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1、2022年高考英語一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí) Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe教案 外研版選修8 知識詳解 ① burst 　vt.& vi.　(使)爆裂；(使)裂開；(使)炸開；突然出現(xiàn) n．　 突然破裂；爆發(fā) (回歸課本P59)to burst with a lot of force and loud noise 伴隨著強(qiáng)大的力量和巨大的聲響而突然爆發(fā) 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Scarcely had she heard the news about the death of Michael Jackson when she burst

2、out crying. 她一聽到邁克爾·杰克遜死亡的消息，就失聲痛哭起來。 ②She put her head down on the desk and burst into tears. 她一頭趴在書桌上，失聲痛哭起來。 ③We all thought his heart would burst with happiness. 我們都認(rèn)為他心中的快樂快要爆發(fā)出來了。 ④The police burst in and looked around. 警察闖入房間，向四周看了看。 【即境活用】 1．(紹興模擬)She was so amused with the magician

3、’s tricks that she ________ a smile. A．burst out　　　　　　　B．burst into C．burst forth D．burst in 解析：選B。她對魔術(shù)師的表演如此開心以至于突然大笑起來。burst into后接名詞，相當(dāng)于burst out＋doing，表示突然……起來。 2.Hearing the news, she burst into________and burst________the room. A．crying；out B．tears；in

4、 C．crying；into D．tears；out of 解析：選D。burst into tears“突然大哭起來”,相當(dāng)于burst out crying; burst out of the room“沖出屋子”。 ②depend　v．　依靠；取決于 (回歸課本 P60)The future of space research depends on how much money we have. 太空研究的未來取決于我們有多少錢。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P541)I can depend on my employees to tak

5、e care of things. 我能相信我的員工會把事情做好。 ②Their future depends on how well they do in these exams. 他們的未來取決于他們在這些考試中取得的分?jǐn)?shù)。 ③(朗文P541)“Where is the best place to eat around here？” “It depends (on) what kind of food you like.” “這兒周圍哪兒的飯最好吃？” “這取決你想吃什么?！? ④－While you’re out, buy me a hot dog, will you?

6、－Depend upon it. 你出去時給我買個熱狗，好嗎？ 放心好了。(沒問題。) 【即境活用】 3．(合肥模擬)—It’s difficult for college graduates to find good jobs in China. —It depends on________they are equipped for today’s world. A．that　　　　　　　　B．which C．whether D．what 解析：選C。后句句意為“這取決于他們是否能適應(yīng)今天的世界?！?be equipped fo

7、r“為……做好準(zhǔn)備”。 4.( 重慶一模)－How long are you staying? －I don’t know.________. A．That’s OK B．Never mind C．It depends D．It doesn’t matter 解析：選C。本題考查交際用語?！拔也恢?。這要視情況而定?！盜 don’t know是選擇的關(guān)鍵。 ③accustomed　 adj. 習(xí)慣的 (回歸課本P58)Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the M

8、oon back on 21st July,1969, people have bee accustomed to the idea of space travel. 自從尼爾·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以來，人們對太空旅行這一概念已經(jīng)非常熟悉。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①They had to accustom themselves to the hot weather in the south. 他們不得不使自己習(xí)慣南方炎熱的天氣。 ②They will soon bee accustomed to speaking English in class.

9、他們將很快適應(yīng)在課堂上講英語。 ③Somehow, I couldn’t get accustomed to the school life here. 不知怎么回事，我就是不能適應(yīng)這里的校園生活。 ④(牛津P14)She was a person accustomed to having eight hours’sleep a night. 她是那種習(xí)慣每晚睡八個小時的人。 【即境活用】 5.—They are quiet, aren’t they? —Yes. They are accustomed ________at meals. A．to talk　　　　　B．to

10、not talk C．to talking D．to not talking 解析：選D。句意是：“他們很安靜，是不是？”“是的，他們已習(xí)慣了吃飯的時候不說話了?！眀e accustomed to是習(xí)慣短語，to是介詞，后面要求跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指“習(xí)慣了不說話”，所以動名詞talking要用否定形式not talking。 6．(天津模擬)Since he often travels on business, he can________himself to sleeping in any place he can find.

