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1、Unit 8 Adventure 課時練1　閱讀理解提速練 [學(xué)生用書P268(單獨成冊)] 閱讀理解 A (2019·福州畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Known as “The Man with the Golden Arm”，nearly every week for the past 60 years，James Harrison has donated blood plasma(血漿) from his right arm. The reasons can date back to a serious medical procedure. “When I was 14，I ha

2、d a chest operation，”recalls Harrison，who is now aged 80.“My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unknown people. So I said when I’m old enough，I’ll become a blood donor.” Soon after Harrison became a donor，doctors called him in. His blood，they said，could be th

3、e answer to a deadly problem. “In Australia，up until about 1967，there were about thousands of babies dying each year because of the rhesus disease(恒河猴溶血病)，”explains Jemma Falkenmire，of the Australian Red Cross Blood Service. Harrison was discovered to have an unusual antibody(抗體) in his blood and

4、in the 1960s he worked with doctors to use the antibodies to develop an injection(注射)called Anti-D which can prevent this disease. Harrison’s blood is precious. Every batch of Anti-D that has ever been made in Australia has come from Harrison’s blood. He and Anti-D are credited with saving the live

5、s of more than 2 million babies，according to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service：That’s about 2 million lives saved by one man’s blood. Harrison is considered a national hero，and has won numerous awards. He has now donated his plasma more than 1，000 times，but no matter how many times he’s given

6、blood there’s one thing that will never change：“I look at the ceiling or the nurses，maybe talk to them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm. I can’t stand the sight of blood，and I can’t stand pain，”he says. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了James Harrison用自己的血液挽救了超過兩百萬名嬰兒生命的故事。 1．What w

7、as the main reason for Harrison’s becoming a blood donor? A．He has a golden arm. B．He has precious blood plasma. C．His father encouraged him to help others. D．Donated blood once made him survive. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“My father said I had received 13 units of blood and my life had been saved by unk

8、nown people. So I said when I’m old enough，I’ll become a blood donor.”可知，Harrison知道他的生命是被不相識的人救的，所以長大后要做一個獻血者。故D項正確。 2．Why is James’ blood precious? A．James has the Anti-D in his blood. B．His blood is more useful in treating the rhesus disease. C．James’ blood is the main source of Anti-D in Aust

9、ralia. D．James has donated more plasma than other donators. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第一、二句可知，Harrison的血液寶貴的原因是他的血液是澳大利亞Anti-D的主要來源，故C項正確。 3．How does Harrison feel when donating his plasma? A．Nervous. B．Relaxed. C．Anxious. D．Excited. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“I look at the ceiling or the nurses，maybe talk t

10、o them a bit, but never once have I watched the needle go in my arm.”可知，在獻血時他看著天花板或者護士，也許跟護士聊一聊，但從來不看針扎進手臂。據(jù)此可以判斷，他在獻血時很緊張，故A項正確。 B (2019·廣州調(diào)研測試)Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads，but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be us

11、ed for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the U．S. That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020. One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”—drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across nation

12、al road systems，the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. That said，charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the U．S.A. Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago，electric cars

13、 were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times，performance and price，the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics. Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for

14、their money. As well as advancements on the road，electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies. Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel，having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took ov

15、er. Now，the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric air travel are also being made，with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a realit

16、y. Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the U．S. to act on the study’s findings and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles，it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However，because of the production processes and the generation of electricity req

17、uired to charge these vehicles，they cannot claim to be completely emission-free. That said，as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources，electric vehicles will become even cleaner. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了汽油車和柴油車將逐步被電動汽車代替以及電動交通工具在未來的發(fā)展。 4．Which is the best title for

18、this passage? A．My Dream Car B．History of Electric Cars C．Problems with Petrol Cars D．Driving into the Future D　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了汽油車和柴油車將逐步被電動汽車代替以及電動交通工具在未來的發(fā)展。D項“駛向未來”形象地概括了文章的主旨，故選D項。 5．As used in Paragraph 2，the underlined word “hurdle” means“________”． A．a(chǎn)im B．barrier C．consequen

