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1、專題十 短文改錯(cuò)記敘類專練 考點(diǎn)01：冠詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)02：代詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)03：介詞和介詞短語 2顆星 考點(diǎn)04: 名詞 3顆星 考點(diǎn)05：主謂一致 5顆星 考點(diǎn)06：形容詞和副詞 5顆星 考點(diǎn)08：非謂語動(dòng)詞 5顆星 考點(diǎn)09：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 5顆星 考點(diǎn)10：定語從句 3顆星 考點(diǎn)11 名詞性從句 3顆星 考點(diǎn)12 并列連詞 4顆星 考點(diǎn)13 狀語從句 3顆星 考點(diǎn)27短文改錯(cuò)記敘文專練 5顆星 短文改錯(cuò)（每題1分，共40分） 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處

2、語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意： 1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 A（考點(diǎn)27易） ??????? One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on考點(diǎn)03 a sh

3、op window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks 考點(diǎn)08 at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where考點(diǎn)11 his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun 考點(diǎn)09 to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling考點(diǎn)05 him to wait outside a考點(diǎn)01 shop. Five minut

4、es later,Tony saw考點(diǎn)02 parents. Mom said, "How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible 考點(diǎn)06 worried." Tony promised her that this would never happen again. B（考點(diǎn)27易） ??? The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between stay

5、ing at home and take考點(diǎn)08 a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but考點(diǎn)12 there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about 考點(diǎn)01 world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your考點(diǎn)02 view and gain knowledges考點(diǎn)04 we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest w

6、e can go to places of interest nearby. I thought 考點(diǎn)09 that it is a good idea. It does not cost many考點(diǎn)02, yet we can still learn a lot. C（考點(diǎn)27中難） ??? Last night, I had a strange but interesting dream. On the way back to考點(diǎn)06 home, I came across a child from another planet. His clothes seem考點(diǎn)09 to be

7、 shining and looked beautiful. As I got closely考點(diǎn)06 to him, he looked frightened and turned his back to me. Though I couldn’t speak her考點(diǎn)02 language, I used hand gestures to talk about 考點(diǎn)03 him. A while later, he told me lots of amazing thing考點(diǎn)04 on his planet, which made me laugh. But all of sudden

8、, he began to cry, and then he explained he had lost his way but考點(diǎn)12 couldn’t find his home. Seen考點(diǎn)08 that, I offered to help him. His family had a telephone number like ours, so I asked him to call his parents using my phone. Soon before考點(diǎn)13 making the call he disappeared. D（考點(diǎn)27中難） On a storm考點(diǎn)

9、06 night, I was alone at home. After finishing my homework, I was about to go to bed. All of sudden, the light went out. Meanwhile, there was a flash of lightning following考點(diǎn)08 by thunderstorms. I was so scared that I ran to my bed but 考點(diǎn)12 hid myself under the blanket. To make matters bad考點(diǎn)06, my p

10、arents went to hospital to accompany with my sick grandfather. I felt too frightened because my mind was full of scary thought考點(diǎn)04. After some time passed, I fall考點(diǎn)09 asleep at last. At breakfast I told my parents that考點(diǎn)11 I had seen last night. My parents were also frightened and they promised that

11、 they would ever考點(diǎn)06 leave me at home alone. 語法填空（每題1.5分，共60分） 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 （1） Sports should help a man to learn fairness, not only in games but also in and for life. If two teams play ①__________?考點(diǎn)01 game, one team must lose. If a dozen teams attend an athletic competit

12、ion,②__________team will get the most points and all the ③__________eleven teams will get ④__________(few) points. If a school team comes out last, that is no loss of face. ⑤__________?考點(diǎn)11 that team and that school must do is admit that it ⑥__________(lose). The only intelligent reaction ⑦_(dá)________

13、_考點(diǎn)08 defeat must be: next year we will do our best to come out on top, because from now on our team will devote⑧__________?考點(diǎn)02 (it) to a stricter course of training under competent instructors. ??? Lessons⑨__________考點(diǎn)08 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. But even mor

14、e?⑩__________考點(diǎn)06 (value) are the lessons learned in extra—curricular activities in school: in speech, dramatic and musical contests, in “house” activities, and, especially, in the student council.? （2） ??? In ancient China the kite was known as “Zhiyuan“.?①__________考點(diǎn)06 (original) regarded as a