11、A．devote B．a(chǎn)ccustom C．force D．reduce 解析：選B。考查動詞辨析。句意為：由于他經(jīng)常因公出差，他能適應(yīng)在任何能找到的地方睡覺。accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使某人適應(yīng)……。 ④consult　v．　商量，磋商；會診，咨詢，考慮，求教；查閱 (回歸課本P67)．..similar to ObiWan and Yoda who Luke, as their scholar, consults for their teaching and advice. …

12、…類似于奧比旺和猶達(dá)，盧克作為這兩人的學(xué)生向他們請求指導(dǎo)和意見。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①I consulted my brother about buying a car. 我同哥哥商量買車的事。 ②You’d better consult a doctor soon. 你最好快點去看醫(yī)生。 ③I consulted the telephone book for his address. 我查閱電話簿找他的住址。 ④His parents consulted with the teacher about what to do to help him with his

13、studies. 他父母和老師商量怎么來幫助他提高他的成績。 【即境活用】 7．(臨沂模擬)Before making any decision，________your family to find out which activities are most important to you. A．consult B．contact C．content D．concern 解析：選A。句意“作出任何決定之前，先與家人商量一下，看哪些活動對你們來說最為重要?！眂onsult sb.“請教、咨詢某人”；contact“聯(lián)系，接觸

14、”；content“使?jié)M足”；concern“關(guān)心”。 8.(江西十校一模)When________a new word, you’d better________a dictionary. A．e across，refer to B．ing across, consult C．ing across，look up D．e across, look through 解析：選B。本題考查短語動詞。第一處是when you e across的非謂語形式；refer to和consult后面跟要查閱的工具書，而look up要跟查閱的具體內(nèi)容，可以說look up the new wor

15、d。look through“瀏覽”和語境要求不吻合。 ⑤accuse 　vt.　控告，譴責(zé)，指責(zé) (回歸課本P67)He accuses Darth Vader of killing his father, so he trains to bee a Jedi knight and swears to avenge his loss. 他指責(zé)達(dá)斯·維德殺死了自己的父親，因此他把自己訓(xùn)練成一名杰迪武士并發(fā)誓要為自己的損失報仇。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①She accused him of stealing her watch. 她控告他偷了她的手表。 ②He was ac

16、cused of murder. 他被控告犯有謀殺罪。 【易混辨析】 accuse，charge，blame (1)accuse指“當(dāng)面指控或指責(zé)，不一定訴諸法庭”?？蓸?gòu)成accuse sb. of sth.的搭配，意思是“指控某人某事”。 (2)charge指“因犯較大錯誤或重大罪行而進(jìn)行正式法律控訴。”可構(gòu)成charge sb. with sth.的搭配，意思是“控告某人某事”。 (3)blame“責(zé)備”，構(gòu)成短語blame sb. for (doing) sth.或sb. is to blame ①His neighbor accused him of playing th

17、e musical instrument too loudly. ②The police are going to charge him with murder. ③The driver was to blame for the accident. 【即境活用】 9.The shop assistant was dismissed as she was________of cheating customers. A．a(chǎn)ccused　　　　 B．charged C．scolded D．blamed 解析：選A。accuse sb. of doi

18、ng sth.“指控某人做了某事”，其他動詞不能和介詞of搭配。 10．(成都模擬)In the interview, he had finally______several customers of the advantages of his product. A．convinced B．reminded C．a(chǎn)ccused D．informed 解析：選A。本題考查動詞辨析。convince sb. of sth. “使某人確信”；remind sb. of sth.“提醒某人某事”；accuse sb. of(d

19、oing) sth.“指控某人(做了)某事”；inform sb. of sth.“告知某人某事”。句意為“在采訪中，他終于讓幾個客戶明確了他的產(chǎn)品優(yōu)點。” ⑥acknowledge　vt.　承認(rèn)，告知(收到)，感謝 (回歸課本P67)It is now acknowledged by the movie industry as the most successful film series ever. 現(xiàn)在它被電影界公認(rèn)為歷史上最成功的電影系列片。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①He was generally acknowledged to be the finest poet

