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1、2022年高中英語(yǔ) Unit 1 Cultural relics 語(yǔ)法探究 新人教版必修2 定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句(Restrictive Attributive Clause)和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause)，下面將這兩類定語(yǔ)從句作一比較。 一、限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，對(duì)它有限制作用。因此，不可缺少，否則會(huì)影響全句的意義。限制性定語(yǔ)從句前一般不用逗號(hào)。例如： There is much that will be unpleasing to the English readers. 有許多東西將會(huì)

2、使英國(guó)讀者不愉快。 I shall never forget the day when we first met in the park. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)诠珗@相見(jiàn)的那一天。 Is there a shop around where we can get fruit? 附近有可以買(mǎi)到水果的商店嗎？ Do you know the reason why I came late? 你知道我遲到的緣故嗎？ “限制”是指概念上的限制，把一般的概念限制為特定的概念。所以，本身已經(jīng)十分特殊的名詞，如專有名詞、帶有形容詞性物主代詞或是形容詞性指示代詞作限定詞的名詞詞組，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常都

3、是非限制性的。例如： Her mother, who had long suffered from arthritis, died last year. 她母親去年去世，此前她長(zhǎng)期患有關(guān)節(jié)炎。（因mother前有限定詞her，使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句為宜。） Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說(shuō)很動(dòng)人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 在限

4、制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞如果作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。例如： We have got the instrument (that) we need. 我們買(mǎi)到了所需要的儀器。 二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與所修飾的名詞（先行詞）關(guān)系松馳，只提供有關(guān)該名詞的補(bǔ)充情況或附加說(shuō)明。即使去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)，往往用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。例如： Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。 Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for ten ye

5、ars. 我又來(lái)到了波士頓，我有十年沒(méi)有到這里來(lái)了。 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上是從句，其功能實(shí)質(zhì)上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)分句。有時(shí)，甚至可以將其譯成狀語(yǔ)從句。例如： Then he met Mary, who invited him to a party. 后來(lái)他遇到了瑪麗，瑪麗邀請(qǐng)他去參加晚會(huì)。（who實(shí)際上=and she） When he was seventeen he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied mathematics and physics. 他17歲時(shí)，到瑞士蘇黎世一?？茖W(xué)校

6、上學(xué)，他在那里學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)和物理學(xué)。(where=and there) We don’t like the room, which is cold. 我們不喜歡那個(gè)房間，它很冷。（which is cold=since it is cold） He said he was busy, which was untrue. 他說(shuō)他很忙，其實(shí)不然。（which was untrue=though it was untrue） We need him, who knows some English. 我們需要他，他懂些英語(yǔ)。（who knows some English=for he kno

7、ws some English） 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞不能省略，that和why不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如： Wang Xin, whom Lao Li knows well, is our group leader. 王欣是我們的組長(zhǎng)，小李對(duì)他很了解。（該句中whom不可省略，亦不可為that取代） which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可修飾整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分，as從句還可置于主句之前。例如： He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. 他星期天得工作，這是他不喜歡的。 As you know, the

8、 work is very difficult.你們知道，這項(xiàng)工作很難。 which和whom在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常和of或其他介詞連用。例如： The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽車(chē)大部分都已滿載，周?chē)且淮笕簯嵟娜恕? Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week. 她的兩個(gè)兒子都在國(guó)外工作，每周都給她打電話。 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可作定語(yǔ)。例如： Tom spe

9、nt four years in college, during which time he learned French. 湯姆在大學(xué)待了四年，在此期間他學(xué)了法語(yǔ)。 I may have to go into hospital, in which case I won’t be going on holiday. 我可能得住院，如果那樣我就不去度假了。 As is known to all, the earth goes around the sun. 正如我們所知，地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 as指代后面一句話的內(nèi)容，這時(shí)只能用as,因?yàn)閣hich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能置于句末，而

10、as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在句末，也可置于句中或句首。如上面的句子還可以寫(xiě)作： The earth, as we know, goes around the sun. 此外as在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，有“正如、似”的含義，所以下列結(jié)構(gòu)中多用as: as has been said above 如上所述 as anybody can see 正如人人所看到的那樣 as we had expected 正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣 ［典例解析］ ① He was much kinder to his youngest son th

11、an to others,______, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which [解析]本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面的整個(gè)句子，which所引導(dǎo)的句子對(duì)前面主句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。做題時(shí)，先排除B.C兩項(xiàng)，因?yàn)樗荒芤龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句， 而A項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)先行詞是人的定語(yǔ)從句。 答案：D ② ______is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What [解析]此題考查定語(yǔ)從句，放在句首只能用as。若選A應(yīng)為：It is known to everybody that the moon… 答案：B