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1、Module 4 Great Scientists 單元話題·語篇訓練 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Where to enjoy a picture-perfect white Christmas? Québec City, Canada When the narrow streets of Québec City are covered in snow, it feels like you've wandered into a beautiful Victorian Christmas card which has come to life.Enjoy the friendliness

2、of this charming Canadian city with joyous outdoor concerts, holiday markets and QuébecAdabra — an evening festival of music, lights, animation (動畫) and architectural projections held city-wide. London, England The capital is bursting with holiday cheer.Bright Christmas lights brighten up Oxford S

3、treet, Covent Garden and Carnaby Street.Skating people can go for a seasonal spin in Somerset House, Hyde Park, Canary Wharf and the Tower of London.Love holiday music? St.Martin-in-the-Fields hosts an inspiring line-up of Christmas concerts while London's most famous Christmas tree entertains visit

4、ors in Trafalgar Square. Prague, Czech Republic Prague's beautiful architecture provides a dramatic setting for its Christmas activities.At the foot of the Church of Our Lady before Tyn, the Old Town Christmas market sells Christmas gifts and treats to the thousands of shoppers who visit it each D

5、ecember.Carol (圣誕頌歌) singers perform seasonal favourites while a well-decorated Christmas tree adds to the joyous atmosphere. Rovaniemi, Finland For a storybook Christmas, Rovaniemi in Finland is hard to beat.Lapland's capital becomes a winter wonderland.The area is lit by the impressive northern

6、lights, and they can be witnessed around the city from mid-August to early April.This magical place is also the official home of Santa Claus himself and visitors of all ages can meet everything about Christmas at Santa Claus Village right at the Arctic Circle. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個風景如畫、適合過圣誕節(jié)的地方。

7、1．Why does the author mention the Victorian Christmas card? A．To indicate Québec City is beautiful. B．To show it always snows at Christmas. C．To tell us Christmas is a lively holiday. D．To suggest that we buy Christmas cards. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“a beautiful Victorian Christmas card”可知，作者提到維多利亞圣

8、誕卡是為了說明魁北克市在圣誕期間非常漂亮。 2．Where can you skate in London at Christmas? A．In Oxford Street.　　　 B．In Covent Garden. C．In Canary Wharf. D．In Trafalgar Square. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Skating people can go for a seasonal spin in Somerset House, Hyde Park, Canary Wharf and the Tower of London.”可知，在倫敦的Canar

9、y Wharf可以溜冰。 3．What makes a Christmas in Prague more attractive? A．The unique gifts offered to tourists. B．The great architecture of Prague. C．The Old Town Christmas market. D．A well-decorated Christmas tree. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Prague's beautiful architecture provides a dramatic setting for i

10、ts Christmas activities.”可知，捷克共和國的布拉格的建筑使它的圣誕節(jié)更有吸引力。 4．What is special about Rovaniemi? A．Its scenery attracts visitors of all ages. B．It is a winter wonderland full of magic. C．Its Christmas celebrations last long. D．It is where Santa Claus comes from. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“This magical place

11、is also the official home of Santa Claus himself”可知，圣誕老人來自芬蘭的羅瓦涅米。 B Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary (訃告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper ha

12、d confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died. Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary：The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer (武器制造商)． This incident got him

13、thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？ It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be

14、 used to support the ongoing quest (追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives. How

15、ever, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest (抗議) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the award-winners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.The high

16、ly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy. Still, for the most part the awards don't cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree th

17、at most of the prizewinners — among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr.— have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了諾貝爾獎設(shè)立的來歷。 5.How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper? A．Sad and worried. B．Shocked and upset.

18、 C．Surprised and confused. D．Amused and puzzled. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，當Alfred Nobel看到報紙上的這則訃告的時候，非常吃驚。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，他不只是吃驚，而且還很生氣，故選B。 6．What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary? A．Seek excellence in the sciences. B．Donate all his money to the charity. C．Stop producing any

19、 killing weapons. D．Set up the Nobel prizes with his money. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.”可知，阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾看到這則訃告之后，想了很多，最終決定把他大筆的錢用于設(shè)立著名的諾貝爾獎，故選D。 7．Why does the author mention James Joyce a

20、nd Marcel Proust? A．To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes. B．To give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners. C．To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes. D．To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Even the award for literature has so

