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1、2022年高考英語(yǔ) 魔法英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講義 過(guò)去分詞教案 新人教版必修5 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式也是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，它具有動(dòng)詞的一些特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也具有形容詞、副詞的句法功能，在句中可用作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。 一、 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的特征 A．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式是由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式只有一種形式，即傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法中的過(guò)去分詞。絕大部分的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成，也有一些動(dòng)詞的-ed形式是不規(guī)則的。 1． 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的-ed形式 limit→limited（限制） pretend→pretended（假裝） escape→e

2、scaped（逃脫） provide→provided（提供） refer→referred（提交） drag→dragged（拖） pray→prayed（祈禱） supply→supplied（供應(yīng)） 2．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的-ed形式 cast→cast（投擲） spread→spread（傳播） bite→bitten（咬） forgive→forgiven（原諒） spit→spat（ 吐） wear→worn（穿） fight→fought（搏斗） lose→lost（丟失） 3．少數(shù)動(dòng)詞的-ed形

3、式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，讀音與一般過(guò)去分詞不同 learned a learned professor 一位知識(shí)淵博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved puter 他心愛(ài)的計(jì)算機(jī) B．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的否定形式 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加動(dòng)詞的-ed形式構(gòu)成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允許他進(jìn)去，他只好在外面等著。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with h

4、im. 從未被邀請(qǐng)過(guò)去他的聚會(huì)，她很生氣。 C．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的特征 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式有被動(dòng)的意思，有時(shí)也可表示完成的動(dòng)作。 1．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式表示已完成的動(dòng)作。 除了作形容詞用的-ed形式外，動(dòng)詞的-ed形式可帶有完成的意義，有的同時(shí)也帶有被動(dòng)的意義。 Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，他對(duì)生物很感興趣。 One of the glasses was found broken. 有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個(gè)杯子破了。 The boo

5、ks, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 魯迅寫的這些書，受到了許多中國(guó)人的喜愛(ài)。 2．及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式一般表示被動(dòng)的意思。 Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的時(shí)間，我就能猜出那個(gè)謎語(yǔ)。（句子的主語(yǔ)I 和動(dòng)詞give之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。） When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，一定要讓人懂得你的意思。（動(dòng)詞make的賓語(yǔ)y

6、ourself和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)understand之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。） The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在軍隊(duì)獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)我們的學(xué)習(xí)很有幫助。 3．不及物動(dòng)詞的-ed形式只表示完成的意思，并不帶有被動(dòng)的含義。 an escaped prisoner 逃犯 （= a prisoner who has escaped） a retired worker 退休工人 （= a worker who has retired） a newly arrived guest 新來(lái)的客人

7、 （= a guest who has just arrived） We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我們應(yīng)該不時(shí)地從發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)。 People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人們應(yīng)該注意到變化了的形勢(shì)。 二、動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的用法 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式在句中主要起形容詞和副詞的作用，可以作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。 A．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作表語(yǔ) 1．-

8、ed形式在連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。 The students are fully prepared. 學(xué)生們已做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備。 When we got there, the shop was closed. 我們到那兒時(shí)，商店已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。 She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她對(duì)自己在高低杠上的表現(xiàn)感到很滿意。 The land remained unexploited. 這片土地尚未開(kāi)發(fā)。 Hearing the news, he looked disap

9、pointed. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，他看起來(lái)非常失望。 The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山頂上終年積雪覆蓋。 比較： 要把-ed形式作表語(yǔ)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。作表語(yǔ)的-ed形式表示狀態(tài)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的-ed形式表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 All the doors are locked. 所有的門都是鎖著的。（-ed形式作表語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)） All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的門都被衛(wèi)兵鎖上了。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作） Pete

10、r the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在這里。（-ed形式作表語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài) Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在這里。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作） 2．同一動(dòng)詞的-ed形式與-ing形式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作表語(yǔ)，主要表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺(jué)或所處的狀態(tài)，含有被動(dòng)的意思，而-ing形式作 表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征，含有主動(dòng)的意思。 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽(tīng)到那可怕的聲音很害怕。

11、 At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到這么動(dòng)人的情景，所有在場(chǎng)的人都感動(dòng)了。 提示： 上述動(dòng)詞的-ed形式，有的（如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等）已經(jīng)變成形容詞，可以被very, too等副詞修飾。有的（如amused, puzzled, relaxed等）還不能被very, too修飾，只能被much修飾。 These problems are very puzzling. 這些問(wèn)題很令人迷惑。 We are

