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1、閱讀理解專題特訓(xùn)13 　能力升級訓(xùn)練第14頁　? A Whether you prefer burning the midnight oil or going to bed early so you can get up at the break of dawn depends on your genes,according to experts. I jump out of bed each morning,eager to start an active day.But I can hear my neighbour’s alarm clock ringing non-stop e

2、very morning and I doubt he gets to work on time. A lot of noise comes from his flat in the evening.He’s happy to stay up watching TV till after midnight,while I go to bed early and try to sleep. Well,it might not be his fault after all.I’m called “a lark(百靈鳥)” and my neighbour “an owl(貓頭鷹)”. We

3、all have inside “clocks” in the brain to control all kinds of bodily functions and it is reset every day by light.These inside clocks run to a different schedule in “l(fā)arks” and “owls”.If you have a fast clock,you like to do things early,and if you have a slow clock,you like to do things late. Becau

4、se we live in a 24/7 world,scientists believe it’s important to understand a person’s “chronotype”—the time of the day when they function the best.It could help us lead a healthier life. A US professor has studied sleeping patterns and thinks work times should be changed and made more individual to

5、 fit in with our chronotypes. And he has advice for those who can’t choose their working hours:“If that’s not possible,we should be more careful about light exposure,” says the professor.“You should try to go to work not in a covered vehicle but on a bike.The minute the sun sets we should use thing

6、s that have no blue light,like computer screens and other electronic devices.” 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過分析自己和鄰居不同的作息情況,說明了每個人都有自己的睡眠類型:有的人晚上的工作效率高,有的人白天的工作效率高。但是,如果無法選擇工作時間,那么就應(yīng)在晚上盡量避免藍色的光,因為藍色的光可能會導(dǎo)致睡眠問題。 1.How is the passage mainly developed? A.By presenting and solving problems. B.By explaining the

7、 cause-effect relationship. C.By giving examples and drawing a conclusion. D.By analyzing differences and providing advice. 答案:D 解析:寫作手法題。作者通過分析自己與鄰居不同的作息情況,提到這是由于基因的不同造成的。然后,作者對此提出建議,即不同的人應(yīng)該采用不同的作息時間。故選D項。 2.We can learn from the passage that the author’s neighbour　　　.? A.almost always gets t

8、o work on time B.has to work deep into the night every day C.is passive during the day but energetic at night D.is easily woken up by his alarm clock in the morning 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“ButIcanhear...toworkontime.”和第三段可知,作者的鄰居白天狀態(tài)消極,晚上卻精力充沛。故選C項。 3.Things with blue light are not recommended

9、after sunset because blue light 　　　.? A.will make you nervous　　　　 B.may cause sleep problems C.will reduce your work efficiency D.may make you sleepy 答案:B 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句可知,如果我們無法選擇工作時間,不得不在白天工作而在晚上休息,我們就應(yīng)該更加注意光的照射,尤其是不要在晚上接觸藍色的光。由此可推知,藍色的光可能會導(dǎo)致睡眠問題。故選B項。 B (2019·全國Ⅲ卷,A) OPENINGSANDPREVI

10、EWS AnimalsOutofPaper Yolo!Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph,in which an origami(折紙術(shù)) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.Merri Milwe directs.In previews.Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church,165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.) TheAudien

11、ce Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan,about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years.Stephen Daldry directs.Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey.Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld,236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.) Hami

12、lton Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton,in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Thomas Kail directs.In previews.Opens Feb.17.(Public,425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.) OntheTwentiethCentury Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical

13、 comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green,about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star’s love during a cross-country train journey.Scott Ellis directs,for Roundabout Theatre Company.Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre,227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.) 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了二月份有四部要

14、演出的戲劇。 1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about? A.A type of art. B.A teenager’s studio. C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals. 答案:A 解析:細節(jié)理解題。由題干RajivJoseph定位到AnimalsOutofPaper部分,根據(jù)本段中的“...inwhichanorigamiartistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.”可知,這部戲劇是關(guān)于折紙藝術(shù)的。故選A項。 2

15、.Who is the director of TheAudience? A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry. 答案:D 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheAudience部分中的“StephenDaldrydirects.”可知,StephenDaldry是TheAudience的導(dǎo)演。 3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A.AnimalsOutofPaper. B.TheAudienc

16、e. C.Hamilton. D.OntheTwentiethCentury. 答案:C 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hamilton部分中的“...inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.”可知,如果對美國歷史感興趣可以觀看Hamilton。 C (2018·全國Ⅰ卷,B) GoodMorningBritain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her

17、latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In SaveMoney:GoodFood,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the

18、GoodMorningBritain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11. “We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay ￡5 for a portion(一

19、份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,follows in the footsteps of ITV’s SaveMoney:GoodHealth,which

20、 gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspirat

21、ion on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一檔新節(jié)目,其內(nèi)容為如何在資金緊張的情況下做出營養(yǎng)可口的飯菜。 1.What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B.She has started a new programme. C.She d

22、islikes working early in the morning. D.She has had a tight budget for her family. 答案:B 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的第一段,特別是其中的轉(zhuǎn)折部分“...butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.”可知,她最近的角色是教觀眾如何在資金緊張的情況下做出營養(yǎng)可口的飯菜。由此推測,她現(xiàn)在開始了一個新節(jié)目,所以選B項。 2.How do

