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1、2022年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 書面表達(dá)訓(xùn)練（2） 說明文型基礎(chǔ)寫作1---1 專題導(dǎo)讀 說明文是用簡(jiǎn)潔的文字介紹事物的特性、構(gòu)造、變化或結(jié)果的文章。高考中，說明文常見的話題有：產(chǎn)品介紹、地點(diǎn)描述、方位描寫、變化分析、購(gòu)物指南和操作說明等。近幾年的說明文主要是及時(shí)性的說明文。寫作這類文章需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 　　1．首先要讀題審題，弄清需要介紹的內(nèi)容，把握信息要點(diǎn)，不可遺漏也不能添加。 　　2．寫作內(nèi)容要條理清楚，層次分明。說明科技方面的內(nèi)容常用定義法、比較對(duì)比法、分類法和因果法等；說明自然環(huán)境方面的內(nèi)容常用時(shí)空次序法與分類法等。 　　3．時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，當(dāng)然若是介紹其歷史時(shí)，要用

2、一般過去時(shí)；語態(tài)可能用到被動(dòng)語態(tài)；若是介紹地點(diǎn)環(huán)境等，要善于運(yùn)用there be結(jié)構(gòu)。 真題典例 【xx·廣東卷】以下是一本圖書的基本信息及相關(guān)報(bào)道。 基本信息： (1)書名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother (2)作者：Amy Chua，美籍華人，耶魯*大學(xué)教授 (3)出版時(shí)間：xx年 (4)內(nèi)容：作者用中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)方式教育兩個(gè)女兒的故事 (5)效應(yīng)：引發(fā)了中美教育方式孰優(yōu)孰劣的討論 相關(guān)報(bào)道： (1)中文版：xx年初開始在中國(guó)銷售 (2)意外反應(yīng)：多數(shù)中國(guó)媽媽不贊同作者的做法 (3)最新消息：17歲的大女兒已被哈佛**和耶魯錄取 *耶魯：

3、Yale；**哈佛：Harvard 真題典例 【寫作內(nèi)容】 根據(jù)以上信息寫一篇圖書介紹，內(nèi)容包括： 1．圖書的基本信息； 2．圖書的相關(guān)報(bào)道。 【寫作要求】 只能用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。 Version 1： A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua was published in xx.It tells how the author，a Chinese American and professor at Yale Universi

4、ty，educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way.Its publication has started a debate as to which way of parenting is superior，the traditional Chinese way or the American way.It is reported that the Chinese version of the book began to sell in China early xx.Unexpectedly，the majority of

5、mothers in China disagree with the author though her 17-year-old elder daughter was lately reported to have got offers from both Harvard and Yale. Version 2： A book entitled Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was published in xx.Its author is Amy Chua，a Chinese American and professor at Yale，who te

6、lls stories in her book about how she educated her two daughters in the traditional Chinese way.Ever since its publication，a heated discussion has been around about whether the Chinese way of educating is better than the American way.The Chinese version of the book began to sell in China early xx，bu

7、t surprisingly most Chinese mothers do not agree to Amy Chua’s way of parenting.A recent report says that Amy’s elder daughter,17，has been accepted by both Harvard and Yale. 新題預(yù)測(cè) 【寫作內(nèi)容】 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容提示寫一篇?dú)g迎辭。 假定英國(guó)客人瓊斯(Jones)夫婦將到你校參觀訪問，他們將把一批圖書和電腦作為禮物送給你們。你們將送一幅中國(guó)畫給他們。 現(xiàn)在要你準(zhǔn)備一篇?dú)g迎辭(speech)，內(nèi)容包括以下幾點(diǎn)： (

8、1)歡迎英國(guó)客人來參觀我校； (2)感謝他們送的禮物； (3)簡(jiǎn)單介紹你們學(xué)校的情況：學(xué)校有90年的歷史，現(xiàn)在有兩座教學(xué)樓、一座實(shí)驗(yàn)樓、一個(gè)圖書館和一個(gè)大運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)； (4)教師工作認(rèn)真，學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)努力； (5)歡迎客人在參觀后提出建議，以改進(jìn)學(xué)校工作。 【寫作要求】 1．只能使用5個(gè)句子表達(dá)全部?jī)?nèi)容； 2．開頭和結(jié)尾已寫好，不計(jì)入總句數(shù)。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 句子結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。 One possible version： Ladies and gentlemen，teachers and students， I have the honour to m

