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1、Unit 4Unit 4Global Warming人教新課標選修六人教新課標選修六The effects of global warming Negative effects: 1 cause the sea level to rise; 2 severe storms; 3 droughts; 4 famine; 5 destruction of species 6 floodThe effects of global warming Positive effects: 1 make plants grow faster; 2 crops will produce more; 3 make

2、 life better Energy sources?International relations? Money?Technology? Which is the most important to a country? Man power?energy sources We depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives. For example, energy lights our cities and heats our buildings. Make a list of things that use energy in

3、your home, in your school, or any other places you can think of. stove light things that use energy in your home micro-wave oven cassette player heating television hairdryer video player fridge computer washing machine stoveWind energy is used as power to produce electricity . Windmillswhere electri

4、city is produced by burning coals.The coal power stationsin which oil is refined and made pure. The Oil Refineriesa facility designed to convert nuclear energy into electricity.A nuclear power plant on the roof of a house on a bright sunny day are used to collect solar energy, making your house warm

5、 or heating your water.Solar panelsare used to keep back water and raise its level for irrigation or for producing electricity, etc.The Hydro-electric dams An energy source is “renewable” when supplies of it never run out and “non-renewable” when one day they will run out. Which energy sources on yo

6、ur list are renewable and which are non-renewable? DiscussionCoalOilNatural gasUranium化化鈾鈾 (nuclear energy)Fossil fuels Non-renewable Wind (wind power) Sun (solar energy) Water (hydro-electric power) Plant waste 植物性廢物植物性廢物 (biomass energy 生物團能量生物團能量 ) Hot springs or geysers 間歇泉間歇泉 (geothermal energy

7、) The sea (tidal energy 潮汐能潮汐能 )RenewableWhat are fossil fuels? Fossil fuels are Ancient animal and plant material below the surface of the earth with a high carbon content, such as coal, oil and natural gas, which can be burnt to produce energy. They are also known as non-renewable energy because o

8、nce they are run out of /run out, they cannot be renewed.What are these buildings made of and what is their purpose? They are made of glass and plants can grow in it when it is cold outside.How does it work?The glass traps the heat from the sun, making the air warm so that plants can grow better.Gre

9、enhouse gases!Whats greenhouse gases effect?Greenhouse gases perform the same function as the glass in a greenhouse - They trap the heat of the sun and keep the air surrounding the earth warm.It is called the greenhouse effect.The Earth Is The Earth Is Becoming Warmer Becoming Warmer But Does It But

10、 Does It Matter?Matter?Translate the following words into English: Translate the following words into English: Fast ReadingScanning1.Who wrote the magazine article? What is the name of the magazine?2.What are the names of the three scientists mentioned in the article?3.What do they think about globa

11、l warming? Do they agree with one another?4.What are the two graphs about?Sophie Armstrong wrote the magazine article. The name of the magazine is “Earth care”.2.What are the names of the three scientists mentioned in the article?They are Dr. Janice Foster, Charles Keeling and George Hambley.1.Who w

12、rote the magazine article? What is the name of the magazine?3.What do they think about global warming? Do they agree with one another?There are some very different attitudes among scientists towards this issue.Some think the effects will be terrible, while some others believe that we should not worr

13、y about it. 4.What are the two graphs about?Graph 1 shows the temperature increase of one degree Fahrenheit between 1860 to 2000.Graph 2 shows the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.Graph 1:Graph 2:A. The earth. B. Global warming. C. Becoming warmer doesnt matter. skimming Sk

14、im the text to get the main idea of the passage and each paragraph, then divide the whole passage into 4 parts and summarise the main idea of each part.Main ideas of each partIntroduce a debate over the issue of global warmingExplanation about how global warming comes about.Two different attitudes a

15、mong scientists towards global warming.Two choices of dealing with this problem.Detailed-Reading Read the article in details and finish the following task. Dr. Janice FosterCarbon dioxide has caused the global temperature to _. An increase of five degrees would be a _ and could be _.go upcatastrophe

16、 very seriousThe different ideas between Dr. Janice Foster & George HambleyGeorge HambleyMore carbon dioxide is a _ thing,which makes crops _ and will encourage _.positiveproducea greater range of animalsSome peopleothersThe sea level _.predict_,_,_,_,_, and _.rise by several metressevere stormsdrou