12、much puzzled by his failure to reply. 他不給我們回信使我們百思不得其解。 His speech was very moving. 他的演講非常感人。 All the people present were moved to tears. 在場(chǎng)的所有人都被感動(dòng)得流淚了。 B．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 當(dāng)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和前面的賓語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，一般應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 1．在感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 I heard

13、the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我聽(tīng)了第九交響樂(lè)的演奏。 We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的河流都被嚴(yán)重污染了。 Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一個(gè)小女孩偷東西被抓住了。 He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感覺(jué)到衣領(lǐng)被人從后面拉了一下。 2．在使役動(dòng)詞get, have,

14、 make, leave, keep等后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 ①動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作get的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多麗絲在醫(yī)院把壞牙拔了。 I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll e. 我得先把盤子洗了，然后就來(lái)。 比較： 動(dòng)詞get后也可接動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，和賓語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 I couldn誸 get the car to start this morning. 今早我無(wú)法把汽車發(fā)動(dòng)起來(lái)

15、。 He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他讓姐姐幫他洗衣服。 It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 讓他說(shuō)話不難，難的是說(shuō)開(kāi)了止不住他。 Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能讓那輛舊鐘再走起來(lái)嗎？ ②動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作make的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓

16、門為了使別人聽(tīng)清他的講話。 You should make your views known to the public. 你應(yīng)該讓公眾知道你的觀點(diǎn)。 注意： 動(dòng)詞make后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ed形式，但不可用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。 【誤】Can you make the students understanding the text 【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能讓學(xué)生理解這篇課文嗎？ 【正】Can you make the text understood

17、by the students 你能讓學(xué)生理解這篇課文嗎？ ③動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作keep或leave的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都沒(méi)完成，他們就回家了。 The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 偵探和他的助手把自己整夜反鎖在房間里。 3．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式也可用在with（without）結(jié)構(gòu)中，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 With everything wel

18、l arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后，他離開(kāi)了辦公室。 She has e back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已經(jīng)回來(lái)了，背包里塞滿了有趣的圖書。 Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里沒(méi)有糧食，小女孩只好出去討飯。 Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task i

19、n three weeks. 如果不再給我們?nèi)魏螘r(shí)間的話，我們?nèi)瞧谥畠?nèi)完成不了任務(wù)。 4．某些動(dòng)詞后（如want, need, prefer, would like等），作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式被動(dòng)形式省略“to be”，就成了-ed形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望這事立即得到解決。 I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿讓我妹妹來(lái)翻譯這本書。 We need the work (to be) finished

20、by Saturday. 我們需要這項(xiàng)工作周六之前完成。 The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 農(nóng)民們不想讓好好的農(nóng)田被用來(lái)建造房子。 C．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞分為前置和后置兩類。 1．前置定語(yǔ) 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)。 A watched pot never boils. 心急鍋不開(kāi)。 All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的壞

21、門窗都修好了。 When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我們到達(dá)的時(shí)候，每人被發(fā)給了一份印制好的試卷。 提示： 如要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式也可作后置定語(yǔ)。 Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。 2．后置定語(yǔ) 作后置定語(yǔ)的-ed形式一般都帶有修飾語(yǔ)或其他成分，在語(yǔ)法上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。 We have read many novels written by this author. 我們讀過(guò)這個(gè)作家寫的許多小說(shuō)

22、。（= that are written by this author） Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀請(qǐng)到招待會(huì)上的貴賓有一半都是外國(guó)大使。（= who had been invited to the reception） The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 這次會(huì)議獲得很大的成功，共有一千名學(xué)生出席了。(= which was attended by one

23、thousand students) A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一個(gè)律師裝扮的女人走了進(jìn)來(lái)，并作為法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer) 3．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)和-ing形式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作已完成或和被動(dòng)，而-ing形式作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或和主動(dòng)。 the risen sun 升起了的太陽(yáng) the rising sun 正在升起的太陽(yáng) boiled water 開(kāi)水

24、 boiling water 正沸騰的水 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 fallen leaves 落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子 changed condition 改變了的情況 changing condition 變化著的情況 D．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作狀語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)和-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、 方式或伴隨情況等。 1．表示時(shí)間 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

25、從句。 Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 從塔上往下看，城市顯得很美麗。（= When the city is seen from the tower...） Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 帶我們參觀了實(shí)驗(yàn)室之后，又帶我們參觀了圖書館。（= After we had been shown the lab...） pletely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 經(jīng)

26、過(guò)醫(yī)生徹底檢查以后，他立刻回到了學(xué)校。(= After he was pletely examined...) 提示： 有時(shí)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式前可加連詞when或while來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。 When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 當(dāng)被問(wèn)到為什么上課又遲到時(shí)，她羞愧地低下了頭。 Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢復(fù)健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。 Once started, the clock wi

