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1、2022年高中英語 Module 6 The World’s Cultural Heritage-Period 3練習 外研版選修7 ■Goals ● To master the usage of the subjunctive mood ● To consolidate by practising ■Procedures Step 1: Subjunctive 1. 虛擬語氣 英語中動詞一般有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣，不同的語氣用不同的形式來表示。 ?陳述語氣：用來陳述事實，描述狀態(tài)，有肯定，否定，疑問，或感嘆等形式。 如：People don’t hi

2、bernate./Are you listening to the radio？ 祈使語氣：用來表示請求、命令、建議或勸告等。 如：Sit down, please./ Let me have a try. 虛擬語氣：表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設(shè)，一般用于正式的書面語。 ?2. 虛擬語氣的用法： 1）虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法: 1表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反,謂語動詞的主要形式如下:? 非真實條件句 主句 動詞的過去式 （ be的過去式用were ） would{should, could, might} +動詞原形 We wo

3、uld go with you if we had time. If I were you, I would consider their plan. If I knew this telephone number, I would ring him up. ?注意: should 多用于第一人稱后。在非正式場合中，特別是在口語中，第一、二人稱中單數(shù)現(xiàn)在用was的也不少。 If he was here, we could ask him. ?2表示和過去事實相反，謂語動詞的主要形式如下： 非真實條件句 主句 had+過去分詞 would{should, could, m

4、ight} +have done If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. If you had e earlier, you might have met him. If I had known your telephone number, I would have called you. If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake. You wouldn’t have caught a cold if you ha

5、d put on more clothes. 3表示和將來事實相反，謂語動詞的主要形式如下： ? 非真實條件句 主句 should /were to+ 動詞原形 動詞的過去時 would{should, could, might} +動詞原形 If it should rain, the crops would be saved. If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldn’t go out. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. If he got there t

6、his afternoon, he would buy a map of the city. If I should be asked/were asked /were to be asked to go, I’d certainly go. ?特別注意： 1. 如非真實條件句的謂語含有系動詞were或助動詞had或should等詞，可將if省 略，而把were，had或should 放在主語之前，變?yōu)樘摂M倒裝句，這和帶有if的虛擬條件從句所表示的含義完全相同。 If I were you, I would get up early every morning. → Were I

7、 you, I would get up early every morning. Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train. Should there be a flood, what should we do? Were they here now, they could help us. 2. if 虛擬句的省略。 Given enough money, we could have done it much better. 3.有時

8、用介詞短語代替虛擬語氣的條件句。 Fish can’t live without water. 沒有水，魚就不能活。 4.if only 要是，只要，但愿 If only we could see each other once! 但愿我們能相見一次! If only I had listened to his advice! 我要是聽了他的勸告就好了！ 5.虛擬語氣的混合條件句：即條件從句和主句時態(tài)不一致。 “If I had missed” said William Tell, “and had shot too low, I was going to use thi

9、s arrow on you.” If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you could answer the question now. 2) 虛擬語氣在主從復(fù)合句中的用法: I. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的用法 1. wish+that 從句，表示的是一種虛擬語氣，賓語從句中的動詞所表示的動作表示的只是一種不能實現(xiàn)的愿望、要求。其中謂語動詞的形式和對應(yīng)用法如下表所述： ? 用 法 形 式 例 句 ? 表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬 ? wish+從句主語+動詞過

10、去式或were I wish I knew something about programming. I wish I were as strong as you. ? 表示對現(xiàn)在進行情況的虛擬 ?wish+從句主語+ were doing I wish I were sleeping. I wish it weren’t raining. ? ? 表示對過去情況的虛擬 wish+從句主語+had+過去分詞 She said something unpleasant. She wishes she hadn’t said it. I wish he had got t

11、here ahead of time. ? 表示對將來情況的虛擬 ? wish+從句主語+would+動詞原形 I wish he would get younger and younger. I wish he would be more careful. ? 注意：表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬時，從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)前面謂語動詞的時態(tài)變化而變化，而是依據(jù)從句的實際情況，可以表示和現(xiàn)在事實相反，也可以表示和當時事實相反。 I wish I knew the answer to the question. Yesterday when the teacher asked me the

12、question, I couldn’t answer it. Then I wished I knew the answer. ?2. 在suggest （建議）、demand（要求）、order（命令）、insist （堅持）、request （請求）、desire （要求）、remend （建議、推薦）、propose（建議、提議）、require （要求）等動詞后面的賓語從句中，謂語動詞形式通常用動詞原形（美通用）或“should＋動詞原形”（英國通用）引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣，其基本句式為： （should） do … 主語+ suggest/suggested….. that sb.