17、ghtsfamines the spread of diseases Other peoples ideafloodsthe disppearance of species True or false?1. The temperature in the last century did not seem to increase much. 2. Everyone believes that global warming is caused by the activities of humans.3. Janice Foster believes that she can measure the

18、 future global rise in temperature.TTF4. The rise in carbon dioxide is causing a steady increase in global warming. 5. George Hambley believes that global warming will do good rather than harm to the earth.6. It is clear what the effects of global warming will be.TTFA : We shall do something about g

19、lobal warming.B: We shall do nothing about global warming.DebateGlobal warming has attracted the worlds attention, because it affects us and will affect our later generations. Even though we are not sure about the effects of global warming, we should still hope for the best, prepare for the worst.Su

20、mmary 1. matter 要緊、有關系，要緊、有關系，= be importantIt doesnt matter if I miss the train because theres another one in ten minutes.It is what you do rather than what you say that matters. Language points 2. It is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes. compare vt. 1)比較比較; 對照對照 comparewith表示

21、表示“把把與與相比相比(同類相比同類相比)” 如：如： Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate.2) 喻為喻為; 比擬比擬compareto 表示表示“把把比做比做(異類異類相比相比, 比喻比喻)” 如：如： My handwriting can not be compared with my fathers.我的書法不能與我父親的相比。我的書法不能與我父親的相比。Shakespeare compared the world to a stage. 莎士比亞把人世比做舞臺。莎士比亞把人世比做舞臺。用法拓展用法拓展(1

22、)compare notes 交換意見交換意見(2)beyond comparison/compare 無與倫比無與倫比(3)compare.to.把把比作比作(4)compare.with.把把和和相比相比Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努和你哥哥相比，你應該更加努力學習英語。力學習英語。come about: 發(fā)生發(fā)生, 造成造成, 相當于相當于happen你能告訴我事情是怎么發(fā)生的嗎？你能告訴我事情是怎么發(fā)生的嗎？ Can you tell m

23、e how the accident came about?隨著電的使用隨著電的使用, 種種大變化發(fā)生了。種種大變化發(fā)生了。With the use of electricity, great changes have come about. come out 出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn); 出版出版come up 出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn); 被提出被提出3. So how has this come about and does it matter?come aboutcome acrosscome roundcome into beingcome into effectcome outcome down to earth發(fā)生

24、發(fā)生偶然遇到偶然遇到繞道而來繞道而來, 蘇醒蘇醒出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn), 形成形成開始生效開始生效出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn); 出版出版; 顯出顯出回到現(xiàn)實中來回到現(xiàn)實中來come about 是不及物短語。是不及物短語。 Please tell me how the accident _. I am still in the dark. (2005 江西江西) A. came by B. came out C. came to D. came aboutD4. There is no doubt that.doubt 1) 作不可數(shù)名詞作不可數(shù)名詞, 作作“疑惑疑惑; 懷疑懷疑”肯定句中肯定句中doubt多接多接wheth

25、er (一般不用一般不用if代替代替) 同位語從句。同位語從句。否定句中否定句中doubt多接多接that同位語從句。如同位語從句。如: Theres some doubt _ hell keep his promise. She had her doubt _ the new book would sell well. whetherwhetherThere is no doubt _ they will ask you for help. I have no doubt _ you will succeed. 2)作及物動詞常用于下列句型中作及物動詞常用于下列句型中, 作作“懷疑懷疑;不能

26、肯定不能肯定; 不大相信不大相信”解解, 一般不用進行時態(tài)。一般不用進行時態(tài)。thatthat用于否定句或疑問句用于否定句或疑問句, 后接后接that引導的賓語引導的賓語從句。從句。用于肯定句用于肯定句, 一般接一般接whether 或或if引導的賓語引導的賓語從句。從句。 如如: I dont doubt _ he is telling the truth. 我毫不懷疑他在講真話。我毫不懷疑他在講真話。 Do you doubt _ he will win the match? 你懷疑他會贏這場比賽嗎你懷疑他會贏這場比賽嗎? I doubt _ we will make a profit o

