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1、專題十五　任務型閱讀 挖命題 【考情探究】 考點 內容 命題規(guī)律 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 合計 預測熱度 任務型 閱讀 此題型主要考查考生語篇分析能力、詞匯能力以及其他的語言深層挖掘能力等。 文章原詞 2 2 2 2 2 10 ★★ 原文詞性、 詞形變換 1 1 2 2 1 7 ★★ 歸納總結 得出答案 7 7 6 6 7 33 ★★★ 分析解讀　任務型閱讀在江蘇高考英語試題中占有較大比重,考題形式以表格形和樹狀形為主,文章體裁以議論文、說明文為主,文章篇幅往往較長,閱讀量大,但結

2、構清晰。該題型綜合性很強,思維含量較高,答案既要忠實于原文,又要不局限于原文,原詞填空題和詞性、詞形變換題在逐漸減少,通過歸納總結得出答案的題逐漸增多,另外還有推斷作者意圖和態(tài)度的考題,這必將增加該題型的難度,所以得分一直偏低。因此考生應具備不同的閱讀技能和語言應用能力,涉及詞性轉換、詞語釋義、同義替換、語法結構、歸納演繹、結構分析、細節(jié)理解等。 過專題 【五年高考】 A組　自主命題·江蘇卷題組 Passage 1(2018江蘇) How Arts Promote Our Economy When most people think of the arts, they imagin

3、e the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged. The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. An

4、y given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills. Another group of folks is needed to help market the event.“If you build it they

5、will come”is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full- or part-time employees or in

6、dependent contractors. A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(連鎖反應) throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began p

7、roducing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District. No doubt the theater has contributed to the are

8、a’s development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good. TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomb

9、erg’s investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce$298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the a

10、rts have an economic impact of almost $3 billion and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers. The arts are efficient economic drivers and when th

11、ey are supported, the entire small-business community benefits. It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who t

12、ruly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities. Arts as an economic driver Our communities　1　from arts in terms of economy.? 　2　of arts’ promoting our economy? Arts activity demands a(n) 　3　effort. It involves creation, per

13、formance, and　4　.? ◆Artists make a living through their creative work. ◆Others get paid by marketing the event. Arts have a gradually spreading 　5　. They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.? ◆Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their 　6　to and from

14、 the events.? ◆Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy. Investment in arts could produce potential 　7　economic results.? ◆TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000. ◆In Dallas, one dol

15、lar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary return of nearly $300. ◆In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers 　8　arts industry.? Art students making a good living With these 　9　in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a(n) 　1

16、0　plan.? 答案 1.benefit　2.Ways　3.joint/collective　4.promotion/marketing　5.effect　6.fares　 7.positive　8.outside/beyond　9.statistics/data/analyses　10.alternative Passage 2(2017江蘇) Population Change Why is the world’s population growing?The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the exp

17、losion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a d

18、efining one of the 21st. Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all

19、developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might

20、cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades. A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply?First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors s

21、uch as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble. Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that

22、 of those being born by a massive 50%.Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring?Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If curr

23、ent trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050. In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate i

24、s highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated. One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigrati

25、on. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to wit

26、ness strong economic growth over the longer term. Population Change 答案 1.lower　2.size/scale　3.immediate　4.economic　5.old/older　6.earlier　7.living/life　8.equality　9.immigration　pensate Passage 3(2016江蘇) An Extension of the Human Brain Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emo

27、tional deficiencies (欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social prostheti

28、c (義肢的) system”. Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face, and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It’s already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment. Regarding memory:

29、 Once I look up something on the Internet, I don’t need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I’m

30、 writing;I’m no longer comfortable writing if I’m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed,Wikipedia, or other websites. Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when

31、I’m writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea”, I now quickly look to see whether someb

32、ody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet. These

33、 effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I’ve begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting). But that

34、’s the upside (好處). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between. An Extension of the Human Brain A prosthetic nature ●The 　1　can help make up for our men

35、tal and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.? ●It 　2　in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities.? Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment ●On the Internet, we could quickly and

36、 easily locate the details, and check facts, without 　3　them in mind.? ●The Internet makes us smarter over 　4　kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 　5　of the matter.? ●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to　6　our claims, and to 　7　

37、our actions.? The 　8　sides? of smartphones ●Smartphones make it easier and more 　9　to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.? ●Smartphones 　10　the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time.? 答案 1.Internet　2.participates/joins　3.keeping　4.all/different/variou

38、s　5.heart/core　6.check　7.judge　8.mixed/two　9.convenient　10.reduce Passage 4(2015江蘇) People select news in expectation of a reward.This reward may be either of two kinds.One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle,the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.For want of better nam

39、es,we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward. In general,the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption,accidents and disasters,sports,social events,and human interest.Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affa

40、irs,economic matters,social problems,science,education,and health. News of the first kind pays its rewards at once.A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder,shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurrican

41、e,identify himself with the winning team,laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs. News of the second kind,however,pays its rewards later.It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as,for example,when he reads of the threatening foreign situatio

42、n,the mounting national debt,rising taxes,falling market,scarce housing,and cancer.It has a kind of “threat value”.It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.When a reader selects delayed reward news,he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself

43、 only by hard work.When he selects news of the other kind,he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world. For any individual,of course,the boundaries of these two classes are not stable.For example,a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem,rather th

44、an for its immediate reward.A coach may read a sports story for its threat value:he may have to play that team next week.A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting,not for its delayed reward,but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.In any given story of cor

45、ruption or disaster,a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience,but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.Therefore,while the division of categories holds in general,an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to

46、 another,or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward. What news stories do you read? Division of news stories ●People expect to get　1　from reading news.? ●News stories are roughly divided into two classes. ●Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won’t. 　2　of?

47、 the two classes ●News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual　3　.? ●Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and　4　similar feelings with those involved.? ●News of delayed reward will make readers s

48、uffer,or present a 　5　to them.? ●News of delayed reward will induce the reader to　6　for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to 　7　from the reality.? Unstable boundaries of the two classes ●What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their　8　.? ●Serio

49、us readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and　9　themselves to the reality.? ●Thus,the division,on the whole,　10　on the reader.? 答案 1.rewards/rewarded2.Explanations　3.involvement　4.share　5.threat　6.prepare　7.withdraw　8.profession(s)/intention　9.adapt　10.depends　 Pass

50、age 5(2014江蘇) The expression,“everybody’s doing it,”is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure.It is a strong influence of a group,especially of children,on members of that group to behave as everybody else does.It can be positive or negative.Most people experience it in some way du

51、ring their lives. People are social creatures by nature,and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others.This instinct(天性)is why the approval of peers,or the fear of disapproval,is such a powerful force in many people’s lives.It is the same instinct t

52、hat drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work,or to answer “fine”when a stranger asks“how are you?”even if it is not necessarily true.There is a practical aspect to this:it helps society to function efficiently,and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies da

53、y-to-day interaction. For certain individuals,seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction;in order to satisfy the desire,they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs,or join gangs that encourage c

54、riminal behavior.Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work,or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to“keep up with the Joneses”. However,peer pressure is

55、not always negative.A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs,or to help an adult take up a good habit or

56、drop a bad one.Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves. Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure.They teach kids to stand up and be themselves,and encourage them to politely decline to do things tha

57、t they believe are wrong.Similarly,it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups. What is Peer Pressure 答案 1.feeling　2.influences　3.practical　4.unconsciously　5.individuals　6.moral　7.spirit　8.habits　9.independent　10.no B組　統(tǒng)一命題、省(區(qū)、市)卷題組 Passa

58、ge 1(2015安徽) Put a group of strangers in a room together,and they’ll probably start a conversation.“Hot today,isn’t it?”one might say.“You said it,”another replies. Why do we talk so much about the weather?When we meet new people,we don’t begin by telling them our life story.We start with small ta

59、lk,a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather. Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships.When we begin conversations with new people,we want to feel comfortable,and so do they.We use small talk to find common interests.Once we have a common interest,a friendship

60、 can begin. Small talk even helps people get hired.In order to impress at a job interview,you need to bond with the interviewer right away.Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job. So,how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job?First off,find common ground.S

61、elect something around you that you share with the other person. Next,keep the conversation going.Compliment(贊美)the other person to make him or her feel comfortable,and ask questions to show interest. Third,keep eye contact(接觸).When you look people in the eye,they feel you appreciate what they are

62、 saying.It makes you appear honest and builds trust. Naturally,shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers.Talking to someone you don’t know is not the easiest thing to do!Some experts say with more practice,small talk does get easier. Some people avoid sma

63、ll talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather.For them,they are just too small.However,when you think about it,small talk is anything but small.In fact,it is actually a very big deal! Title Small Talk:A Big 　1　? Introduction We are likely to make small talk when we　2　mee

64、t people.? 　3　? Small talk can help people form　4　friendships.? Small talk can also help people get a　5　.? Advice Find some topics　6　with the other person.? Keep the talk going by making compliments and　7　questions.? Keep eye contact in conversation to build　8　.? 　9　more in order to make sma

65、ll talk easier.? Conclusion Small talk really　10　a lot to us.? 答案 1.Deal　2.first　3.Benefits/Advantages　4.new　5.job/position/post　6.shared　7.asking/raising　8.trust　9.Practice/Practise　10.matters/means Passage 2(2014安徽) Many people believe that classical music is not relevant to young people t

66、oday.However,this issue(問題)frequently causes heated debate. Some people say that classical music is associated only with old people.For example,if you look at the audience at a classical concert,the majority is over the age of fifty. Others say it is more popular than we first imagine.Many young people listen to classical music without realising.It is often used in films and advertisements.For example,a famous piece of classical music was used as the theme music for the 1990 World Cup.No