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1、2022高考英語 被動語態(tài)、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句導學案 一、學習目標 1. 條件狀語從句及其連詞的用法。 2. 讓步狀語從句及其連詞的用法。 3. 被動語態(tài)。 二、重點、難點 重點：條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句及被動語態(tài)。 難點：讓步狀語從句和名詞性從句的區(qū)別。 三、考情分析 這三種語法是高考考查的重點語法，歷年考題中占有重要的地位，一般能在單選中占3-4分；在完形填空中也能占2-3分；我們復習時要特別注意這幾種語法及其做題技巧，認真研究近幾年的高考題。 知識梳理 一、條件狀語從句 【教材原句】 If you say the word “municat

2、ion”, most people think of words and sentences. 如果你說單詞“交流”，大部分人會想到單詞和句式。 If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon. 如果我們的右手忙著問候別人，它就不可能握有武器。 考點1 引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞 【用法】 連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, provided, suppose, supposing 等。 【例句】 You

3、 can leave now if you like. 如果你愿意現(xiàn)在就可以走了。 As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我們就可以去。 In case I forget, please remind me about it. 萬一我忘記，請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌隆? I will e on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀請她來, 那我就來。 He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及時到達，就可以和

4、我們一起走。 【考題鏈接】 they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures. A. As B. While C. Until D. Once 答案：D 解題思路：句意：一旦他們決定去哪個大學，學生就應該搜索入學手續(xù)。once 一旦，根據(jù)句意選擇D。 考點2 條件狀語從句的時態(tài) 【用法】 當主句為將來時態(tài)或具有將來意義時，條件狀語從句通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，而不能直接使用將來時態(tài)。 【例句】

5、 Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果你不是太累的話，讓我們出去散步。 I’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就呆在家里。 【考題鏈接】 We will be losing money this year unless that new economic plan of yours _______ well. A. is working B. works C. will be working D. worked 答案：B

6、 解題思路：句意：如果你的那個新經(jīng)濟計劃效果不好的話，我們今年會失去很多錢。在條件狀語從句中，如果主句用一般將來時態(tài)，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來意義。 考點3 if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種 【用法】 真實條件句表示現(xiàn)實情況中可能實現(xiàn)的情況。非真實條件句也叫虛擬條件句，表示與現(xiàn)實情況相反的假設情況。 【例句】 If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go on a picnic.（真實條件句） 如果明天下雨，我們就不去野餐了。 If I were you, I would go with him. （非真實條件句） 如果我是你

7、，我會跟他一道去。 【考題鏈接】 1. In time of serious accidents, ____ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. until C. if D. unless 答案：C 解題思路：句意：遇到嚴重的事故時，如果我們了解一些基礎的急救知識，我們就能挽救生命。if如果；unless如果不……。 2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.

8、 A. were not ill, wouldn’t be B. had been ill, wouldn’t have been C. had been ill, should have been D. hadn’t been ill, could be 答案：A 解題思路：句意：瑪麗今天病了。如果她不病，她就不會缺課了。根據(jù)句意可知是虛擬語氣的句子，并且指的是和現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬，故從句用一般過去時，而主句用would +do,故答案選A。 即學即練 1. We all know that, __________, the situation w

9、ill get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 答案：B 解題思路：句意：我們都了解，這種狀況如果不認真處理，會變的更糟。本題考查條件狀語從句及省略。當主語和主句的主語一致并且有be時，省略主語和be; B項等于if the situation is not carefully dealt with,…。 2. _______ I kn

10、ow the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While 答案：C 解題思路：句意：只要我知道錢是安全的，我就不會擔心了。even though即使；unless除非；as long as只要；while盡管。 二、讓步狀語從句 考點1 whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引導的讓步狀語從句。

11、 注意1：whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however和no matter what/ who/ where/ when/ how等引導讓步狀語從句時，可以換用，意為：無論……，都……。 注意2：解這一類題目時，要注意連詞在讓步狀語從句中所作的句子成分，另外，還要注意從句的語序。 【例句】 Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished... 不管是誰干的這事，早晚要被抓住并受到懲罰。 Some people enjoy themselves wh

12、erever they are... 有些人能夠隨遇而安。 【考題鏈接】 1. _____ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. However B. Whatever C. No matter D. Although 答案：A 解題思路：此題考查however的用法。句意：無論你準備的多么充分，在爬山時仍需要運氣。however等于no matter how,但no matter不能單獨用。句中的well是副詞，所以用h

13、owever, 而不用whatever。 2. No matter how , it is not necessarily lifeless． A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a desert be 答案：B 解題思路：句意：沙漠無論多么干燥，它也肯定有生命。讓步狀語從句的順序必須是陳述語序，故排除A、C和D。 考點2 although/though/as引導