13、 （should） be done… （should） not do … I suggested that we should form a spare time study group. I demand that he answer me at once. Doctor Li insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks. Mr. Wang ordered that we（should） start out immediately. ?特別注意： 1. suggest 作“暗示”，“說明”解時，從句謂語

14、動詞用陳述語氣。 如：His accent suggests that he es from Shanghai. 2. insist 表堅持的是事實時，從句謂語動詞用陳述語氣 如：He insisted that we （should） discuss the question at once. （虛擬） He insisted that he had finished his homework and handed it in. （事實） 3. had hoped +that 從句 這種句型表示一種過去未實現(xiàn)的愿望, 從句謂語動詞要用“would＋動詞原形”。 如：I

15、 had hoped that Jane would bee a doctor, but she wasn’t good enough at science. Mike had hoped that his father would answer his letter. ?II. 虛擬語氣在其它名詞性從句中的用法： 在It is necessary/important/strange/suggested/ordered/proposed/requested/decided/a pity…＋主語從句 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句常用虛擬語氣，用should + do或should＋h

16、ave done形式。 It’s necessary that he should go there at once. It’s strange that she should have failed in the exam. It’s a great pity that he should be so proud. It's requested that rade Li should sing a song. It’s necessary that you should clean the office after work. It’s very important that w

17、e should ask advice of other people about our work. It’s strange that he should have left without saying goodbye. 在suggestion, order, plan, idea 等后的表語從句、同位語從句用虛擬語氣。 My suggestion is that we should go there on Sunday. My idea is that we should send a rade to help him. His order that we finish th

18、e work in half an hour is hard to accept. ?III. 虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法： 1. as if （though ）引起的狀語從句（謂語形式與wish 后的賓語從句謂語形式相同）。 The boy talks as if he were a man. They talked as if they had been friends for years. Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied English in England. He spoke to me loudly

19、 as if I were deaf. as if 也可引導(dǎo)表語從句，放在seem，look 等系動詞后，如果是可以實現(xiàn)的事，也可用陳述語氣． It seems as if it were /was spring already. It looks as if it were going to rain. He looks as if he were ill. 2. 由in order that, so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中的謂語動詞常用may/might/can/could＋動詞原形，來表示虛擬語氣。 Let’s hand in the exercises earlier

20、so that the teacher may have time to correct them. I live so that others may live better .自己活著為的是使別人活得更好． She stayed at home for a few days so that she might take care of her mother. She took a taxi so that she could get there in time. ?IV. 使用虛擬語氣常見的其它句型: 1、“would rather ”與“had rather”表希望，后跟從句

21、用虛擬語氣，一般用動詞的過去時態(tài)。 I would rather you didn’t trouble him. I would rather we played basketball. I would rather you came tomorrow. 2、It is/was time （high time）+主語+ 動詞過去式/should（不能省略）+動詞原形。表示該干什么了，而沒有干。 It’s time you went to bed. It’s time she washed that dress. －I’m getting tired. －it’s time w

22、e went home. 我累了我們該回家了。 It’s time you should have a class. Step 2: 鞏固練習 1. The manager’s suggestion was that the meeting __off still next week. A. be put B. to put C. should put D. be putting 2. Mother suggested that I ___ my homework first before watching TV. A. did B. shall

23、do C. do D. have done 3. The order came that the medical supplies _____to the villages struck by the tsunami soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 4. They requested that he ____ on the radio. A. spoke B. speaks C. speak D. would speak

24、5. It is important that we ____wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 6. He is talking too much about America as if he ____ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. were 7. Mother insisted that the child’s hands ____before dinner

25、. A. should wash B. be washed C. would wash D. had washed 8. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 9. ____ I be free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Was I 10. You

26、 look so tired tonight. It’s time you ____. A. go to sheep B. went to bed C. go to bed D. will go to bed 11. ____ your letter, I would have written back two days ago. A. If I received B. Should I receive C. Had I received D. If I could have received 12. He smiled as if he ____

27、my thought. A. had read B. was reading C. read D. has read 13. We ____ the work on the time without your help. A. hadn’t had finished B. couldn’t have finished C. didn’t have finished D. can’t have finished 14. ----Have you ever been to Beijing? ----No, but I wish I ___. A. have B

28、. will C. do D. had 15. ----He is a very brave man. ----Yes, I wish I ____ his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have Keys: 1-5ACCCB 6-10 ABCBB 11-15 CABDB Step 3: Practice in the textbook Next let us finish the practice in the textbook. Activity 2: 1. (a)

29、2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b) Activity 3: 1. The professor demanded that the government do something about it. 2. UNESCO insisted that the site be repaired as it was very serious. 3. The Academy proposed that the general public get involved. 4. The professor requested that I give them some money. 5. Someone from the Academy suggested that a fund be started to raise money.