15、technology, it also featured in many art collections, and was considered to have unique artistic value. It first ②__________考點(diǎn)09 (appear) in the year of the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC—476BC). According to historical records, Mo Zi spent three years?③__________考點(diǎn)08 (construct) a wooden kite tha

16、t failed after one day’s flight. One book noted that the master carpenter Lu Ban also made some which ④__________考點(diǎn)09 (use) to spy on the situation of the enemy. ??? Now the basic procedure of making kites remains the same, but ⑤__________考點(diǎn)04 (style) of kite-making vary in different regions. These

17、 in the “World Kite Capital” of Weifang in Shandong Province are well known for ⑥__________考點(diǎn)02 (they) craftsmanship, materials, painting, sculpture and flexible flying movement. One of these kites,⑦_(dá)_________考點(diǎn)10 was over 300 meters long, won first place in the International Kite Festival?⑧________

18、__考點(diǎn)08 (hold) in Italy. It is now housed in the Weifang Kite Museum. Every year, the festival is held there and is expected to draw many fans with a passion for flying kites. ??? ???⑨__________?考點(diǎn)13 you are interested in flying a kite, you should choose a sunny and windy day so you can enjoy the op

19、en air, and take care to avoid electric wires and cars. You could make more than one with you and fly them according to the change of wind. And of course, a pair of sunglasses may prove useful in protecting your eyes?⑩__________考點(diǎn)03 bright sunshine.? （3）??? The Internet recently raised its eyebro

20、ws after Chinese state media claimed that online shopping, high-speed rail, bike sharing and electronic payment systems are China’s “four new great inventions.” ??? Last week, Xinhua News Agency said the country deserved credit for the discoveries,①__________?考點(diǎn)08 (compare) them to the inventions o

21、f ancient China: compass, gunpowder, paper, and printing. ??? According to SCMP, the so-called “four new great inventions” were based?②__________考點(diǎn)03 last year’s research conducted by the Silk Road Research Institute. In a survey,China’s foreign students from 20 countries near the “Belt and Road In

22、itiative”?③__________考點(diǎn)09 (ask) to pick China’s “four new inventions” that they wanted their home countries④__________考點(diǎn)08 (use). ??? Xinhua’s article notes that “Among ⑤__________考點(diǎn)01 four, online shopping was invented and pioneered by Michael Aldrich in the UK in 1979, while the Japanese operated

23、 the first modern high-speed rail in 1964.⑥__________考點(diǎn)12 it is Chinese people that bring the inventions to the world’s top level with ⑦_(dá)_________考點(diǎn)02 (they) intelligence and creativity.” ??? Despite the origins, in recent years, a number of China’s technological ⑧__________考點(diǎn)04 (advance) have been

24、 making their moves in the world. Among them, four stand out with a reputation of China’s “four great new inventions” in modern times,⑨__________考點(diǎn)10 have made the daily life of the public more ⑩__________考點(diǎn)06 (convenience). （4） It’s well-known that cultural relics belong ①__________考點(diǎn)03 the human

25、 beings rather than individuals.A lot of people try their best to search ②__________考點(diǎn)03 them.Some of the cultural relics ③__________考點(diǎn)09 (damage) while only a few?④__________考點(diǎn)09 (survive).All of us should increase the awareness of protecting our cultural ⑤__________考點(diǎn)04 (relic).In order to avoid t

26、his,every one of us should make ⑥__________考點(diǎn)04 (effort) to take action to protect them.There is no doubt ⑦_(dá)_________考點(diǎn)11 it is our responsibility ⑧__________考點(diǎn)11 (protect) cultural relics,⑨__________考點(diǎn)06 (especial) the young people.If you take the⑩__________考點(diǎn)04 (responsible),you will be happy and

27、proud.It’s high time we should protect our cultural relics.? 參考答案 一、短文改錯(cuò) A、答案：??? One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his . It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. Aft

28、er at the toy for some time, he turned around and found 或where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and to cry. A woman saw him crying and him to wait outside shop. Five minutes later,Tony saw ?parents. Mom said, "How nice to see you again! Dad and I were worried." Tony promised her that