21、metimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.”(即便是諾貝爾文學獎有時候也會受到批評，因為獎項委員會經(jīng)常會忽視重要的作家。)可知，作者以這兩個人為例，是為了說明有時諾貝爾獎是存在爭議的。 8．What does the author think of the Nobel prizes? A．There should be more female winners. B．There are too many controversial winners. C．They

22、 have honored many worthy winners. D．The committee should be more selective. 解析：選C　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“few would disagree that most of the prizewinners ...deserve to be honored and remembered”可知，作者認為諾貝爾獎獎勵了很多值得贊賞的人，故選C。 C When a mathematics student was examined in the hospital, Dr.John Lorber discov

23、ered that he had almost no brain at all.Normally, the condition is quite severe in the first months of babyhood.Even when someone survives he or she is usually seriously disabled.Somehow, though, the student had lived a perfectly normal life and went on to gain a degree in mathematics.This case is b

24、y no means as rare as it seems. Lorber has identified (確認) several hundred people who have very small brains but who appear to be normally intelligent people.He describes some of them as having “no detectable brain”， yet they have scored up to 120 in IQ tests. No one knows how people with “no dete

25、ctable brain” are able to function at all, let alone graduate in mathematics.One suggestion is the old idea that we only use a small percentage of our brains anyway — perhaps as little as 10 per cent.But more recent research shows this idea is a misunderstanding dating from research in the 1930s in

26、which the functions of large areas of the brain could not be determined and were named “silent”， while in fact they are linked with important functions like speech and abstract thinking. The other interesting thing about Lorber's findings is that they remind us of the secret of memory.At first it w

27、as thought that there is a part in the brain for memory, like the memory chips in a PC.But further research of the brain has turned up the surprising fact that memory does not depend on any particular area in the brain.As one scientist put it, “Memory is everywhere in the brain and nowhere.” But if

28、 the brain is not a place for classifying and storing experiences and analyzing them to enable us to live our lives, then what on earth is the brain for？And where is the seat of human intelligence? Where is the mind? 語篇解讀：本文是一篇科普類說明文。作者從一個“無腦人”案例入手，分析了人類大腦的功能問題。 9．What will usually happen to a ver

29、y young baby without brain? A．It will die.　　　　 B．It will survive. C．It will be intelligent. D．It will become disabled. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的第二句和第三句可知，通常情況下，在出生的前幾個月里，(無腦)這種情況是非常嚴重的，有人即使存活下來，通常也會有嚴重的殘疾。由此可知，這種情況的死亡率很高，故選A項。 10．What is the new finding of the functions of the brain? A．Much of the b

30、rain is useful. B．The brain is in fact of no use. C．The brain determines one's IQ. D．Only a small part of the brain is used. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的第二句可知，舊的觀點是我們僅僅用了大腦很小的一部分；但下文對這一觀點進行了否定。“But more recent research shows this idea is a misunderstanding ...abstract thinking.”，即這種舊觀點是一種誤解。由此可知，我們并非只使用大

31、腦中很小的一部分，而是大腦的大部分區(qū)域都跟重要的功能相關(guān)聯(lián)，都是有用的，故選A項。 11．What do we know about the existence of memory? A．We use all of our brain. B．We have memory chips. C．We are fully aware of it. D．We are still confused about it. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞memory 定位到最后兩段。作者在指出關(guān)于人類記憶的兩種截然不同的觀點之后，連續(xù)提出了三個疑問，因此可知我們對于記憶的存在依然是很困惑

32、的，故選D項。 D By trying to tickle (使發(fā)癢) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals. It tu

33、rns out that Aristotle was wrong.In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies.These signs of joy changed according to their moods.And for the first time, they discovered a spec

34、ial group of nerve cells.These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control. To make sure that he had indeed found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, Ishiyama then stimulated (刺激) that area with electrical currents.The rats began to ju

35、mp like rabbits and sing like birds. “It's truly ground-breaking，”said Jeffrey Burgdorf, a neuroscientist at Northwestern University who reviewed the paper.“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.” Burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling.He was part of a te

36、am that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure.Others had already noted that rats repeatedly made short and high sounds during meals.But the lab where Burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing.And so on