9、ake a speech to wele the respected British guests — Mr Jones and Mrs Jones. Firstly, thank you very much for your gifts—a lot of books and puters and in return we’ll send you a famous Chinese picture as a present. Our school is a big one with a history of 90 years.Now it has been equipped with t

10、wo teaching buildings, a laboratory building, a library, and a playground.The teachers are strict in their work and students study hard.After you have been shown around our school, we hope you’ll give us advice on how to improve our work so that we can run our school better. Wish you have a good ti

11、me in our school. Thank you! 【北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)xx統(tǒng)一模擬】第二節(jié) 情景作文(20分) 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高二(1)班的學(xué)生李華，下面四幅圖描述了你們家上周收留流浪狗的真實(shí)故事，請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖片的先后順序，為?？坝⒄Z園地”寫一篇短文。 注意：1. 文章的開頭已為你寫好。 2. 詞數(shù)不少于60。 Last Friday，

12、 第二節(jié) 情景作文(20分) 一、評(píng)分原則： 1. 本題總分為20分，按5個(gè)檔次給分。 2. 評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容和語言質(zhì)量初步確定其檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。 3. 評(píng)分時(shí)應(yīng)考慮：內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)的完整性、上下文的連貫、詞匯和句式的多樣性及語言的準(zhǔn)確性。 4. 拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或書寫影響內(nèi)容表達(dá)時(shí)，應(yīng)視其影響程度予以考慮。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。 5. 詞數(shù)少于60，從總分中減去1分。 二、內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)： 1. 發(fā)現(xiàn)流浪狗并帶回家 2. 給小狗喂食、洗澡 3

13、. 討論是否留下小狗 4. 遛狗、和小狗玩耍 三、各檔次的給分范圍和要求： 第一檔 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 ·覆蓋了所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)； ·運(yùn)用了多樣的句式和豐富的詞匯； ·語法或用詞方面有個(gè)別錯(cuò)誤，但為盡可能表達(dá)豐富的內(nèi)容所致；體現(xiàn)了較強(qiáng)的語言運(yùn)用能力； ·有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，所寫內(nèi)容連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。 18分—20分 第二檔 完全完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 ·覆蓋了所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)： ·運(yùn)用的句式和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)要求； ·語法和用詞基本準(zhǔn)確，少許錯(cuò)誤主要為盡可能表達(dá)豐富的內(nèi)容所致； ·使用了簡(jiǎn)單的語句間連接成分，所寫內(nèi)容連貫。 達(dá)

14、到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。 15分—17分 第三檔 基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 ·覆蓋了內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)： ·運(yùn)用的句式和詞匯基本滿足任務(wù)要求； ·語法和用詞方面有一些錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解。 基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。 12分—14分 第四檔 未恰當(dāng)完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 ·漏掉或未描述清楚主要內(nèi)容； ·所用句式和詞匯有限； ·語法或用詞方面的錯(cuò)誤影響了對(duì)所寫內(nèi)容的理解。 未能清楚地傳達(dá)信息。 6分—11分 第五檔 未完成試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)。 ·明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容； ·句式單調(diào)、詞匯貧乏； ·語法或用詞方面錯(cuò)誤較多，嚴(yán)重影響了對(duì)所寫內(nèi)容的理解。 1分—5分 0分 未能傳達(dá)

15、任何信息；所寫內(nèi)容與要求無關(guān)。 四、Possible versions: Possible version 1: Last Friday, on the way home from school, I found a dirty puppy dog lying beside the dustbin. He was so weak that he couldn't open his eyes. I felt sorry for the puppy and carried him home immediately. After feeding him food and milk, I gav

16、e him a shower. I was so glad to see the dog recover. He was so lovely and I wanted to keep him. After discussing the situation with my parents, I decided to adopt him. Today the dog has bee part of our family. We walk him in the park, play with him and take good care of him. He brings us happiness

17、and keeps us pany. (111 words) Possible version 2: Last Friday, a chance encounter changed me and my family's life greatly. After school, I was about to enter my apartment building when a little dirty dog, lying beside the dustbin, caught my eye. He looked extremely weak. Immediately the

18、 homeless dog filled me with sympathy. So I bent down and held him in my arms. I rushed him upstairs and right away fixed him some food. Then, I gave him a bath. After the bath he looked energetic and refreshed. What a lovely dog! When my parents got home, I asked if I could keep the dog. To my

19、 surprise and happiness, they agreed. From that day, he has bee a member of our family. Everyone has enjoyed his pany. My parents walk him often. He and I play joyfully. Looking at the cute, happy dog today. I realize that I did the fight thing. I brought him to a warm, loving home and he has brought us great happiness and laughter. (161 words)