29、this would never happen again. 解析： 1.第一句:parent→parents 結(jié)合下文的“his parents were missing”可知托尼是和爸爸媽媽一起去購(gòu)物中心的,因此應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式parents。 2.第三句:on→in結(jié)合生活常識(shí)可知,這里表示玩具在商店櫥窗里擺放著,故應(yīng)用in。 3.第四句:去掉very這里so... that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,表示“如此……以至于……”,因此應(yīng)去掉very。 4.第五句:looks→looking結(jié)合語境可知這里應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞作介詞After的賓語,故應(yīng)把looks改為looking。 5.第五

30、句:where→that或者去掉where本句中連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞found的賓語,that不作句子成分只起連接作用,所以也可以省略掉連詞that。 6.第六句:begun→began這里提對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行客觀敘述,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故應(yīng)把begun改為began。 7.第七句:telling→told此處and連接的是兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作,在時(shí)態(tài)上應(yīng)保持一致,故應(yīng)把telling改為told。 8.第七句:a→the結(jié)合語境可知,同一名詞第二次提到應(yīng)表示特指,故砬把shop前的a改為the。 9.第八句:parents前加his結(jié)合語境可知,這里parents并不是表示泛指,

31、而是指托尼的爸爸媽媽,故應(yīng)在parents前加his。 10.第九句:terrible →terribly 修飾形容詞應(yīng)用副詞,故用 terribly。 B、答案：????The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about to do during the holiday. We can between staying at home and a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable there is no need to spend

32、money. But in that case, we will learn little about ?world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden view and gain we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can(or) go to places of interest nearby. I that it is a good idea. It does not cost ?, yet we can still learn a lot. 解析：考察記敘文,“

33、我”和同學(xué)們對(duì)暑假的旅游計(jì)劃的討論。 1、how 改為what 考察特殊結(jié)構(gòu)?！疤厥庖蓡栐~+to do”在本句中作為短語talk about 的賓語,其中what 還要作為動(dòng)詞do 的邏輯賓語。句意:同學(xué)們和我在討論暑假期間做什么。 2、chose 改為choose 考察句子結(jié)構(gòu)。“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”才可以在句中作為謂語部分,而本句中chose是過去式。 3、take改為taking 考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。本句中動(dòng)名詞短語staying at home與taking a trip構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,都作為介詞between的賓語。 4、but改為and 考查連詞。句意:如果我們待在家里,很舒服也沒

34、有必要花錢。上下文之間是并列關(guān)系,而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以使用and連接上下文。 5、about后加the 考查定冠詞。在英語中定冠詞the通常表示特指,本句中the修飾world表示特指這個(gè)世界。 6、your改為our 考查代詞。應(yīng)該使用our與本句的主語we保持一致。句意:如果我們出國(guó)旅游,我們就拓寬視野并學(xué)到書本上學(xué)不到的知識(shí)。 7、knowledges改為knowledge 考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。本句中名詞knowledge是不可數(shù)名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。 8、刪除can或can改為should 考查虛擬語氣。動(dòng)詞suggest作為建議的時(shí)候,后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣“(should)

35、+動(dòng)詞原形”,所以本句可以刪除can或can改為should。 9、thought改為think 考查時(shí)態(tài)。本文介紹我和同學(xué)們商量暑假旅游的事情,全文以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主,所以本句使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)think。 10、many改為much 考查代詞。本句中代詞much代替不可數(shù)名詞much money作為動(dòng)詞cost的賓語,而many通常代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 C、答案： ??? Last night, I had a strange but interesting dream. On the way back to home, I came across a child from

36、another planet. His clothes to be shining and looked beautiful. As I got to him, he looked frightened and turned his back to me. Though I couldn’t speak language, I used hand gestures to talk him. A while later, he told me lots of amazing on his planet, which made me laugh. But all of sudden, he be

37、gan to cry, and then he explained he had lost his way couldn’t find his home. that, I offered to help him. His family had a telephone number like ours, so I asked him to call his parents using my phone. Soon making the call he disappeared. 解析： 第一處：刪除to【解析】home為副詞，其前不能用介詞，故刪除to。 第二處：seem→seemed【

38、解析】由時(shí)間狀語Last night可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故將seem改為 seemed 。 第三處：closely→close【解析】get close to…為固定搭配， 意為“接近……”。close在此處為副詞，意為“近地”;closely為副詞，意為“仔細(xì)地；密切地” 。故將closely改為close。 第四處：her→his【解析】此處代詞應(yīng)與上文中的he保持一致，故將her改為his。 第五處:about→with【解析】此處表示與某人談話，應(yīng)用介詞 with , talk with sb.意為“和某人談話”，talk about sth.意為 “談?wù)撃呈隆?/p>