19、ce D．step B　解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey”可知，司機擔(dān)心在路上沒電的問題。因此，這是電動汽車普及的一個障礙，故選B項。 6．In the past，why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars? A．They were not good value. B．They were very poorly made. C．They were not widely promoted. D．They co

20、uldn’t travel at a high speed. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away.”可知，人們是被當(dāng)時這種電動汽車的價格嚇跑的；根據(jù)該段中的“Thanks to...to persuade critics.”可知，隨著電池容量、可充電次數(shù)的增加、汽車性能的改善和價格的優(yōu)化，這一代電動汽車已經(jīng)開始吸引消費者購買了。這說明以前的電動汽車在各方面還不夠完善，人們認(rèn)為不值那個價錢

21、。故選A項。 7．What is the function of Paragraph 4? A．To introduce the history of electric travel. B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars. C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars. D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used. D　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的“electric ve

22、hicles are taking to the seas and skies”可知，除了在公路上，其他地方也可以使用電動交通工具。故選D項。 C (2019·洛陽尖子生聯(lián)考)I love to read before I go to sleep. It usually makes me feel calm. But a big part of this depends on what I read. I love to read The Broons and Oor Wullie. Very often I’m smiling before I go to sleep. I dec

23、ide to write about this in a blog because I find that so many of us go to sleep with stress. Before we go to sleep, we may run over the day in our minds, and worry about tomorrow. We also may watch the news on TV, read the news on our smart phones or tablets, or even answer work emails. But the news

24、 is rarely proclaiming(宣告) all the good that’s happening in the world and work emails make us feel that we’re still at work. All these things may leave us a stressful sleep. The Broons and Oor Wullie is not the only thing I ever read at night. I sometimes read novels but, with the odd exception, I

25、mostly avoid anything that is too mentally taxing or stimulating late at night unless it’s something that inspires me or is clearly helpful in my life. And even if I do read something mentally stimulating, when I feel myself getting tired I lay that book down and pick up a trusty old The Broons and

26、 Oor Wullie for the last 10 or 15 minutes. Doing this makes my mind quiet and helps ensure I get a peaceful night’s sleep. Reading about Wullie or Maw and Paw Broon is like a comfort blanket for me. I’d suggest you find light-hearted reading as a comfort blanket at bedtime, especially if you find y

27、ourself stressed or depressed a lot of the time, or if you find difficulty winding at the end of a day. It is the thing that can gently turn your attention towards lightness and ease. If your material makes you laugh, then you may feel even better. Several studies show that laughter boosts happy ch

28、emicals in the brain and strengthens the immune system. Laughter is good for the heart, and it is most definitely good for mental health. It even helps us improve our relationships. And if you do happen to pick up a copy of The Broons and Oor Wullie, I hope you find it just as entertaining as I do.

29、 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過敘述自己睡前的一些閱讀習(xí)慣，告訴人們?nèi)绾螠p少睡前的壓力以及睡前保持好心情的重要性。 8．What can we learn about The Broons and Oor Wullie? A．It makes people run over the past days. B．It is the best book to be read before people sleep. C．It is extremely popular with young people. D．It makes people feel relaxed and

30、happy. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I love to read The Broons and Oor Wullie. Very often I’m smiling before I go to sleep.”可知The Broons and Oor Wullie這本書會使人們感到放松和快樂。 9．What can we know from the text? A．The Broons and Oor Wullie is the author’s favorite book. B．A comfortable blanket makes people go to slee

31、p easily. C．The author sometimes reads something about inspirations. D．Reading something stimulating at night helps get a peaceful sleep. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“I mostly avoid anything that is too mentally taxing or stimulating late at night unless it’s something that inspires me or is clearly he

32、lpful in my life”可推知，作者有時候會閱讀一些鼓舞人心的書。 10．What is Paragraph 6 mainly about? A．What material brings us laughter. B．How laughter affects our health. C．What benefits laughter brings to us. D．Why laughter is good for us. C　解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第六段第一句“If your material makes you laugh, then you may feel even

