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第三章句型 在英語中 根據(jù)句子用途的不同 可以分為陳述句 疑問句 祈使句和感嘆句四類 此外 therebe句型作為一種特殊而重要的句型 在小學階段也應注意掌握 知識梳理 一 陳述句的概念陳述句是用來陳述事實或者說話人的看法的句子 它包括肯定句和否定句兩種 在書寫時句末用句點 在朗讀時用降調(diào) 如 Thisisanicebook Susanlikesmathsverymuch Myfatherdoesn tgotoworkonweekends Theyaren tgoingtoclimbthemountainthisSaturday 第一節(jié)陳述句 二 肯定句變否定句的基本方法1 句中有be動詞的句子 變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r只需在be動詞后加not 如 1 IaminGradeSixthisyear I mnot Iamnot inGradeSixthisyear 2 Mikeisgoingtoplayfootballthisafternoon Mikeisn t isnot goingtoplayfootballthisafternoon 3 Theseareredapples Thesearen t arenot redapples 4 Itwasafinedayyesterday Itwasn t wasnot afinedayyesterday 5 Wewerehappyatthattime Weweren t werenot happyatthattime 2 句中含有情態(tài)動詞的句子 變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r只需在情態(tài)動詞后加not 如 1 Petercanfly Petercan t cannot fly 2 Youshouldstopsmokingnow Youshouldn t shouldnot stopsmokingnow 3 實義動詞的否定句 謂語動詞為行為動詞的句子變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r 要根據(jù)時態(tài)選用do的相應形式 do does did 并在其后加not 如 1 Ilikelisteningtomusic Idon tlikelisteningtomusic 2 Myfatherlikesplayingsports Myfatherdoesn tlikeplayingsports 3 Grandmadoeshouseworkeveryday Grandmadoesn tdohouseworkeveryday 4 Hedidhishomeworklastnight Hedidn tdohishomeworklastnight 注 加donot doesnot或didnot改為否定句以后 要把原句的動詞改為動詞原形 特別是當原句中的謂語動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)形式does或過去式did時 改為否定句一定要記得在doesn t或didn t之后加上do 4 幾種特殊形式的否定句 1 肯定句中含有every 的合成詞時 變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r將其改為no 的合成詞 如 Everythingisready Nothingisready 2 肯定句中含有always usually或ever時 變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r將其改為never 如 Heisalwayslateforschool Heisneverlateforschool Iusuallygototheparkonfoot Inevergototheparkonfoot 3 肯定句中含有many或much時 變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r將其改為few或little 如 Manystudentsknowhim Fewstudentsknowhim Thereismuchmilkinthebottle Thereislittlemilkinthebottle 4 肯定句中含有both both and 或all時 變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r將其改為neither neither nor 或none 并注意謂語動詞要相應變化 如 Bothofusarestudents Neitherofusisastudent BothyouandIareright NeitheryounorIamright Allthestudentsareintheclassroom Noneofthestudentsisintheclassroom 5 Ithink 句式變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r 只要在think之前加don t即可 如 Ithinkyouareright Idon tthinkyouareright 考點精析 考點1考查陳述句基礎句型的運用能力 例1 根據(jù)圖片將句子補充完整 每空一詞 1 Thisruleris 2 They 解析 本題考查學生對陳述句基本句型的運用能力 第1小題的句子形式是 主語 系動詞 表語 因此 橫線上需要填上一個單詞或短語對主語進行修飾或限定 第2題只給出了主語They 只要能根據(jù)圖片內(nèi)容寫出符合圖意的句子 并保證句子語句通順和語法正確就可以了 答案 1 long2 likeplayingfootball areplayingfootball 舉一反三1 改錯 選出錯誤項的字母編號并改正在后面的橫線上 1 Mybrotherisplayingpiano ABC 2 Someboyscomesinhappily ABC 3 It sgoingtowarmtomorrow ABC C B B playingthepiano comein bewarm 2 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當填空 1 There somebagsintheroom Theblackone mine be 2 Ahorse run butit fly can 3 Davidalways hishomeworkat7 00p m do 4 Look thefish inthewater Theyaresocute swim are is can can t does areswimming 考點2考查陳述句的句式轉(zhuǎn)換 例2 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型 1 Todayisarainyday 改為否定句 2 Hedoessportsthreetimesaweek 改為否定句 解析 本題考查肯定句和否定句的轉(zhuǎn)換 要注意轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則 第1小題中有be動詞is 則只需要在is之后加上not即可 第2小題中沒有be動詞 而是行為動詞do的三單形式does 在改寫否定句的時候 要先加上doesn t 然后再將原來的does還原為do 放在does之后 這種題是最容易出錯的 答案 1 Todayisn tarainyday 2 Hedoesn tdosportsthreetimesaweek 舉一反三根據(jù)括號內(nèi)動詞的提示 將下列句子改為否定句 1 Sarah can swim 2 I do wanttoeatmorecandies 3 Atiger can fly butitcanjump 4 You should putonyourjacket 5 You must smokehere 6 It was rainyyesterday can t don t can t shouldn t mustn t wasn t 過關檢測 1 單項填空 1 Myfather likeapples A isn tB doesn tC don t 2 I likepopmusic A isn tB doesn tC don t 3 I gotoschoolyesterday A doB don tC didn t 4 What sthis abook A ThatisB It sC This 5 I manybirthdaypresents A amB hasC have B C C B C 6 Mymother badmintonwell A isplayB playC plays 7 I freelastSunday A amB didC was 8 Thegirlreads A loudB loudlyC loudy 9 Mymotherwouldlike somemeat A buyB buyingC tobuy 10 Hereisacard yourfather A inB fromC to C C B C B 二 將下列句子改為否定句 每空一詞 1 Thisisadesk This adesk 2 Mysistercandrawpictures Mysister drawpictures 3 Wedomorningexerciseseveryday We morningexerciseseveryday 4 Mikedoeshishomeworkafterdinner Mike hishomeworkafterdinner 5 Mygrandparentsdidsportsinthegardenyesterday Mygrandparents sportsinthegardenyesterday isn t can t don t do doesn t do didn t do 6 Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike There wrongwithmybike 7 BothJoanandIareinClassOne Joan I inClassOne 8 Allofuscanswim canswim 9 Youcanplaybasketballhere You playbasketballhere 10 Ithinkitisgoingtoraintomorrow I goingtoraintomorrow isn t anything is nothing Neither nor am None of us can t don t think it s 三 按要求改寫下列句子 1 Thisisabanana 改為復數(shù)形式 2 Therearesomeapplesonthedesk 改為否定句 3 Ifeelbadlastnight 改為同義句 4 I mgoingtoBeijingnextweek 改為一般疑問句 并作肯定回答 Thesearebananas Therearen tanyapplesonthedesk Ididn tfeelwelllastnight AreyougoingtoBeijingnextweek Yes Iam 四 連詞成句 1 sister s my shorter hair is mine than 2 should you read loudly English 3 there some noodles are the an egg and on plate 4 yesterday feel didn t well I 5 in at the six I up morning usually get Mysister shairisshorterthanmine YoushouldreadEnglishloudly Therearesomenoodlesandaneggontheplate Ididn tfeelwellyesterday Iusuallygetupatsixinthemorning