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1、專題六　時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致 綜合演練 Ⅰ.語法填空 (2018福建福州3月質檢) The Year of the Dog began on Feb. 16, 2018 according to the Chinese lunar calendar. Though dogs　1　(see)as companions and part of the family today, China and Western countries do not have the same cultural　2　(belief)about dogs.? In Chinese, some words　3　

2、(concern)dogs have not very good meanings, such as “No ivory(象牙)can come out of a dog's mouth”. But in English, the situation is　4　(differ). “Every dog has his day” describes a person with a period of good fortune and “work like a dog” is used　5　(describe)a hard worker.? The dog-human relationship

3、goes right　6　to the beginnings of Western civilization, and the friendship between humans and dogs was a common subject for artists.? 　7　fact, people were close to dogs in a way they weren't close to cows, pigs or even horses. Farmers worked　8　(close)with dogs. But even after science came to agricu

4、lture and dogs lost　9　traditional roles, the relationship between man and dogs remained.? Nowadays in the West, millions of people keep dogs as pets. People feed them, take them on holidays　10　look after them. In return, dogs are loyal(忠誠)in a way that friends sometimes aren't. This loyalty is the

5、origin of the English saying, “A dog is man's best friend.”? 1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　? 6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　? 答案　 [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文。中國人和西方人在對待狗時有著不同的文化差異。 1.are seen　句意:當今雖然狗被看作是(人類的)伙伴和家庭的一員,但是中國和西方國家對于狗卻沒有相同的文化信仰。設空處在從句中作謂語;主語dogs與see為被動關系,故用被動語態(tài);設空處所在從句介紹一種現(xiàn)象,故用一般現(xiàn)在時。綜上所述答案為are see

6、n。 2.beliefs　設空處作have的賓語,故設空處填名詞形式;此處belief表示觀點,是可數(shù)名詞,且根據(jù)語境及下文可知設空處應該用名詞復數(shù),故填beliefs。 3.concerning　句意:在漢語中,一些有關狗的詞匯沒有很好的意思,例如“狗嘴里吐不出象牙”?！啊?　(concern)dogs”作定語,修飾名詞words;設空處表示“關于”,故填介詞concerning。? 4.different　句意:但在英文中情況就不同了。設空處作表語,故填形容詞different。 5.to describe　句意:……“work like a dog”這一短語被用來描述一個努力工作

7、的人。設空處作目的狀語,故填不定式形式to describe。 6.back　句意:人與狗的關系可追溯到西方文明的開始,……。go back to為固定短語,意為“追溯到”。 7.In　in fact為固定短語,意為“事實上”。 8.closely　句意:農民們和狗密切合作。設空處作狀語,表示“密切地”,故填closely。 9.their　句意:甚至在科技進入農業(yè),狗失去了它們的傳統(tǒng)角色之后,人類與狗的關系仍然保持著。設空處作定語,根據(jù)主語dogs(復數(shù)形式)可推知設空處填形容詞性物主代詞their。 10.and　句意:人們喂養(yǎng)它們,帶它們去度假并照顧它們。feed、take和l

8、ook after為并列關系,故填and。 Ⅱ.短文改錯 (2018遼寧大連一模) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤,每句中最多有兩處,每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改:在錯的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞。 2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。 I was often troubled by lack of confidences.So I

9、 applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term.The exhibition was held annual to display the latest products in the field of education.At that time,I was responsible for interview parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with him,I found it was not so hard as I think.One lady e

10、ven praised me but asked her son to learn from me.I realized the experience was in great value and nothing was more excited than communicating with people. From this experience,I am fully aware that we should take real action if our personality that needs improving. 答案　 I was often troubled by la

11、ck of ①confidencesconfidence. So I applied for a job at an exhibition as ②∧a reporter last term.The exhibition was held ③annualannually to display the latest products in the field of education.At that time,I was responsible for ④interviewinterviewing parents who bought the learning tools.While talki

12、ng with ⑤himthem,I found it was not so hard as I ⑥thinkthought . One lady even praised me ⑦butand asked her son to learn from me.I realized the experience was ⑧inof great value and nothing was more ⑨excitedexciting than communicating with people. From this experience,I am fully aware that we should

13、 take real action if our personality ⑩the needs improving. 解析　 1.句意:我經常被信心不足困擾。confidence自信心,自信,為不可數(shù)名詞。 2.句意:因此,我上學期在一次展覽中申請了一份記者的工作。as在句中意為“作為”,reporter在句中表示泛指,故加不定冠詞a。 3.此處應用副詞作狀語。annually每年;一年一次地。 4.be responsible for負責……,介詞for后用動名詞作賓語。 5.此處指代上文提到的parents,故介詞后用賓格them作賓語。 6.句意:和他們交談中,我發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有我想象的那么難。根據(jù)全文語境可知應用過去時態(tài)。 7.句意:甚至有一位女士表揚了我并讓他兒子向我學習。根據(jù)語境可知此處表示并列順承關系,而非轉折關系,故but改為and。 8.“be of+抽象名詞”是固定用法,相當于be+adj.。 9.nothing作為主語,故表語應用修飾物的形容詞exciting(令人興奮的;令人激動的)。excited(興奮的;激動的)用來形容人。 10.在if引導的條件狀語從句中,主語為our personality,謂語動詞為needs,故that為多余的詞。 4