20、 in the country. 他是公認(rèn)的全國最優(yōu)秀的詩人。 ②The director wishes to acknowledge the help of the police in the making of this film. 導(dǎo)演希望對警察在本片拍攝過程中所給予的協(xié)助表示感謝。 ③She walked right past me without even acknowledging me. 她就那樣迎面走過，連個招呼也不和我打。 ④It is generally acknowledged that China is a great responsible country

21、. 世界普遍認(rèn)為中國是一個負(fù)責(zé)任的大國。 ⑤My friend Mike acknowledged the receipt of my letter. 我朋友邁克告訴我已經(jīng)收到信了。 【即境活用】 11．(湖北八校第二次聯(lián)考)His sacrifices for the country were never officially________，which made all of us feel discouraged. A．a(chǎn)cknowledged　　　 B．a(chǎn)ppealed C．remended D．evaluated 解析：選A。本題考查動

22、詞辨析。句意為“他為國家作出的犧牲沒有得到證實認(rèn)可，這使得我們都感到很失落?！盿cknowledge“承認(rèn)”；appeal“呼吁；吸引”；remend“推薦”；evaluate“評價”。 12．完成句子 ________________________that science and technology is the base of man’s progress. 人們普遍認(rèn)為科技是人類進(jìn)步的基礎(chǔ)。 答案：It is generally acknowledged ⑦set out　開始做，著手進(jìn)行，出發(fā) (回歸課本P69)Did Orson Welles deliberatel

23、y set out to terrify the nation? 難道奧森·韋爾斯是蓄意嚇唬國人嗎？ 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Mary set out to wash dishes/set about washing dishes after the dinner. 瑪麗在餐后開始洗刷餐具。 ②Try to set aside at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary. 爭取每天至少抽出1個小時學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯。 ③The overseas Chinese are very glad to set foot on

24、 their homeland. 華僑們非常高興地踏上祖國的土地。 【即境活用】 13.Having decided to buy a flat, the Smiths_____contacting all the acmodation agencies in the city. A．set out　　　　　B．set in C．set about D．set up 解析:選C。句意為:已決定買套房子，史密斯一家開始聯(lián)系城內(nèi)的所有房產(chǎn)中介機(jī)構(gòu)。set about doing sth.＝set out to do sth.著手，開始。 14．(湖北武漢

25、調(diào)研)Winter has________ and people in the northern area are facing food and fuel shortage. A．set up B．set out C．set in D．set off 解析：選C。本題考查短語動詞。set in“到來”。set up“建起”；set out“開始；出發(fā)”；set off“動身”。句意為：“冬天到了，北方的人們正面臨食品和燃油短缺?！? ⑧make it　成功；及時到達(dá)，趕上；能參加 (回歸課本P58)All three astr

26、onauts made it safely back to Earth, using a spaceship puter that was much less powerful than the ones used by the average school students today. 三個宇航員安全地返回了地球，他們當(dāng)年使用的宇宙飛船計算機(jī)遠(yuǎn)不及現(xiàn)在一個普通學(xué)生使用的功能強(qiáng)大。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Work hard, and you’ll make it. 努力干，你會成功的。 ②—Where is Li Lei? 李磊呢？ —He can’t make it

27、 today, He has to stay at home. 他今天來不成了，他得呆在家里。 ③If we hurry, we can make it. 如果我們快點的話，就能夠趕得上。 ④Let’s make it half past nine. 讓我們把時間定在9點半吧。 【即境活用】 15．I had arranged for me to visit my parents that weekend, but I couldn’t________， for I was busy preparing a reception. A．make it　　　　　B．do it C

28、．manage it D．work it 解析：選A。make it此處表示“沒有能夠回家看望父母”。 ⑨in spite of　盡管，不管 (回歸課本P59)In spite of all our advanced technology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space. 盡管我們有先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，但世界仍然只是處在探索太空的初始階段。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①In spite of all his efforts, he failed

29、in the exam. 盡管他很努力，仍是還是沒有通過考試。 ②In spite of the heavy snow, he drove downtown. 盡管下著大雪，他還是開車去了城里。 ③He went out in spite of the rain. 盡管下著雨，我們還是出去了。 【易混辨析】 in spite of, though in spite of 和despite都是介詞，后接賓語，although和though是連詞，后接從句。 ①They had a wonderful holiday，in_spite_of the bad weather. ②

