlsson screamed 3 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt 4 (I),＂says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 5 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 6 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that

53、 one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 7 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her h

54、usband now think the ring probably got 8 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 9 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長(zhǎng)) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 10 wonder. 題組三 體驗(yàn)真題 1.（2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空】Modem methods ___of__ t

55、racking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. 2. （2019·北京卷·語(yǔ)法填空）Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”. 3.（2018·天津卷） I didn't m

56、ean ________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it. A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying 4.(2017·江蘇) Many Chinese brands, ________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.

57、A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing 5.（2016 ? 北京）________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make 6.（2016 ? 北京） Newly-built wooden cottages

58、 line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland. A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned 7.（2016·江蘇）To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _________in Australia in 2012. A.having conducted B.to be conducted

59、 C.conducting D.conducted 8.(2016·北京)______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered 9.(2016·江蘇)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message _____

60、___within the work. A.to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden 10.（2016 ? 天津）The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ________ air conditioning unnecessary. A. making B. to make C. made D. being made 題組一 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)

61、 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.to stop　 2.to thank 3.having caught 4.wondering　 5.To catch　 6.being　 7.to reduce　 8.using　 9.holding　 10.Raised　 題組二 能力提升 I．單項(xiàng)填空 1.A 【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。由句中的"by the end of September of this year"可知謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用had，表示"過去的過去"。第二空處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"with+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)"。become與"mobile phon

62、es"之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式becoming。 2.A 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：她的大部分時(shí)間都被占了，她仍然堅(jiān)持在圖書館里從事研究工作。空格后為句子，且題干中沒有連詞，由此可知此處是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，可排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。由句意可知，此處不表示將來(lái)的行為，故選A。 3.B 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：人們認(rèn)為，由于洪災(zāi)，在過去的一個(gè)月里很多人離開家園。be believed to do"人們認(rèn)為"，該短語(yǔ)中的不定式可根據(jù)需要采用不同的形式。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式的完成式表示該動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生。 4.C 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式。句意：由于已經(jīng)

63、被警告過夜晚街上的危險(xiǎn)，那個(gè)女孩不得不讓一個(gè)朋友陪著她回家。動(dòng)詞warn與其邏輯主語(yǔ)the girl是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)，由于"被提醒"這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在"回家"這一動(dòng)作之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式。故選C。 5.A 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)被問及獲獎(jiǎng)的原因時(shí)，這個(gè)女孩把成功歸功于她的老師們。When后面的句子補(bǔ)充完整是"When she was asked"，按照狀語(yǔ)從句的省略原則，省略主語(yǔ)she和be動(dòng)詞，所以選A項(xiàng)。 6.C 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。句意：她出了幾個(gè)主意幫助他逗孩子們開心。"keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足

64、語(yǔ)一般用其現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞形式，故排除B和D;being entertained"正在被娛樂"，與句意不符，故排除A。"keep+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語(yǔ)children與entertain為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故選C。? 7.D 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。第一空用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)；第二空用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。句意：一架莫桑比克航空公司的客機(jī)在納米比亞東北地區(qū)的一個(gè)國(guó)家公園里墜毀時(shí)，機(jī)上全部人員遇難，其中有一位中國(guó)籍乘客。? 8.D 【解析】形容詞fit后跟不定式結(jié)構(gòu)要求用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，注意drink后不再跟賓語(yǔ)it。故選D。 9.D 【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：

65、那位士兵差一點(diǎn)在激烈的戰(zhàn)斗中陣亡。escape后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，"The soldier"與動(dòng)詞kill之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選D項(xiàng)。? 10.C 【解析】根據(jù)逗號(hào)及逗號(hào)后無(wú)連詞可知此處應(yīng)作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)father與leave之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞表示合乎邏輯的結(jié)果。故選C。句意：你父親在你很小的時(shí)候就去世了，留下我一個(gè)人承擔(dān)撫養(yǎng)你的全部責(zé)任。 II．語(yǔ)法填空 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Lena Pahlsson在花園里拔胡蘿卜時(shí)，找到了丟失已久的結(jié)婚戒指的故事。 1. carrots 【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)＂a handful of ＂可知要用carr

66、ot的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填carrots。 2. shiny/shining 【解析】考查形容詞。a為冠詞，object為名詞，橫線處應(yīng)填寫形容詞。故填shiny或shining。 3. so 【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)空后的＂loudly that her daughter came running from the house＂可知這里為so…that結(jié)構(gòu)，意為＂如此……以至于＂，故填so。 4. myself 【解析】考查代詞。主語(yǔ)為I，橫線處為賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知這里指她以為＂我＂弄傷了自己。故填myself。 5. earlier 【解析】考查形容詞。這里指早在十六年前，故填earlier。 6. to cook 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。一個(gè)句子不能出現(xiàn)雙重謂語(yǔ)，所以此處要用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to cook。 7. searched 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)＂but turned up nothing＂可知這里是敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，要用一般過去時(shí)，故填searched。 8. swept 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。ring與sweep之間是被動(dòng)