33、better.”及該段的描述可知，該段的主題是笑帶給我們的好處。 11．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To show the importance of reading before sleeping. B．To prove the importance of a good mood before sleeping. C．To tell us how to make ourselves stay relaxed before sleeping. D．To explain how to choose a book worthy to be

34、 read before sleeping. B　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段中的“I love to read before I go to sleep. It usually makes me feel calm.”及第四段第二句“Doing this makes my mind quiet and helps ensure I get a peaceful night’s sleep.”可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是證明睡前有一個好心情的重要性。 D (2019·合肥質(zhì)檢)Cycling is well known to improve individual health and

35、 fitness; it also benefits the wider population in terms of economy, transport and environment. The E．U. promotes cycling via many measures primarily to achieve sustainable(可持續(xù)的) clean and energy-efficient transport systems. However, despite the fact that the benefits outweigh the risks by 20∶1, man

36、y consider the risks too great and that the fear of danger on the road needs to be handled. Cycle lanes(車道) have been used to improve cyclists’ safety and encourage more cyclists onto the road. This research in transport aims to study the effect of cycle lanes on cyclists’ safety where passing space

37、 given by overtaking(超車) vehicles is concerned. In this study, the authors used a bicycle equipped with cameras to record vehicle overtaking in varying road situations to determine whether cycle lanes, color block cycle lanes or no cycle lanes affect passing distances and cyclists’ safety. Their 3

38、comparisons measuring vehicle passing widths found greater overall distances given with a cycle lane than without. Color block vs. uncolored cycle lanes showed little or no difference, as did no cycle lanes vs. color block cycle lanes. Color block lanes had a slight negative effect suggesting that d

39、rivers are more careful when cycle lanes have less definition(清晰度)． Interestingly, the authors conclude that other factors have a far greater effect on cyclists’ safety than presence or absence of cycle lanes. Road width, parking, opposite vehicle flow and speed were key influences on decreased pas

40、sing widths. The authors also note that driver behaviour is a hugely important factor and urge more research in this area.“In order to reduce risks and encourage more cycling, reducing and calming the existing motorised traffic must be explored first.” They suggest，“Lane width is the most significan

41、t variable(變量) to achieve a sufficient vehicle passing distance. The narrow cycle lanes (<2m) may be not enough. Reconsideration of the entire road design and further exploration of driver behavioural factors are required.” 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要講述了為了實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)的清潔和節(jié)能的交通系統(tǒng)，歐盟大力推廣使用自行車，并指出在自行車的推廣過程中要解決安全的問題。 12．Wha

42、t is the main purpose of the E．U.’s promoting cycling? A．To reduce air pollution. B．To build better transport systems. C．To improve people’s health. D．To help people save money on transport. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“The E．U. promotes cycling via many measures primarily to achieve sustainable(可持續(xù)的) c

43、lean and energy-efficient transport systems.”可知，歐盟通過多種途徑推廣使用自行車主要是為了建立可持續(xù)的清潔和節(jié)能的交通系統(tǒng)，故B項正確。 13．According to the study, color block lanes may________． A．make drivers a bit careless B．cause no overtaking C．get cyclists to feel safer D．lead to greater passing distances A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Color

44、block lanes had a slight negative effect suggesting that drivers are more careful when cycle lanes have less definition(清晰度)．”可知，彩色車道有輕微的負(fù)面效應(yīng)，當(dāng)自行車車道清晰度較低時駕駛員要更小心。據(jù)此可以判斷，彩色車道會使駕駛員變得粗心，故A項正確。 14．In the researchers’ eyes, the first step to encourage more cycling is to________． A．redesign and rebuild

45、the roads in a city B．do more research in public bicycle programs C．restrict the number of vehicles running on the road D．make strict traffic rules to control driver behaviour C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“In order to reduce risks and encourage more cycling, reducing and calming the existing motorised traf

46、fic must be explored first.”可知，為了降低風(fēng)險，鼓勵更多地使用自行車，首先要減少現(xiàn)有的機動車輛，即控制路上的機動車的數(shù)量，故C項正確。 15．The authors of the research think that drivers’ behaviour________．　 A．needs further exploration B．is an unimportant factor C．makes cycle lanes narrower D．is the most significant variable A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Rec