27、ll go half a month and keep good time.一旦給這鐘上了發(fā)條，它就會(huì)走半個(gè)月，并且走得很準(zhǔn)。 2. 表示原因 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子們被英雄事跡感動(dòng)，情不自禁地哭了起來(lái)。（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...） Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因?yàn)?/p>

28、寫得快，她的信很難閱讀。（=As it was written in haste ...） Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我們因?yàn)樾掳l(fā)現(xiàn)而激動(dòng)萬(wàn)分，決定出去慶祝一下。(Because we were excited by...) 注意： 為了使-ed形式表示的條件、動(dòng)詞讓步意義更加明顯，我們可以加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。 Even if invited,I won'tgo. 即使受到邀請(qǐng)，我也不去。 Though beaten by the opposite team,

29、they did not lose heart. 雖然被對(duì)手打敗，便他們并沒(méi)有喪失信心。 Unless invited,he will not e back to the pany. 除非被邀請(qǐng)，不然他不會(huì)回到公司來(lái)的。 3. 表示條件 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Heated, water changes into steam. 加熱，水就能變成蒸汽。（= If water is heated...） Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多給一些時(shí)間，他會(huì)干得更出色。

30、（= If he was given more time ...） pared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 與其他教授相比，她是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的演說(shuō)家。 4. 表示讓步 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)thoughalthough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。（= Although they were exhausted

31、 by the running ...） Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是繼續(xù)他的研究。（= Even if he was laughed by many people ...） Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 盡管一天被盤問(wèn)了多次，安德魯仍然對(duì)那件謀殺案保持沉默。 提示： 有時(shí)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的被動(dòng)式作狀語(yǔ)，并沒(méi)有多大的區(qū)別，可以互換。 Su

32、ddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然發(fā)熱不能來(lái)上學(xué)。 = Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然發(fā)熱不能來(lái)上學(xué)。 Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因?yàn)槭窃谵r(nóng)村長(zhǎng)大的，他感到很難適應(yīng)城市生活。 = Having been brought up in

33、the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因?yàn)槭窃谵r(nóng)村長(zhǎng)大的，他感到很難適應(yīng)城市生活。 5．表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作狀語(yǔ)表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)，通常位于句子的后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列分句。 The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老師站在那兒，被學(xué)生圍住了。（= and he was surrounded by the students） He went into the office, f

34、ollowed by some children. 他走進(jìn)辦公室，后面跟著一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children) They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, pletely astonished. 他們轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，站在房間中央，完全驚呆了。 She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 她接受了禮物，深深地感動(dòng)了。 注意： 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式在句中不能用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 【誤】Invited to the state ba

35、nquet is a great honour. 【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀請(qǐng)出席國(guó)宴是極大的榮耀。 【誤】I cannot stand laughed at. 【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。 二、 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的邏輯主語(yǔ) A．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般來(lái)說(shuō)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，-ed形式和主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Locked up, he had no way to esc

36、ape. 他被鎖了起來(lái)，沒(méi)有辦法逃跑了。 Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，幾乎撞到了前面的汽車。 She became discouraged at the news. 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息，她泄氣了。 Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 盡管已經(jīng)是上午10點(diǎn)了，商店的門仍然鎖著。 B．當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式在句中作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是被它修飾的名詞，它和名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 The

37、 first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批編寫出來(lái)作為英語(yǔ)教材的課本是16世紀(jì)出版的。 The puter center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年開(kāi)辦的計(jì)算機(jī)中心深受這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生喜愛(ài)。 A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭照亮了地下室。 C．當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的

38、-ed形式在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行車鏈條里了。（trapped的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的賓語(yǔ)fingers） The valuable vase was found stolen. 那個(gè)珍貴的花瓶發(fā)現(xiàn)被盜了。（stolen的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)vase） We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves ob

39、viously had broken in. 我們回到家發(fā)現(xiàn)整幢房子被翻得亂七八糟, 很明顯小偷闖進(jìn)來(lái)了。 D．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式有時(shí)可有其獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，常用作狀語(yǔ)（詳見(jiàn)“第8章 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”）。 Everything done, we went home. 一切事情都做完了，我們就回家了。 All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 錢都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上

40、，頭枕著雙手。 All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考慮到所有的情況，原來(lái)計(jì)劃好的旅行不得不取消。 E．動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作獨(dú)立成分。 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式的一些固定詞組也可在句中作獨(dú)立成分，不受邏輯主語(yǔ)的限制。 Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地說(shuō)，我不同意他所說(shuō)的。 Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考慮到他一般的身體狀況，手術(shù)后的恢復(fù)可能需要一段時(shí)間。