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1、 Unit 2 Poems Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2018·全國Ⅰ) Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(聯(lián)系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independ

2、ent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and few

3、er in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,

4、Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small num

5、bers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位數(shù)) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people

6、than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150),Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a

7、question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 【語篇導讀】本文是說明文。在依靠狩獵和采集生活的時代,語種眾多。但是隨著工業(yè)化、貿(mào)易、全球化等的發(fā)展,許多語種消失了。 1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A.They developed very fast. B.They were large in number. C.They had similar patterns. D.They were closel

8、y connected. 答案B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers...they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them”可知,在依靠狩獵和采集生活的時代,人們使用的語言種類很多。 2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2? A.Complex.　　　　　　　　B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.

9、 答案C 解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文提到的“...all have caused many languages to disappear”和下文的“such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知,英語、西班牙語和漢語正在逐漸取代一些語言。由此可猜測該詞的意思是“占優(yōu)勢的”,所以選C項。 3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400. C.About

10、2,400. D.About 1,200. 答案B 解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“At present,the world has about 6,800 languages”和最后一句中的“is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知,B項正確。 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.New languages will be created. B.People’s lifestyle

11、s are reflected in languages. C.Human development results in fewer languages. D.Geography determines language evolution. 答案C 解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,在依靠狩獵和采集生活的時代,語種眾多。但是隨著工業(yè)化、貿(mào)易、全球化等的發(fā)展,許多語種消失了。由此可知,人類的發(fā)展導致了語種的減少,所以選C項。 B Josh Ferrin picked up the keys to their new house in Salt Lake City earlier th

12、is week.He was excited to finally have a place his family could call their own.As he walked into the garage,a box caught his eye. “I felt very surprised and called my wife.She wouldn’t believe what I had found,” said Ferrin,who was working as an artist for the Deseret News in Salt Lake City. Then

13、he found seven more boxes,all full of cash.Ferrin quickly took the boxes to his parents’ house to count.Along with his wife,they put thousands of bills on a table.They stopped counting at $40,000,but thought there was at least $5,000 more on the table. Ferrin thought about how so much money could b

14、uy things he never thought he could afford.“I wish I could say there was never any doubt in my mind,” Ferrin said.“But the money wasn’t ours and I don’t believe you get a chance very often to do something honest and that is a lesson I hope to teach my children.” He then thought about the home’s pre

15、vious owner,Arnold Bangerter,who died in November and left the house to his son.So Ferrin called Bangerter’s son with the news.Paul Bangerter knew his father hid money away because he once found a roll of cash taped under a drawer in their home,but he never considered his dad had hidden so much over

16、 the years. “He grew up in hard times and people that survived that time didn’t have anything when they came out of it unless they saved it themselves,” said Paul Bangerter.“He was a saver,not a spender.” “I’m a father,and I worry about the future for my kids,” Ferrin said.“I can see him putting t

17、hat money away for a rainy day.”? 【語篇導讀】Ferrin搬進新家后偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了先前的房主積攢的幾箱子錢,他聯(lián)系到房主的兒子,將這筆錢還給了他。 5.Seeing so much cash,Ferrin’s first thought was to 　　　.? A.ask his parents to hide it B.put it back where it was C.return it to its owner D.buy what he couldn’t afford before 答案D 解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ferrin t

18、hought about how so much money could buy things he never thought he could afford.‘I wish I could say there was never any doubt in my mind,’Ferrin said”可知,Ferrin首先想到的是要用這些錢購買以前買不起的東西。 6.How did Bangerter’s son know his father had hidden away money? A.He once stole money from the place where his fat

19、her put money secretly. B.He once found some cash under a drawer in their home. C.He once happened to see some money hidden in his father’s bed. D.He once heard his father mentioned he had hidden away all his money in a hole. 答案B 解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句話可知。 7.What does the underlined part “a rainy d

20、ay” refer to? A.Difficult times.　　　　　B.Lucky days. C.A day when it is rainy. D.A day when he dies. 答案A 解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線部分所在句子上文“I’m a father,and I worry about the future for my kids”可知,Ferrin理解Arnold Bangerter作為父親擔心孩子的將來,所以總會把錢攢起來以備不時之需的做法。 Ⅱ.七選五 Television is everywhere around us.Yet it is great

21、for learning English.The pictures make it easier to understand than radio,because you can see who’s talking,and get a better idea of what people mean.Just watch their “body language”!Watch programs that you find enjoyable and entertaining.1. Here’s the guide to learning as much as possible while wa