27、ut of it. 我認為我們不可能從此事中獲利。我認為我們不可能從此事中獲利。 We doubt _ she will be persuaded. 我們不知道她會不會被說服。我們不知道她會不會被說服。 whether/ifwhether/ifthatthat4. subscribe to1) 同意同意; 支持支持I dont subscribe to such views. 我不同意這樣的觀點。我不同意這樣的觀點。 2) 對對.捐款捐款Many people subscribed liberally to the relief fund. 許多人為救災基金慷慨解囊。許多人為救災基金慷慨解囊。

28、 3) 訂閱訂閱(書籍等書籍等)He subscribed to Readers Digest.他訂閱他訂閱讀者文摘讀者文摘。5. Without the green house effect, the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is. 如果沒有溫室效應如果沒有溫室效應, 地球會比現(xiàn)在冷地球會比現(xiàn)在冷33。 這是一個含蓄虛擬條件句。這是一個含蓄虛擬條件句。 有時假設的情況并不以條件從句形式表示有時假設的情況并不以條件從句形式表示 出來出來, 而是通過一個介詞短語或其他方式而是通過一個介詞短語

29、或其他方式 表示。常用的詞或短語有表示。常用的詞或短語有: without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。等。 e.g. Without your help ( = If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded要是沒有你的幫助要是沒有你的幫助, 我們是不會成功的。我們是不會成功的。He felt very tired yesterday, or he wouldhave attended the party他昨天很累他昨天很累, 不然他就參加那個聚會了不然他就參加那個聚會了。6. quantit

30、y n. 數(shù)量數(shù)量; 量量1)“a large/small quantity of +不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”表示表示“大量的大量的/少量的少量的”, 當它修飾名詞作主語時當它修飾名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)2)“l(fā)arge/small quantities of +不可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)”,但謂語動詞用但謂語動詞用復數(shù)復數(shù)。 Large quantities of cotton have been shipped all over the world already.A large quantity of bamboo is

31、 used for pipes to carry water. 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞和和不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞均可修飾：均可修飾：lots of = a lot of a quantity of = quantities of a mass of = masses of , plenty of只修飾只修飾可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞：many, a great/large number of = large numbers of, a good/great many, scores of, dozens of只修飾只修飾不可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞：much, a great/large amount ofa gr

32、eat/good deal of注意：注意：amounts of + 不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞充當句子名詞充當句子的主語時的主語時, 其謂語動詞用其謂語動詞用復復數(shù)。數(shù)。an amount of + 不可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞充當句子名詞充當句子的主語時的主語時,其謂語動詞用其謂語動詞用單單數(shù)。數(shù)。 the amount of +不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞the number of +可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞 e.g. What are you going to do with the amount of money?7. It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped

33、in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.二氧化碳量的增加意味著更多的熱能滯留在二氧化碳量的增加意味著更多的熱能滯留在大氣中，結果造成地球溫度的上升。大氣中，結果造成地球溫度的上升。主句是主句是 “It means”; that 引導的是賓語從句，引導的是賓語從句，其中的分詞短語其中的分詞短語 “causing the global temperature to go up”作結果狀語。作結果狀語。 tend vi.傾向；易于；照顧傾向；易于；照顧 vt.照顧；護理照顧；護理1)tend to/toward sth. 有

34、有的趨勢；傾向于的趨勢；傾向于 tend (to) 照顧照顧 2)tendency n.傾向傾向 a tendency to/towards sth的傾向，趨勢的傾向，趨勢 have a tendency to do sth. 傾向于做某事，傾向于做某事， 往往會做某事往往會做某事Eg. My grandmother tends to go to bed early every day. He has a tendency to forget things.go up 1) 上升上升Prices have gone up again. 物價又上漲了。物價又上漲了。 2) 被建造起來被建造起來N

35、ew factories are going up everywhere. 到處在興建新工廠。到處在興建新工廠。 result in 產生，導致產生，導致 （lead to, cause sth to happen) result from 由由引起，產生引起，產生 ( lie in, occur, as a result of/because of )The accident resulted _ the drivers carelessness, which resulted _ the death of two passengers.fromin8.1.The experiment _