39、，故將about改為with。 第六處:thing →things【解析】thing為可數(shù)名詞，其前有l(wèi)ots of 修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將thing改為things。 第七處:在of后加a【解析】all of a sudden為固定搭配，意為 “突然”。故在of后加a。 第八處:but→and【解析】前文“他迷路了”和后文“找不到家” 之間為順承關(guān)系，而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。 第九處:Seen→Seeing【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，offered為本句的謂語，且逗號(hào)前后無連詞，所以see應(yīng)用其非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，see與其邏輯主語I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故將

40、Seen改為Seeing。 第十處：before→after【解析】由句意及語境可知，他應(yīng)是在打電話之后消失了，故將before改為after。 D、答案： On a night, I was alone at home. After finishing my homework, I was about to go to bed. All of sudden, the light went out. Meanwhile, there was a flash of lightning by thunderstorms. I was so scared that I ran

41、 to my bed hid myself under the blanket. To make matters , my parents went to hospital to accompany with my sick grandfather. I felt too frightened because my mind was full of scary . After some time passed, I asleep at last. At breakfast I told my parents I had seen last night. My parents were a

42、lso frightened and they promised that they would leave me at home alone. 解析： 第一處：storm→stormy 【解析】考査形容詞。修飾名稱night應(yīng)用形容詞stormy。 第二處:sudden前加a【解析】考査冠詞。all of a sudden為固定短語，意為“突然”。 第三處：following→followed【解析】考査非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，此處是there be句型，應(yīng)用follow的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作定語，修飾a flash of lightning,且 a flash of lightni

43、ng 和 follow 之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用 過去分詞作定語。 第四處:but→and【解析】考查連詞。分析語境可知，上文表示的 是“我’’如此害怕以致跑到床上，下文表示的是“我”將自己藏在毯了下面。由此可知前后是并列關(guān)系，故用and連接。 第五處:bad→worse【解析】考査比較級(jí)。make matters worse為固定短語，意為“使情況更糟糕的是”。 第六處：刪掉with【解析】考査及物動(dòng)詞的用法。accompany是及 物動(dòng)詞，后面可直接接賓語，故介詞with多余。 第七處:thought→ thoughts【解析】考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。thought 作“想法;看法”講時(shí)是

44、可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用thought的復(fù)數(shù)形式和full of 搭配。 第八處：fall→fell【解析】考査時(shí)態(tài)。通讀文章可知，本文講述的 是一個(gè)暴風(fēng)雨的夜晚，主要使用一般過去時(shí)。 第九處:that→what【解析】考査賓語從句。分析句子可知，told my parents后是賓語從句，賓語從句中seen后缺少賓語，故用what引導(dǎo) 賓語從句。 第十處：ever→never【解析】考査副詞。句意：我的父母也很害怕，他們答應(yīng)以后不會(huì)再將我一個(gè)人留在家里。表示“永不”應(yīng)用副詞never。 二、語法填空 （1）答案：a; one; other; fewer; What; lost;

45、 to; itself; learned; valuable 解析： 1. a 考查冠詞。泛指一場(chǎng)比賽 2. one考查限定詞。one…the other一方……另一方 3. other考查限定詞。All the other 指其余的11個(gè)代表隊(duì) 4. fewer考查限定詞。與上文的the most points相對(duì),得到較少的分 5. What考查引導(dǎo)詞。what引導(dǎo)主語從句,what作do的賓語 6. lost考查動(dòng)詞。一般過去時(shí)態(tài),這里是一種假設(shè) 7. to考查不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。填小品詞to,作后置定語 8. itself考查反身代詞。詞組devote itself to專心

46、于;itself是our team的反身代詞 9. learned考查動(dòng)詞。過去分詞做定語修飾lessons 10. valuable考查詞類的轉(zhuǎn)換:名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞。此句是倒裝句,valuable作表語,主語是the lessons. （2）答案：Originally; appeared; constructing; were used; styles; their; which; held; If; from/against 解析： 在古代,風(fēng)箏被稱為”紙鳶",最初出現(xiàn)在春秋時(shí)期?，F(xiàn)在各地制作風(fēng)箏的基本步驟是一樣的,但不同地區(qū)風(fēng)箏的制作風(fēng)格有所不同。山東濰坊的風(fēng)箏以其工