47、onsideration of the entire road design and further exploration of driver behavioural factors are required”可知，需要對駕駛員的行為因素做進一步探索，故A項正確。 七選五 (2019·蘭州高三診斷)What is friendship? The answers may be different. 1.________. We cannot live without friendship just as we cannot live without air and water. Fri

48、endship gives us a feeling of safety and warmth, and friendship encourages us to go ahead all the time. 2．________. When we feel happy, we can share our happiness with friends. When we feel down, friends will comfort us. If we are overconfident, our friends can persuade us, and they can make us con

49、fident and brave when we are discouraged. Friendship is valuable. It can touch your heart and give you hope. Many people are proud of having a good friend. 3.________. If you help your friends for no reason but simply because they are your friends, this means that you regard your friends as yoursel

50、f. This is true friendship. In fact, friendship isn’t always easily kept. 4.________， you should treat him or her like you want to be treated. Keep the secrets that your friend tells you. Keep your promise with your friend. Share things with your friend. Stick up for your friend. We should try our

51、best to protect the friendship from being hurt. As an old saying goes，“Friendship cannot stand always on one side.” True friendship should be able to stand all kinds of tests. Because of friendship, our lives are full of happiness. Therefore, the more friends we have, the more pleasure we can share

52、 with them. Let’s say “Thank you” to our friends for their love and care. 5.________， never forget to keep the beautiful friendship! A．When you want to keep a friend B．If not, their friendship still cannot last long C．No matter where we go or who we become D．Everyone needs friends and is eager t

53、o get friendship E．True friendship must be sincere and must not have conditions F．But one thing is clear that friendship is the most important thing in our life G．Sometimes people have good friends when they are young and studying in school 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是友誼以及友誼的特點。 1．F　解析：上文提到“友誼是什么

54、？答案可能是不同的”，F(xiàn)項“但是有一點很清楚，友誼是我們生活中最重要的東西”與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再聯(lián)系下文可知，應(yīng)選F。 2．D　解析：D項“每個人都需要朋友，渴望得到友誼”是對下文“當(dāng)我們感到快樂時，我們可以與朋友分享我們的幸福；當(dāng)我們感到沮喪時，朋友會安慰我們……”的具體描述，故選D。 3．E　解析：E項中的“True friendship”與下文中的“true friendship”相照應(yīng)，故選E。 4．A　解析：下文說你應(yīng)該像希望自己被對待的那樣對待他或她，A項“當(dāng)你想留住朋友的時候”與下文形成條件關(guān)系，故選A。 5．C　解析：下文說“永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記保持美麗的友誼”，C項“無論我

55、們走到哪里，無論我們成為誰”與之銜接緊密，故選C。 課時練2　知識運用板塊練 [學(xué)生用書P271(單獨成冊)] 完形填空 (2019·成都第一次診斷性檢測)When Heather McHugh, a poet, won a $500，000 “genius grant” from the MacArthur Foundation, she didn’t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris. __1__， she put the money in the bank and __2__ writing poems. In 2011, she fin

56、ally__3__ what to do with it. That year, Heather’s godson and his wife __4__ their first child, a beautiful baby girl but severely disabled.“I saw how people’s __5__ can change overnight. I started thinking about people in a __6__ situation，” says Heather. She __7__ there were millions of caregiver

57、s taking care of the chronically(慢性地) ill or disabled. So in 2012, Heather __8__ a nonprofit organization offering a seven-day vacation, with all __9__ paid, to people who have been caregivers for at least ten years. Tricia was one of the first caregivers to go on vacation. When Tricia got a call s

58、aying she was offered a __10__ vacation, she couldn’t __11__ it; disbelief even __12__ her concern about leaving her two kids. Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy the __13__ things.“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake u

59、p whenever I chose to，” says Tricia. She was afraid the __14__ would return when the __15__ was over, but to her surprise, it hasn’t been back since. Heather says Tricia’s __16__ resembles those of the other ten caregivers she helps every year.“Before the vacation they are so __17__，but the __18__