22、tching English television: 2.Learning English should be fun—not something that you have to force yourself to do.If you have a passion for football,watch matches or the sports news. Keep a notebook near to your television.3.　　　This is especially useful.You can look for programs with sub-titles in y

23、our own language.? Try to watch English television regularly.Even if you can only watch 15 minutes a day,you’ll be amazed at how much you learn. Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything.English television is normally aimed at native English speakers.4.If the programs that you’re watching are

24、 full of unknown words,just concentrate on understanding the general meaning. Keep a note of television programs and presenters that you find easy to understand and try to watch them regularly.5.Soon you will impress your friends with your English skills. A.Don’t watch the programs too easy for yo

25、u. B.Better watch programs that you find interesting. C.Programs often include many difficult words. D.English learning has little to do with watching TV. E.Whatever you watch will help you improve your English. F.Doing this will increase your confidence in learning English. G.You can take dow

26、n any new words or expressions that you hear. 答案與解析 【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。看英文電視節(jié)目有助于學好英語。那么,在看英文電視節(jié)目時,應該注意些什么呢?本文就此提出了一些建議。 1.E　根據(jù)上文可知,你可以看一些自己認為有趣和喜歡的節(jié)目,接著下文提到通過看英文電視節(jié)目來學習英語的一些指南。因此空格處應起到承上啟下的作用。E項意為“無論你看什么內(nèi)容,都會幫助你提高英語”,符合語境,能夠總結上文內(nèi)容并引出下文。故選E項。 2.B　此處為該段主題句。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句可知,如果你對足球有熱情,那么你就看比賽或者體育新聞,即學習英

27、語應該是一個有趣的過程。B項意為“最好看你感興趣的節(jié)目”,能夠概括該段主旨,符合語境。故選B項。 3.G　根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知,本段主要講述在電視機旁放一個筆記本,目的是你可以記下你聽到的內(nèi)容,這是相當有用的。G項與上下文話題銜接密切,符合語境。故選G項。 4.C　根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知,本段主要闡述如果沒有完全理解所有意思也不要著急。英語電視節(jié)目往往是播放給自己國家的人看的,節(jié)目中常常會有很多你不認識的詞。C項意為“節(jié)目中通常含有一些難懂的詞”,與本段內(nèi)容呼應,且與上下文話題銜接緊密,符合語境。故選C項。 5.F　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容并結合語境可知,記住你認為容易理解的電視節(jié)目和主持人,并盡可能定期

28、收看。故F項“這樣做可以使你在學習英語方面增加自信”承接上文話題,對上文進行合理的解釋,符合語境。故選F項。 Ⅲ.語篇填空 What defines a healthy city?Is it a place with a lot of open spaces 1.　　　　　? people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air?A place with little or no pollution?A place in which people can 2.(free) socialize and express their ideas?Perhaps,

29、it’s all that plus more.Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities,an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by 3.　　　　　 local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens.Of all the cities in the world,4.　　　　　 of the top six healthie

30、st cities is Copenhagen,Denmark.? Copenhageners love to walk.Foot traffic accounts 5. 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center.Some people can also bike.It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen 6.　　　　　　　　(carry) out on a bike.As for the climate here,the city do

31、es not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round.7. everything starts to freeze,it turns several city squares into huge skating fields.The frozen parts of the city also make 8.　　　　　 easier for residents to skate around.The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and 9.　　　　　　　

32、　(grown-up).It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Art and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building 10.(call) the Black Diamond.? 答案與解析 【語篇導讀】什么是健康的城市?標準有很多。本文介紹了世界上最健康的城市之一——哥本哈根的情況。 1.where　考查定語從句。where引導定語從句,并且在從句中做狀語。 2.freely　考查副詞。句意:一個人們可以自由社交和表達思想的地方?副詞做狀語,修飾socialize and expr

33、ess their ideas。 3.the　考查定冠詞。the local government指“地方政府”。 4.one　考查代詞。one of...表示“……之一”。 5.for　考查固定搭配。account for表示“占(比例)”。 6.are carried　考查謂語動詞。主語more than a third of all work trips和謂語動詞carry之間存在被動關系,因此用被動語態(tài)。 7.When/As　考查從屬連詞。句意:當結冰時,城市的幾個廣場會變成溜冰場。when或as引導時間狀語從句。 8.it　考查代詞。分析句子結構可知,此處it用作形式賓語。 9.grown-ups　考查名詞復數(shù)。注意grown-up的復數(shù)形式的變化。 10.called　考查非謂語動詞。called the Black Diamond為過去分詞短語做定語,表示被動關系。 6