14、的讓步狀語從句。 【用法】 1. although和though引導讓步狀語從句時意為“盡管，雖然”，二者一般可以換用。要注意although 和though不能和but連用，但可以和yet或still連用。 2. as和though引導的讓步狀語從句，多使用倒裝句。通常如果從句中有形容詞或名詞作表語，則把表語置于句首，而且名詞前要省略冠詞；如果從句中有修飾動詞的副詞，則將該副詞置于句首；如果從句中有情態(tài)動詞，則將情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形置于句首。 【例句】 Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 雖然

15、他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。 Though I believe it, yet I must consider. 盡管我相信這一點，但我還得考慮考慮。 Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.） 盡管他學習很努力，但幾乎沒取得什么進步。 Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. （=Though he was a child,

16、he knew what was the right thing to do.） 雖然他是一個孩子，但他知道該做什么。 【考題鏈接】 1._______this is only a small town, it’s crowded with tourists who e here all year round. A. Since B. Unless C. Once D. Although 答案：D 解題思路：句意：這僅是個小鎮(zhèn)，但這里一年到頭擠滿了游客。although 引導讓步狀語從句。since意為“自從”；unless意為“除非”；on

17、ce意為“一旦”。 2. _________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it sound　　 B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound　　 D. Strange as it might sound 答案：D 解題思路：句意：盡管聽起來很奇怪。as引導讓步狀語從句時,常放在作表語、狀語或謂語的一部分的形容詞、名詞、副詞或動詞原形之后。如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高

18、級作表語，則不再用冠詞。 考點3 even if/even though引導的讓步狀語從句 【用法】 even if/even though意為“即使，盡管”，引導的讓步狀語從句的內(nèi)容既可以是事實，也可以是一種假設。 【例句】 We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要作一次旅行。 Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.） 即使他很窮，但她還是愛他。 【考題鏈接】 Many of

19、 them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _________ they knew it was valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 答案：C 解題思路：句意：盡管他們知道他的建議很有價值，但許多人都不理會。even though 引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”。as if意為“好像”。now that意為“既然”。so that意為“以便”。 考點4 while引導的讓步狀語從句 【用法】 while引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”

20、，相當于although。 【例句】 While I like the colour, I don’t like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色，但不喜歡那形狀。 【考題鏈接】 _________ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As 答案：B 解題思路：句意：網(wǎng)絡有很大的幫助，我認為花太多的時間在上面沒有好處?？疾闋?/p>

21、語從句（從屬連詞的選用），根據(jù)題干含義，顯然需要一個表轉折或讓步的詞，即while，盡管。而A是如果，表條件，C是因為，表原因，D是因為和像……，表原因和方式。 考點5 whether…or…引導的讓步狀語從句。 【用法】 whether…or…引導讓步狀語從句，意為“不管……還是……”。 【例句】 Whether you believe it or not, it’s true. 無論你是否相信，這都是真的。 Whether or not they win this battle, they won’t win the war. 不管他們是否能贏得這次戰(zhàn)役，他們絕不會贏

22、得這場戰(zhàn)爭。 【考題鏈接】 All people, ______ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however 答案：B 解題思路：句意：所有人，無論老少、窮富，都在盡力幫助那些災難后急需幫助的人。本題考查固定詞組搭配。whether…or…表示“無論……還是……”。

23、 即學即練 1. _________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until 答案：A 解題思路：考查狀語從句。句意為:盡管我總是會感到我能通過考試,但是我從沒有想過我會得個“優(yōu)”。A項while引導讓步狀語從句,表盡管,符合句意;B項once一旦,曾經(jīng);C項if 如果；D項until直到。 2. _________ hard you try, it is difficult to los

24、e weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever 答案：A 解題思路：考查狀語從句。句意為:無論你多么努力地嘗試,在不減少你的食量的情況下很難減肥。A項however無論如何,不管怎樣,符合句意。B項whatever無論什么樣;C項whichever無論哪一個;D項whenever無論何時。 3. —Look at those clouds! —Don’t worry. _________ it rains, we’

25、ll still have a great time. A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only 答案：A 解題思路：考查連詞。句意為：——看看那些烏云!——別擔心。即使下雨,我們?nèi)匀粫娴煤荛_心。even if雖然,即使;as though好像,仿佛;in case萬一,以防;if only要是……就好了。 4. Hot _________ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journe

26、y. A. although B. as C. while D. however 答案：B 解題思路：考查狀語從句和倒裝。句意為：盡管晚間的空氣很熱,我們還是睡得很沉,因為走了那么長的路程后我們累壞了。句子前半部分為讓步狀語從句,A項、B項、C項都可表示“盡管”,引導讓步狀語從句,但此句用了倒裝,表語hot 提前,只有as引導的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序, although與while 不能用倒裝,所以B項符合題意。 三、被動語態(tài) 【教材原句】 【基本用法】 1. 被動語態(tài)的構成方式：be + 過去分詞，口語中也可以用get / bee