60、is so amazing. They reflect and relax. It feels __19__ like another world and gives them a chance to see their lives from another __20__，” she adds. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇記敘文。Heather McHugh利用自己的五十萬美元獎金建立非營利組織，為照顧慢性病患者和殘疾人的護理員提供免費休假，讓他們到新的環(huán)境中，從不一樣的角度來看待他們的人生。 1．A.However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Besides C

61、　解析：根據(jù)空處前一句中的“she didn’t buy a luxurious car or fly to Paris”可知，在獲得了五十萬美元的獎金后，她并沒有購買汽車或去旅游；結(jié)合該句中的“she put the money in the bank”可知，反而，她將這些錢存入銀行。C項意為“而是，反而”，符合語境。however“然而”；therefore“因此”；besides“此外”。 2．A.continued B．quitted C．practiced D．started A　解析：根據(jù)前一句中的“a poet”，結(jié)合該句中的“she put the money in

62、the bank and________ writing poems”可知，她(這位詩人)獲獎后，將獎金存進銀行，繼續(xù)(continued)寫詩。quit“停止”；practice“實踐，訓(xùn)練”。 3．A.thought over B．wondered C．talked about D．decided D　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Heather ________a nonprofit organization offering a seven-day vacation”可知，此處表示在2011年，她終于決定如何使用這筆錢。think over“仔細(xì)考慮”；wonder“想知道，好奇”；t

63、alk about“談到，談?wù)摗?；decide“決定”符合語境。 4．A.held B．welcomed C．lost D．saved B　解析：Heather的教子和他的妻子迎來了他們的第一個孩子，那是一個漂亮的女嬰，但是有嚴(yán)重的殘疾。hold意為“握著，舉行”；lose意為“失去”；save意為“拯救，節(jié)約”；welcome“迎接”符合語境。 5．A.feelings B．future C．lives D．routine C　解析：根據(jù)語境，并結(jié)合上文中提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一個殘疾的女嬰可知，Heather看到了人的生活(lives)是如何在一夜之

64、間發(fā)生改變的。routine“慣例，常規(guī)”。 6．A.different B．similar C．worse D．better B　解析：根據(jù)上文提到的Heather的教子和他的妻子生下了一個殘疾女嬰并且Heather看到了人的生活是如何在一夜之間發(fā)生改變的可知，Heather開始關(guān)注那些有相似(similar)境遇的人。 7．A.discovered B．claimed C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．felt A　解析：她發(fā)現(xiàn)有數(shù)百萬照顧慢性病患者和殘疾人的護理員。claim“宣稱；斷言”；admit“承認(rèn)”；discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。 8．A.donated B．fou

65、nd C．visited D．formed D　解析：因此Heather在2012年建立了一個非營利組織，為那些成為護理員至少十年的人提供七天免費休假。form“建立，組成”符合語境。donate“捐贈”；find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；visit“參觀”。 9．A.taxes B．salary C．expenses D．rent C　解析：參見上題解析。tax“稅”；salary“薪水”；rent“租金”；expense“花費”符合語境。 10．A.free B．caring C．short D．long A　解析：由前文可知，這個休假是對護理員免費的。free“免費的”。 1

66、1．A.believe B．take C．refuse D．enjoy A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“disbelief”可知，Tricia不相信她獲得了一個免費休假這件事。A項意為“相信”，符合語境。 12．A.woke B．defeated C．showed D．moved B　解析：根據(jù)下一段中的“Tricia went, and her favorite parts of the trip were to enjoy”可知，Tricia接受了免費休假這件事情，由此可知，她對免費休假的懷疑(和向往)打敗(defeated)了對于留下孩子們的擔(dān)憂。wake“醒來”；show“展示”；move“移動”。 13．A.wonderful B．delicious C．peaceful D．simple D　解析：根據(jù)空后的“I got to eat hot food hot and cold food cold. I could go to bed when I wanted to and wake up whenever I chose to”可知，Tricia在度假