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新視野視聽說3（第二版） Unit1 Enjoy the colorful campus life! II. Basic Listening Practice Keys: 1.C 2.D 3. B 4.D 5.A III. Listening In Task 1:On the first day Keys: (1)the first day (2)changing (3)really good (4)hard workers (5)went over her head (6)explained (7)notes (8)Wednesday (9)participation (10)education Task 2:How to select elective courses? Keys: (1)extra training (2)chemistry (3)accounting (4)many fields of study (5)better potential (6)business degree (7)challenging (8)how to learn (9)better understanding (10)narrow-minded Task3: How to get straight As? Keys:1.B 2.C 3. D 4.A 5.D IV. Speaking Out MODEL1 MODEL2 MODEL3 V. Let?ˉs Talk Task 1:Maintaining the quality or increasing the intake? Keys: (1)quality (2)young (3)25 (4)difficult (5)government (6)quality (7)cut (8)extra-cautious (9)afford (10)experience (11)more (12)blame (13)budget (14)puzzled (15)service Task 2:Whats your answer? According to the interviewee, its difficult to strike a balance between maintaining the educational quality and making sure as many people as possible receive university education. In the past years, China has been confronted with the same problem. The university enrollment has been on the increase and some institutions of higher learning do not have enough teachers and teaching facilities, thus affecting the educational quality. Task 3:Lets group work! VI. Further Listening and Speaking Listening Task: Task1: Problems with our educational system Script: Hi, everybody. My topic today is "Problems with our educational system". I disagree on a lot of the ways that things have happened for a long time in our educational system. It seems that educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academic performance and neglect students abilities and interest in other areas. I think there are a lot of people who are very intelligent, but havent had the opportunities they could have had if they had learned in a broader-minded educational system. I feel that a lot of courses that students are required to take in high school are too academic, and, as a result, many kids have lost their interest in learning.Educators often fail to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They simply exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isnt really possible. And as a consequence, some students I believe to be intelligent cant get into good colleges if they, you know, havent scored well on the math section, even if they are brilliant writers. Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called weak students are separated from the rest of the school. Some kids are kept in a separate class if their grades are lower than others. And theyre very aware of their social position, you know. I think it causes them to act in a way that is not really positive. Theyre just acting in a way they are expected. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And thats pretty sad. I think that many of the kids in those classes are intelligent, but they never actually realize their potential because of the way they are treated early on in their education. Keys: (1)standardized tests (2)abilities and interest (3)interest (4)pressure (5)well-rounded (6)get into good colleges (7)the rest of the school (8)from bad to worse Task 2: The final exam Script At a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, etc. that each had an "A" so far for the semester. These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before the final, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time and didnt make it back to school until early Monday morning. Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on the way back and didnt have a spare. As a result, they missed the final. The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate rooms, handed each of them a paper, and told them to begin. They looked at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. "Cool," they all thought at the same time, each one in his separate room, "this is going to be easy." Each finished the problem and then turned the page. On the second page was a question worth 95 points: "Which of the tires was flat?" Keys: (1)course (2)quizzes (3)semester (4)confident (5)party (6)make (7)missed (8)they had a flat tire on the way back and didnt have a spare (9)placed them in separate rooms, handed each of them a paper (10)On the second page was a question worth Task3: Harvard University Script Harvard University is the oldest institute of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the university has grown from nine students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 21,000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,100 faculty members. Harvard has produced eight American presidents and many Nobel Prize winners. During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan churches throughout New England, the university was never formally affiliated with a specific religious group. Under President Pusey, Harvard started what was then the largest fundraising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5-million-dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvards physical facilities. NeiI L. Rudenstine took office as Harvards 26th president in 1991. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the universitys schools and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvards main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the importance of the universitys excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvards doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, and the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage. Keys: 1.B 2.A 3. C 4.D 5.D Viewing and speaking: Task 1:University budget cuts Script Host: Well, David Lammy, the University Minister, joins me from Westminster. Now thanks for joining us this lunchtime, Mr. Lammy. How do these cuts... tie in with your much trumpeted commitment to increasing higher education? Interviewee: Well, I think its important to remind viewers that we will spend well over 12 billion pounds on higher education this year and to also say that there will be more students at university next year than ever before in our history. But what is important is that when they get to university, is that they have good facilities, good buildings, that they have good contact with their lecturers and, for students from poorer backgrounds that they receive a grant. And you know 40 percent of students who are going to university are in receipt of some grants. So we have to plan... Host:But theres going to be less money next year. Thats the bottom line, isnt it? Interviewee: Er, we are asking universities to make a one percent cut in their teaching grant. Thats 51 million out of a total budget of over five billion. Look, I think there are families across the country preparing for Christmas spending a bit less and theyre, you know, its a lot more than one percent that theyre, theyre feeling. So I think this is reasonable to ask universities if we are to ensure that we can continue to send more young people to university and we remain committed to that. Host:And briefly, what about these two-year degrees? This is a reduction in standards, isnt it? Interviewee:Well, we, we, we... Its important in this country that we remember that students arent just the classic 18- to 21-year-old undergraduates. We want mature students. We want more parttime students and over the last few years weve been growing the number of foundation degree, two-year degrees that ensure that transition into high university and high level skills. Thats what we want to support and thats what were indicating in the grant letter that weve sent to universities over the last few days. Host:OK. David Lammy, thank you so much for joining us. Interviewee:Thank you. Keys: (1)increasing (2)12 / twelve (3)more (4)facilities (5)lecturers (6)poorer (7)grant (8)one (9)budget (10)less (11)young (12)classic (13)part-time (14)growing (15)two-year Task 2:Talk after viewing Script There will be more students at universities next year than ever before in our history. When they get to university, they have good facilities, good buildings, as well as good contact with their lecturers. Students from poorer backgrounds receive a grant. 40 percent of students who are going to university will receive some sort of grant. Unit 1 test Part I Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.D Part II (1)for (2)with (3)opportunity (4)tuition (5)explore (6)encounter (7)adventure (8)As with any country, it is not advisable to carry large amounts of cash around with you (9)Travelers checks are one of the safest and easiest ways to transport money, because you may have them replaced if they get lost or stolen (10)It is wise to bring about $100 with you in U.S. cash, so you will be able to manage upon your arrival in the States Part III 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.A Part IV 1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.C Uint2 Our globe is in danger! I.Lead in Task 1: sandstorm ; air pollution ; deforestation water pollution ; melting polar ice cap ; light pollution drought ; desertification ; littering II. Basic Listening Practice Keys: 1.B 2.D 3. A 4.A 5.C III. Listening In Task 1:We should have proper respect for nature! Script: Martha:Do you think most people in your culture respect nature? Ed:I think so. Um... more now than before. Martha:What do you think is the most serious environmental problem in the world today? Ed: Today... I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem, and another problem is pollution in big cities and things like that. Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems? Ed: Um... through school. A lot of clubs promote environmental safety, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safety and stuff like that. Martha: Do you think students should learn more about the environment at school? Ed: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all the problems that are going on, and also to prevent more problems from occurring. Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it be? Ed: A new law for the environment? Um... Id probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into the garbage bin, not just throw them everywhere because its just littering and I hate that. So they should be fined if they throw them on the floor or on the ground. Martha: Thats a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environment? Ed: Im so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get really angry. So I always throw my trash into the garbage bin. Keys: (1)nature (2)environmental problem (3)pollution (4)promote (5)aware of (6)from occurring (7)law (8)throw away (9)fined (10)trash Task 2:River pollution Script: If you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water is discolored and smelly, you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possible causes for it. First, fertilizer. If large amounts of fertilizer or farm waste drain into a river, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the water increase considerably.Algae use these substances to grow rapidly, turning the water green. This massive growth of algae leads to pollution. When the algae die, they are broken down by the action of the bacteria, which quickly multiply, using up all the oxygen in the water and therefore causing the death of fish. Second, industrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical waste into rivers. Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper, and mercury. These substances may enter the water in such high concentrations that fish and other animals are killed immediately. Sometimes the pollutants enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals. Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms a rainbow-colored film over the entire surface, preventing oxygen from entering the water. Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers. A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygen and upsets the balance of life in the water. Keys:1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D Task3: Curbing carbon emissions Script: Although it is not an easy task, China is striving to fulfill the promise to cut its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in the next 10 years. Zhang Guobao, Director of the National Energy Administration, said, "The government puts great emphasis on seeking harmonious development between cities and the environment, and is readjusting the energy structure by giving priority to the development of clean and low-carbon energies, including hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, and solar power." Government authorities have closed small, coal-fired plants with a total capacity of 60.06 million kilowatts in the past four years. This years target of closing 10 million kilowatts of capacity will be achieved by August. "We have promised to the international community that 15 percent of our power will be generated from nonfossil sources by 2020," Director Zhang said. At present, non-fossil energy accounts for only 7.8 percent. China is making efforts to increase the proportion of clean energy in its total energy consumption. Statistics show that China invested US$34.6 billion in clean energy last year, exceeding the United States which invested US$18.6 billion. Thus, China has become the world leader in generating clean energy. Five years earlier, Chinas investment in clean energy was only US$2.5 billion. However, Chinas carbon emission reduction target cannot be achieved easily. The shift to a low-carbon economy might be met at a cost to society. For instance, more than 400,000 people were laid off as a result of the shutdown of small coal-fired power plants in the past four years. Many studies indicate that the effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions may delay Chinas development, affect peoples income, and lead to unemployment. Keys:1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C IV. Speaking Out MODEL1 MODEL2 MODEL3 V. Let?ˉs Talk Task 1:Disappointment over climate negotiations Keys: 1) doesnt really actually commit anyone to doing anything, 2) the atmosphere simple cant take the kind of emissions weve been seeing in the business-as-usual scenario and theres no real commitment to change that. 3) Theres no real commitment to put serious money on the table 4) Its not backed by action, 5) It does not constitute a... a deal. 6) Its a hollow shell 7) it lacks anything on emissions cuts 8) Theres no guarantee that there will be new money, that the money will be real, that theres actually a commitment to get there, or that it will be channeled in new ways, Task 2:Whats your answer? Two speakers hold a negative attitude toward the world climate conference. Task 3:Lets group work! Developed countries should bear more responsibilities. First, they caused most of the world pollution in their industrialization process. Second, they are already economically advanced, with more funds to deal with pollution problems. On the other hand, developing countries caused less pollution in the past, and now they need rapid development. Therefore, an international agreement the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 stipulated common but differentiated responsibilities for developed and developing nations, which means that both should be responsible for environmental protection and cut carbon dioxide emissions, but the former must take more responsibility. Recently, however, some wealthy countries have insisted that developing countries like China should shoulder more responsibilities. VI. Further Listening and Speaking Listening Task: Task1: The environment and the development Script: Li:Hi, Professor Wang. Im Li Lin, a correspondent for the university newspaper. The staff and students here are getting more and more interested in the relationship between the environment and economic development. What do you think is the most serious environmental problem at present? What measures should we adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at the same time? Wang: There are many environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution, desertification, overfishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid rain, overconsumption of wild animals and plants, etc. But lying at the center of all those problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth and the environment. Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992, growing number of people and governments have adopted the new idea of "sustainable development". This means todays economic growth should not wipe out the resources and options for future generations. Planning and development should ensure not only economic growth, but also social advancement and environmental health. In other words, some economic behavior must be restricted or controlled. Instilling principles of sustainable development into government planning, resource management and economic policy is the most important step China can take to solve its environmental problems. China has already taken some remarkable steps to reduce damage to the environment. For instance, following the huge floods of 1998, the government banned logging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in order to protect forests and reduce the risk of floods. Still, the basic contradiction between the environment and development persists. Much work is to be done before we can achieve the aim of a balance between economic growth and the environment. Keys: (1)water pollution (2)overconsumption (3)economic growth (4)resources (5)social advancement (6)restricted (7)government planning (8)economic policy (9)remarkable steps (10)balance Task 2: Thick cloud of pollution covering southern Asia Script A United Nations study says a thick cloud of pollution covering southern Asia threatens the lives of millions of people. Scientists say the pollution could increase lung disease and cause early death. The cloud is also damaging agriculture and affecting rainfall levels. It has affected many countries in southern Asia. The pollution cloud is three kilometers high. Scientists say it can move halfway around the world in a week. The cloud is the result of forest fires, the burning of agricultural waste, and huge in