27、 + 過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強調或突出動作的承受者時常用被動語態(tài)（by短語有時可以省略）。 2. 不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài) 時態(tài) 動詞形式 一般現(xiàn)在時 am / is / are +過去分詞 (p.p.) 一般過去時 was / were + p.p. 一般將來時 shall / will + be + p.p. 現(xiàn)在進行時 am / is / are + being + p.p. 過去進行時 was / were + being + p.p. 現(xiàn)在完成時 has / have + been + p.p. 過

28、去完成時 had been + p.p. 過去將來時 should / would + be + p.p. 【例句】 The book has been translated into many languages. 這本書已經(jīng)譯成了許多語言。 The machine parts may be needed in our work. 這些機器零件在我們工作中可能被用到。 【考題鏈接】把下列句子變成被動語態(tài) 1. He plants flowers every year. → 2. I wro

29、te a letter yesterday. → 3. We must obey the school rules. → 4. I won’t believe his story. → 5. They have planted a lot of trees since 1990. →

30、 6. A friend is playing the piano. → 7. I was mending the bike when Tom came in. → 答案： 1. Flowers are planted by him every year. 2. A letter was written by me yesterday. 3. The school rules must be obeyed by us. 4. His

31、 story won’t be believed by me. 5. A lot of trees have been planted by them since 1990. 6. The piano is being played by a friend. 7. The bike was being mended by me when Tom came in. 【特別提醒】 1. 當句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時，被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：A. 謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)，動詞不定式作主補。 B. 用it作

32、形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語從句來表示。 【例句】 People know paper was made in China first. =It is known that paper was made in China first. =Paper was known to be made in China first. 人們知道紙張是中國先發(fā)明的。 類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that … 【考題鏈接】句型轉換 1. People suggest that the far

33、mers must grow crops in proper time. = 2. We advise that people should respect the rules. = = 答案： 1. It is suggested that the farmers must grow crops in proper time. 2. It

34、is advised that people should respect the rules. People are advised to respect the rules. 2. 不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。 【用法】 ①所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。 ②表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。 ③表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。 ④表示“希望、意圖”的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、lik

35、e、love、hate等。 ⑤賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。 ⑥賓語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。 ⑦有些動詞以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當主語是物時，常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。 【例句】 The books belong to me.這些書是我的。 The kind of shoes sells well.這種鞋賣的很好。 The cake tastes very good.這個蛋糕嘗起來很好吃。 (以上句子都不能變成被動) 【考題鏈接】 1. He does not poss

36、ess a bicycle, this one he uses _________to Peter. A. is belonged B. belonged C. belongs D. is belonging 答案：C 解題思路：本題考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和belong的用法。belong沒有被動語態(tài)和進行時態(tài)，故排除A和D；第二句中this one是句子的主語，he uses是省略that的定語從句，根據(jù)he does和he uses可知應用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故選C。 2. Food supplies in the flood-stricken a

37、rea_________. We must act immediately before there’s none left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 答案：B 解題思路：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。run out是不及物動詞,不能用于被動語態(tài),排除C、D;由第二句中的before there’s none left可知,run out是將要發(fā)生的動作,應用將來時。have run out是現(xiàn)在完成時,表示動作的完成;are r

38、unning out是進行時,可以表將來,故選B。句意：供應洪災地區(qū)的食物快用完了。我們必須在用完之前立刻采取行動。 即學即練 1. The flowers were so lovely that they_________ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. would sell 答案：C 解題思路：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。so...that...引導結果狀語從句，與主句的時態(tài)一致，并且they和sell之間是被動關系，故答案選C。句意：這些花非常好看，很快就賣光了。

39、 2. —What do you think of store shopping in the future? —Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but_________. A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced 答案：C 解題思路：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句子結構，but后應為一般將來時；句中主語it指st

40、ore shopping，but后應用被動語態(tài)，故選擇C項。句意：——你認為未來的商場購物會如何？——依我看，商場購物會和家庭購物并存，但是永遠不會被代替。 3. Would you please keep silent? The weather report _________ and I want to listen. A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 答案：B

41、 解題思路：考查現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。由I want to listen可知天氣預報正在被播出，故用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。句意：你能保持安靜嗎？天氣預報正在播報，我想聽聽。 4. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They _________ for too long. A. cooked B. were cooked C. had cooked D. had been cooked 答案：D 解題思路：本題

42、考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)cook和上句中taste動作的比較可知，cook是先發(fā)生的動作，故應該用過去完成時態(tài)；并且they和cook之間是被動關系，故用過去完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。句意：這個菜不好吃。它們被烹煮的時間過長了。 5. The attackers were arrested and didn’t know where they ________. A. would take B. are taken C. were being taken D. will be taken 答案：C 解題思路：本題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)didn’t know 可知，空格處也應該用過去的某種時態(tài)，所以B、D不正確；根據(jù)句意可知此處用被動語態(tài)，故選C。句意為：襲擊者被捕了，他們不知道正被帶往何處。