36、the discovery of a cure for cancer. A. resulted in B. lead to C. resulted from D. was caused by2. He slipped and broke his leg. _, he will have to be away from school for two or three months. A. Resulting in B. With the result that C. As a result D. The result is that9. On the one hand, Dr Foster th

37、inks that the trend which increases the temperature by 5 degrees would be a catastrophe. On the one hand, this activity is interesting ; on the other hand ,it makes people happy . You should pay attention to the trend of public opinion.(輿論導向）輿論導向） The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe. 10. On th

38、e other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view, believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.在另一方面在另一方面, 還有一些人還有一些人, 對這一觀點對這一觀點持反對態(tài)度持反對態(tài)度, 像科學家喬治像科學家喬治 漢布利漢布利, 他們認為我們不必擔心空氣中高含量他們認為我們不必擔心空氣中高含量的二氧化碳。的二氧化碳。on the other hand: 另一方面另一方面

39、Id like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to be studying. 我想去參加聚會我想去參加聚會, 但從另一方面來說但從另一方面來說, 我應該留下來學習。我應該留下來學習。oppose vt. 反對反對; 反抗反抗 如：如：be opposed to sth./doing sth. 反對某事反對某事/做某事做某事I am opposed to going shoppin

40、g with others.我反對與他人一起外出購物。我反對與他人一起外出購物。He is strongly opposed to the plan.他強烈反對這一計劃。他強烈反對這一計劃。oppose sth./doing sth. 反對某事反對某事/做某事做某事oppose后若接動詞后若接動詞, 則用其動名詞形式，則用其動名詞形式，而不用動詞不定式。而不用動詞不定式。The young man opposed/objected to turning to his parents for help.11. consequence n. 結果結果, 后果后果, 影響影響 in conseque

41、nce 因此因此 as a consequence 結果結果 as a consequence of 由于由于的結果的結果 It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled. He studied hard, and in consequence he passed the exam. +n.12. state +that從句從句 +wh-從句；從句；他已公開聲明他會支持那項政策。他已公開聲明他會支持那項政策。He has publicly _ _ _ for the policy.stated his support我

42、我聽見那位官員說不接納兒童。聽見那位官員說不接納兒童。I heard the official state that they would not accept children.合合同清楚地敘述了那項工作應在何時完成。同清楚地敘述了那項工作應在何時完成。The contract stated when the work should be finished.v. 陳述陳述, 聲明；聲明； n. 狀況狀況, 情況情況; 國家；國家；13. Range n. 范圍，種類范圍，種類1）beyond the range of 超越超越的范圍的范圍 out of ones range 某人達不到的某人

43、達不到的 in/ within range 在在范圍內范圍內 a wide range of 一系列一系列 a full range of 各種各種 這家商店商品品種多。這家商店商品品種多。 The shop keeps _.a wide range of goods 2)range from to 在什么范圍內變動在什么范圍內變動 range betweenand 在什么和什么范圍內變動在什么和什么范圍內變動溫度在溫度在15度到度到35度之間。度之間。The temperature _.ranges from 15 to 35 degrees14. built up逐步建立；增加；增進逐步建

44、立；增加；增進 (1)build up ones confidence/body 增強自信增強自信/體質體質(2)build sb./oneself up 增強某人的體質；使更加強壯增強某人的體質；使更加強壯(3)build on.在在的基礎上發(fā)展的基礎上發(fā)展Traffic is building up on roads into the city.來往的車輛在通往市區(qū)的道路上越聚越來往的車輛在通往市區(qū)的道路上越聚越多。多。You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白質以增強體質。你需要增加蛋白質以增強體質。15. even if /though

45、: 即使即使; 雖然雖然He will come on time even though it rains. 即使下雨即使下雨, 他還是會準時來的。他還是會準時來的。 I wouldnt tell you even if I knew. Even if she survives, shell never fully recover.Even though hes 24 now, hes still like a little child.I can still remember, even though it was so long ago.16. keep on 繼續(xù)繼續(xù)We kept on

46、 working in the field in spite of the rain.盡管下雨，我們還是堅持在地里勞動。盡管下雨，我們還是堅持在地里勞動。The children kept on writing though the bell was ringing.盡管鈴聲在響著，盡管鈴聲在響著，孩子們還是繼續(xù)寫著。孩子們還是繼續(xù)寫著。17.On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.總體上來說，全球氣候變暖是一種引起廣泛總體上來說，全球氣候變暖是一種引起廣泛關注的現(xiàn)象。關注的