23、es Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A.He buys cooking materials for her. B.He prepares food for her kids. C.He assists her in cooking matters. D.He invites guest families for her. 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...withthehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder

24、￡5perfamilyaday.”可知,MattTebbutt在烹飪方面給予了她幫助,所以選C項。 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A.Summarize the previous paragraphs. B.Provide some advice for the readers. C.Add some background information. D.Introduce a new topic for discussion. 答案:C 解析:推理判斷題。作者在第四段中提到“Theeight-parts

25、eries,SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth...”,由此可知,作者寫這一段是為了提供一些有關(guān)節(jié)目的背景信息,所以C項正確。 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B.Balancing Our Daily Diet C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D.Cooking Well for Less 答案:D 解析:主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,文

26、章主要介紹了蘇珊娜·里德的新節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood,再結(jié)合第一段中的“...howtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.”可知,D項可概括全文的內(nèi)容。A、C兩項以偏概全,B項無中生有。 D We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors?What about the people who invented the traffic

27、light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)?Shouldn’t we know who they are? Joan McLean thinks so.In fact,McLean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning “who” invented “what”,however,McLean

28、 also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.According to McLean,“When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.” Her students agree.One young man with

29、 a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee,a senior physics major,“I would never have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” Lee is c

30、urrently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer. So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper?Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a stree

31、tcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabama,Anderson started drafting out solutions.One

32、 of her ideas,a lever(操作桿) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan’s traffic light.It’s equally impossible to picture a wor

33、ld without Katherine J.Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses? 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。我們了解著名人物及其發(fā)明,如愛迪生的電燈和留聲機,貝爾的電話等,但是又有多少人知道紅綠燈和雨刮器的發(fā)明者呢? 1.By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”,the author indicates that countless invent

34、ions are　　　.? A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous B.beneficial,though their inventors are less famous C.not useful,because their inventors are less famous D.not useful,though their inventors are famous 答案:B 解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容并結(jié)合下文可推斷,作者提到交通信號燈、雨刮器等發(fā)明,是想說無數(shù)的發(fā)明對人類十分有益,雖然它們的發(fā)明者沒有太大的名氣。故

35、選B項。 2.Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to 　　　.? A.add colour and variety to students’ campus life B.inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention C.carry out the requirements by Mountain University D.prepare students for their own inventions 答案:D 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,JohnMcLean教授開設(shè)這

36、門課程的目的就是讓學(xué)生有足夠的準(zhǔn)備去嘗試自己發(fā)明東西。故選D項。 3.Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was 　　　.? A.not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer B.inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper C.due to his experience of being caught in a snowstorm D.not related to Professor Joan McLean’s l

37、ectures 答案:B 解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper’sinvention...Iwouldneverhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”可知,TommyLee發(fā)明的“不會折斷的雨傘”就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激勵。故選B項。 4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A.Ho

38、w to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B.How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? C.Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D.Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 答案:C 解析:主旨大意題?？v觀全文,特別是第一段指明了文章的主題,即我們應(yīng)該了解雨刮器和紅綠燈背后的發(fā)明者的故事。故選C項。

39、E (2018·全國Ⅱ卷) If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.　1　 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.? ●Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you mor

40、e awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.　2　? ●Your metabolism(新陳代謝) gets a head start.　3　 If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day,not in your sleep.? ●　4　 Studies found that people who woke up early for e

41、xercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.? ●　5　 If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day

42、.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.? There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long. A.You

43、 will stick to your diet. B.Your quality of sleep improves. C.You prefer healthy food to fast food. D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F.After you exercise,you continue to burn calories throughout the day. G.If

44、 you are planning to do exercise regularly,or you’re doing it now,then listen up! 答案與解析: 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。鍛煉身體的好處很多,尤其是早上鍛煉,會讓你一整天都容光煥發(fā)。文章主要介紹了鍛煉給我們帶來的各種好處,最后作者呼吁大家:定好鬧鐘,早起鍛煉吧! 1.G　解析:此句為過渡句,承上啟下。根據(jù)下文的“Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.”可知,此處表示“假如你計劃定期鍛煉,或者現(xiàn)在正

45、在鍛煉的話,那么聽好了!”,故選G項。 2.E　解析:此句為總結(jié)句。根據(jù)上文可知,此處講述的是鍛煉會使你更加清醒,而E項表示“鍛煉之后,你可以保持頭腦清醒4至10小時”,與前文相吻合,故選E項。 3.F　解析:此句為段中承上啟下的過渡句。根據(jù)本段開頭提到的“Yourmetabolismgetsaheadstart.”以及后面的“gettingthecalorieburning”可知,此處表示“鍛煉之后,在一整天里你都會繼續(xù)燃燒卡路里?！惫蔬xF項。 4.B　解析:此句為主題句。根據(jù)后文可知,研究表明,早起鍛煉的人的睡眠質(zhì)量要好于晚上鍛煉的。此處是指“你的睡眠質(zhì)量會提高”,故選B項。 5.A　解析:此句為主題句。根據(jù)后文可知,如果你早上鍛煉的話,你更可能一整天都保持健康的飲食習(xí)慣。此處表示“會讓你堅持自己的飲食習(xí)慣”,故選A項。 - 10 -