37、e day, the senior scientist in the lab said，“Let's go and tickle some rats.” They quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled. “The authors have been very adventurous，” said Daniel O'Connor, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University.To him, that finding was very surprising. “Why does the

38、 world literally feel different when you are stressed out？” he said.“This is the first step towards answering that question.It gives us a way to approach it with experimental rigor (嚴謹)．” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文中科學家通過刺激老鼠來記錄它們的神經(jīng)細胞的反應(yīng)，所得出的結(jié)論將對情緒的研究提升到了一個全新的高度。 12．What contributed to humans' being ticklish

39、 according to Aristotle? A．Their special skin.　　 B．Their social pleasure. C．Their nervous system. D．Their willingness to touch. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals”可知，亞里士多德認為人類由于其皮膚薄，而且有獨特的笑的能

40、力而成為唯一怕癢的動物，故選A項。 13．Which of the following statements will Jeffrey Burgdorf agree with? A．The research process is full of risks. B．The finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable. C．The new discovery is beneficial for the study of emotion. D．The finding of the study actually contradict

41、s modern science. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“It takes the study of emotion to a new level.”可知，這項研究成果把對情緒的研究提升到了一個全新的高度，顯然，這對情緒的研究是有益處的。故選C項。 14．The underlined word “squeaked” in Paragraph 2 may be replaced by “________”． A．gave a smile　　　　　 B．made a noise C．burst into tears D．watched with staring eyes

42、 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該詞后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知，當在老鼠的背部和腹部撓癢癢的時候，它們會高興地跳起來，再結(jié)合第三段中的“The rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds.”可知，此處是“發(fā)出聲音”，故選B項。 15．What is the best title for the text? A．The Life of Rats B．How Rats Laugh C．A Wonderful Scienti

43、st D．A New Discovery about Rats 解析：選D　標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了一項關(guān)于老鼠的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D項。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 Amanda is a good student whose favourite subject is math, but she's facing another kind of problem: cancer.She was diagnosed (診斷) when she was 11.__1__ “The doctor was great regretful about telling me what the d

44、isease was and what to expect，” she says.“The only thing that really got to me was when she said I'd lose my hair.” Sure enough, after the treatment to kill the cancer cells, Amanda's long hair began to fall out.Because she has very little hair, Amanda notices that strangers often stare at her.__2_

45、_ “I still play with my friends，” she says, “but we have to be more careful now because of the risk of infection (感染)．And we mostly play in my house.” While she's being treated, Amanda can't go to some of her favourite places or do some of her favourite things, __3__ She can't swim.She's also not a

46、llowed to lie in the sun. For Amanda, the hardest part about having cancer is not being able to be as social as she would like to be.__4__ Instead, she's taught privately (個人地) at home. Right now, she's making the most of her time at home.She's optimistic (樂觀的) about the future and looks forward t

47、o feeling better.Meanwhile, Amanda says it's important to let others know that she's the same person she's always been.“After all，” she says, “you just lose something.__5__” A．It doesn't mean you lose everything. B．But her friends are used to her new look. C．Amanda was brave when she heard the

48、 news. D．She can't go to the mall or go to dancing lessons. E．Then she saw how upset her parents were and she was afraid. F．Before she started feeling sick, she was just like all her friends. G．Because she might get sick from the other children, Amanda can't attend school. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了勇敢

49、的女孩阿曼達，她身患癌癥卻依然堅強面對。 1．選C　根據(jù)后面她說的話可知當醫(yī)生告訴她病情的時候，她并沒有感到非常害怕，只是提到要失去頭發(fā)這件事情時，她才感到傷心，可推知她非常勇敢。故選C項。 2．選B　前面提到陌生人因為她頭發(fā)少而注視她，而后面提到朋友仍然和她一起玩，可知朋友們已經(jīng)習慣了她的狀況。故選B項。 3．選D　前面一句說她不能去一些最喜歡的地方，也不能做一些最喜歡做的事情。空格后的一句話是在說她不能做的事情，故此處填她不能去的地方，故選D項。 4．選G　上一句說到她不能進行正常的社交活動，下文就要解釋為什么不能進行社交活動，故選G，解釋原因。 5．選A　根據(jù)前一句“你失去了一些東西”，可知接下來要說，“但是你沒有失去一切”。 9