47、現(xiàn)象。His business，on the whole，was successful. 他的事業(yè)大體上是成功的。他的事業(yè)大體上是成功的。My opinion is on the whole the same as yours. 我的意見大體上同你的差不多。我的意見大體上同你的差不多。On the whole our talks were going on smoothly. 總的來說，我們的談判進展順利?？偟膩碚f，我們的談判進展順利。Discovering useful Discovering useful words and words and expressionsexpressions

48、 Find the words in the text that have these two meanings. Take notice of the meaning used in the reading passage, write the words and mark their usage in the chart.1Possible meaningsword Which used1 n. a general tendency in the way a situation is changing2 v. to start doing something that everyone c

49、opiestrend11 v. to make something (especially something bad) increase2 n. a substance that can be burned to make heat or energyfuel21 n. the physical or mental condition of someone2 v. to formally say or write some information or an opinionstate21 v. to use time, energy, goods, etc2 v. (formal) to e

50、at or drink somethingconsume11 v. to look quickly at someone or something2 v. to read something very quicklyglance2 Go over the new words and phrases in the previous sections. Then complete each sentence with one of those new words or phrases.21. Charles Keeling collected _on the carbon dioxide cont

51、ent in the atmosphere over a forty-year period. He found that the amount of carbon dioxide _ increasing during that time.datakept on2. Although we are burning coal in huge _ every year, we wont _ of it for centuries.3. If the amount of greenhouse gases continues to _ we could be facing a global _ .q

52、uantitiesrun outbuild upcatastrophe4. Many scientists believe that global warming has _ through the burning of fossil fuels. come about5. The _ of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.consequence6. On the whole the warming of the earth is a _ that causes great concern.7. The _ shows tempe

53、rature changes during the 20th century.8. One hectare of forest can absorb 23 tons of carbon dioxide _ year.phenomenongraphper9. The washing machine uses too much energy, but _ we buy a more economical one, it would still use too much water.even if10. The Car accident on the main road yesterday _ on

54、e drivers death.resulted inDiscovering useful Discovering useful structuresstructures1.1.it it 作人稱代詞作人稱代詞, ,主要指剛提到的事物，主要指剛提到的事物，以避免重復以避免重復; ; 也可以指動物或嬰兒也可以指動物或嬰兒. .2.2.itit作非人稱代詞，有時并不指具體的東作非人稱代詞，有時并不指具體的東西，而泛指天氣、時間、日期、距離等西，而泛指天氣、時間、日期、距離等. .Review the use of “it” (1)3.3.用以代替指示代詞用以代替指示代詞this, thatthis

55、, that4. it 作形式主語，而真正的主語是動詞不作形式主語，而真正的主語是動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。定式、動名詞或從句。5. it 作形式賓語，而真正的賓語是動詞不作形式賓語，而真正的賓語是動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。定式、動名詞或從句。The use of “it” (2)The Use of “it” for EmphasisCompare the two sentences below. 1.Human activity has caused this global warming.2. It is human activity that has caused this globa

56、l warming.“It” has been used in the second sentence to give extra importance to “human activity”.一一. 陳述句的強調句型結構陳述句的強調句型結構 : 1. Tom ate an egg at home this morning . 強調主語：強調主語： It was Tom that / who ate an egg at home this morning .強調賓語：強調賓語： It was an egg that Tom ate at home this morning . 強調時間狀語：強

57、調時間狀語： It was this morning that Tom ate an egg at home.強調地點狀語：強調地點狀語：It was at home that Tom ate an egg this morning .1.Tom ate an egg at home this morning .Conclusion: 陳述句的強調句型結構陳述句的強調句型結構 : It is /was+ 被強調成分被強調成分 (主語主語/賓語賓語/狀語等狀語等) +that/who+句子的其他成分。句子的其他成分。（it在這種句型中本身無實際意義）在這種句型中本身無實際意義）Notice：1.