47、藝、材料、繪畫和靈活的飛行動(dòng)作而聞名。 1.?Originally考査副詞。句意:最初它被看作是一門技術(shù),也在很多藝術(shù)作品中占重要地位,被認(rèn)為具也獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)價(jià)值。空格處修飾動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)用副詞,且位于句首,首字母應(yīng)大寫,故填Originally。 2.?appeared考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:它最初出現(xiàn)在春秋時(shí)期。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in the Spring and Autumn Period可知,此處表述的是過去的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填appeared。 3.constructing考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:據(jù)史料記載,墨子曾花三年時(shí)間建造了一只在飛行一天后就失敗的木制風(fēng)箏。spend...( in

48、) doing sth.意為"花費(fèi)?做某事”,為固定搭配,故填constructing。 4.?were used考查動(dòng)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:有一本書中提到, 木匠大師魯班也做過一些風(fēng)箏用來監(jiān)視敵人的情況。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語,which指代some( kites),為復(fù)數(shù),故從句中謂語動(dòng)詞也位用復(fù)數(shù)形式;且空格處和主語之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài);此處主句為一般過去時(shí),從句也描述過去的情況, 因此也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填were used。 5.?styles考査名詞的數(shù)。句意:現(xiàn)在制作風(fēng)箏的基本步驟是一樣的,但不同地區(qū)風(fēng)箏的制作風(fēng)格有所不同。此處styl

49、e 意為"特點(diǎn);風(fēng)格",為可數(shù)名詞,且根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞vary可知,此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填styles。 6.?their考查代詞。句意:"世界風(fēng)箏之都”——山東濰坊的風(fēng)箏以其工藝、材料、繪畫和靈活的飛行動(dòng)作而聞名?？崭裉幾髅~ craftsmanship, materials, painting and flexible flying movement的定語,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞,故填their。 7.?which考査定語從句。句意:其中一只長(zhǎng)度超過300米的風(fēng)箏在在意大利舉行的國(guó)際風(fēng)箏節(jié)上獲得了第一名。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代One of these kites

50、,指物,且在從句中作主語,故填which。 8.?held考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？崭裉幒途渥拥闹^語動(dòng)詞won之間無連詞連接,故應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式,且空格處與其邏輯主語the International Kite Festival之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,因此應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語,故填held。 9.?If考査狀語從句。句意:如果你對(duì)放風(fēng)箏感興趣,你應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)陽光燦爛并且有風(fēng)的日子,這樣你就可以享受戶外的空氣,同時(shí)要注意避開電線。根據(jù)句意可知,空格處引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,表示"如果",且位于句首,首字母應(yīng)大寫,故填I(lǐng)f。 10.?from/against考査介詞。句意:當(dāng)然,一副太陽鏡是很有用的,它可以保

51、護(hù)你的眼睛免受陽光的照射。protect...from/against...意為"保護(hù)......以免受?",為固定搭配,故填 from/against。 （3）答案：comparing; on; were asked; to use; the; But; their; advances; which; convenient 解析：1. 〔提示：考査非謂語動(dòng)詞。compare和the country有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞-ing形式做 狀語。〕 2. 〔提示：考査動(dòng)詞短語。be based on表示“以....為基礎(chǔ)”?！?3. 〔提示：考査語態(tài)。students和a

52、sk之間存動(dòng)賓 關(guān)系，根據(jù)last year可知要用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！?4.〔提示：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。want sb.to do sth. “想讓某人做某事”?！?5. 〔提示：考查冠詞。特指前面提到的four new great inventions?！?6. 〔提示:考查連詞。上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以填But?！?7. 〔提示:考查代詞。intelligence是表詞，要用形容詞 性的物主代詞修飾 8. 〔提示:考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞have been making可知，advance要用復(fù)數(shù)形式?！?9. 〔提示:考査非限制性定語從句。先行詞four great new inventions指的是事物，關(guān)系同在非限制性定語從句 中做主語，所以用which。〕 10. 〔提示:考查形容詞。分析句子成分可知，本題 考查“make+名詞+形容詞”形式?！? （4）答案：to; for; have been damaged; survive; relics; efforts; that; to protect; especially; responsibility 13