30、They had a wonderful holiday，though/although the weather was had. 【即境活用】 16．(江蘇啟東中學(xué))________the fact that I have little singing talent, I want badly to be a member of the famous choir sponsored by our school. A．In spite of　　　　　B．In terms of C．On account of D．In case of 解析：選A。in spit

31、e of“雖然，盡管，不顧”；in terms of“就……而言”；on account of“為……的緣故，為……的理由”；in case of“萬一”。這里指盡管有這事實，我還是非常想……。 17.He persisted in carrying on the experiment________all kinds of setbacks. A．unless B．without C．in spite of D．regardless 解析：選C。句意：盡管遇到很多挫折，他仍堅持做實驗。in spite of表示“盡管”，符合句意。 句

32、型梳理 ①【教材原句】　Incredible as it may seem, both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption...(P69) 盡管看起來不可思議，但科學(xué)觀測以及我們的肉眼看到的證據(jù)都必然會讓我們作一個設(shè)想…… 【句法分析】　該句中的讓步狀語從句采用的是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，原句＝Although it may seem incredible... (1)Incredible as it may seem＝ Although it may

33、seem incredible，這是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時應(yīng)用部分倒裝，將從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首；若表語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，前置時要省略不定冠詞。 (3)though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句也可以像as引導(dǎo)的從句一樣用倒裝語序，但是although引導(dǎo)的從句通常用正常語序。 ①Poor as he is, he is honest. ＝Poor though he is / Though he is poor, he is honest. ＝Although he is poor，he is honest. 他盡管窮，但很誠實。

34、 ②Try as he might, he could not find a job. 不管他怎樣努力，他還是找不到工作。 ③Child as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他是個孩子，但懂得很多。 ④Much as I like it, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive. 雖然我很喜歡它，但我不會買的，因為它太貴了。 【即境活用】 18．(重慶一模)—Fool________I am, I will not believe you any more. You have been promising a hundre

35、d times! —But Mum, this is the last time. A．a(chǎn)s B．a(chǎn)lthough C．if D．so 解析：選A。本題考查倒裝句式結(jié)構(gòu)。fool as I am＝though I am a fool。在這個句式結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)名詞前不使用冠詞。 19.________，you can’t lift the heavy box up. A．Even you are strong B．Strong as you are C．How strong you are D．As you are stron

36、g 解析：選B?？疾樽尣綘钫Z從句。根據(jù)句意“你雖然健壯，但舉不起那個沉重的箱子?！笨芍?，該空應(yīng)用讓步狀語從句，排除A、C；又因as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，需用倒裝，故選B。 ②【教材原句】　By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.(P58) 到1986年，“挑戰(zhàn)者”號飛行的時候，人們似乎對于人類進(jìn)入太空一事已失去了最初的恐懼和好奇心

37、了。 【句法分析】　sb.seemed to have done sth.某人似乎做了某事，不定式完成式時表示動作發(fā)生在過去或已經(jīng)完成。此結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為“It seemed that sb. had done sth.”seem還有以下用法。 (1)seem＋(to be)＋表語(adj.或n.或prep.) (2)seem＋to do (3)It seems＋that－clause (4)It seems like... (5)It seems as if... (6)There seems to be... (7)It seems so. ①She seemed to ha

38、ve known about the news. ＝It seemed that she had known about the news. 她似乎已經(jīng)知道了這個消息。 ②It seemed as though she didn’t have a friend in the world. 看起來她好像在這個世界上沒有一個朋友。 ③(朗文P1846)Jill’s voice seems to be ing from very far away. 吉爾的聲音好像是從很遠(yuǎn)的地方傳來的。 【即境活用】 20．________that all the people here support our new idea. A．It seems　　　　　　B．He seems C．It seemed D．He seemed 解析：選A。考查It seems that句式。that從句為真正的主語，it為形式主語。 21．完成句子 I seem______________him somewhere before. 我好像以前曾在什么地方見過他。 答案：to have met