58、 除除謂語動詞謂語動詞以外的成分都可用于強調句中以外的成分都可用于強調句中;2. 如原句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時或將來時，則如原句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時或將來時，則be 用用 is, 如原句時態(tài)為過去時如原句時態(tài)為過去時,則則 be用用 was;3. 當被強調部分指人時，既可以用當被強調部分指人時，既可以用that,也也可用可用 who .二二.一般疑問句的強調句型：一般疑問句的強調句型：1.It was Tom that / who ate an egg at home this morning . Was it Tom that / who ate an egg at home this morning ?2.

59、It was at home that Tom ate an egg this morning . Was it at home that Tom ate an egg this morning ?Conclusion:Is / Was +it +被強調的部分被強調的部分 + that / who + 其余部分其余部分?三三.特殊疑問句的強調句型：特殊疑問句的強調句型：Conclusion:被強調部分被強調部分 (通常是疑問代詞或通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞疑問副詞) +is / was + it + that / who +其余部其余部分分?1.It was this morning that

60、Tom ate an egg at home. When was it that Tom ate an egg at home?2.It was at home that Tom ate an egg this morning .Where was it that Tom ate an egg this morning ?not . until 的強調形式是：的強調形式是：It is not until + 被強調部分被強調部分 + that . ，主要用于強調，主要用于強調時間狀語的強調句型。時間狀語的強調句型。 He didnt go to bed until his mother cam

61、e back. It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.四四. not . until 的強調形式的強調形式 Notice:注意注意區(qū)別區(qū)別強調句和定語從句：強調句和定語從句：判斷是判斷是強調句還是強調句還是定語從句定語從句，可把，可把 It is / was that/who去掉去掉，剩余部分在不增減任何，剩余部分在不增減任何詞的情況下可以還原成一個完整的句子，詞的情況下可以還原成一個完整的句子，那么這個句子就是強調句，否則就是定語那么這個句子就是強調句，否則就是定語從句。從句。 2.It was 9 oclock

62、I met her father in the street. A. that B. whenAB1.It was at 9 oclock I met her father in the street.的強調方式：的強調方式：do / does / did + 動詞原形動詞原形（1）我）我的確的確想去北京想去北京。 I want to go to Beijing. I do want to go to Beijing. （2）我昨天）我昨天確實確實買了一支新鋼筆。買了一支新鋼筆。 I bought a new pen yesterday. I did buy a new pen yesterd

63、ay.的強調方式的強調方式六、六、it 常用的固定搭配常用的固定搭配1. make it(1)在口語當中相當于在口語當中相當于succeed,表示表示:成成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達.Its hard to make it to the top in show business.(2)在口語中相當于在口語中相當于fix the date for,表表示示“約定好時間約定好時間”。例如例如: -Shall we meet next week? -OK. We just make it next Saturday.2.take it/things easy 相當于

64、相當于Dont worry or dont hurry. 用來勸用來勸告別人告別人,表示表示“不要慌不要慌,別擔心別擔心,存住氣存住氣” 。 例如例如: Take it easy! He will do it well.3.It all depends/that all depends.在口語中在口語中,相當于相當于it hasnt been decided yet,表示表示“那得看情況那得看情況,還沒有定下來還沒有定下來”。例如。例如: -Are you going to the countryside for holiday? -It/That all depends. 4. Its up

65、 to sb. 在口語中在口語中,相當于相當于its decided by sb. 表示表示“由由決定決定,由由負責負責,取決于取決于”例如例如: -Shall we go out for dinner? -Its up to you.5. It looks ( seems ) as if . 該句型中該句型中it無意義，無意義， as if 引導一個狀語從句。引導一個狀語從句。常譯為，看起來好象如果與事實常譯為，看起來好象如果與事實不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）（真的病了） It looks as if he

66、were ill. （沒有生?。]有生?。?It seemed as if he were dying. Tell the function of “it”:1.Its difficult to remember all their names.2. Its very quiet in the caf. 3. It rained for three days.4. He made it clear that he didnt want to speak to me.5. It was nice to meet you. 形式主語形式主語, 代替代替CircumstanceWeather形式賓語形式賓語, 代替代替形式主語形式主語, 代替代替6. It was on Tuesday that Smith came.7. Its three miles from here to the nearest garage.8. A tall man stood up and shook hands. It was captain Lawrie.9. I hear you bought a ne