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Unit 2 English around the world 學科：English 授課班級：Senior One 執(zhí)教教師： 授課時間： I．教學內容分析 本單元通過對“世界英語”這一話題的探討，以加強學生對英語語言的了解，對當代語言特別是英語發(fā)展趨勢的了解。世界在變化、時代在發(fā)展、社會在前進，作為人類交流的工具，語言必然隨著時代的發(fā)展而變化，特別是英語，這一被公認的通用語言的變化更是讓人始料不及。由于英語在世界上的重要地位和它的廣泛使用，各國人民在使用英語的過程中不斷發(fā)展、改進、更新他們使用的英語和本國語。這種不斷的吸收、交融、容納、創(chuàng)新就形成了各種各樣帶有某個國家、某個民族、或某個地區(qū)特色的英語。 II．教學重點和難點 （一） 了解英語在世界上的發(fā)展狀況， 以及各種各樣帶有民族、地域特色的英語。 （二） 了解英語和美語的一些基本的差異，像單詞的拼寫，單詞的發(fā)音，句式結構等。尤其是一些常用詞。 （三） 掌握本單元教學目的和要求中的詞匯的用法。 （四） 學會英語中有關交際困難的表達法，，如Pardon? I beg your pardon? 熟練掌握祈使句及其間接引語的表達法。 III．教學計劃 第一課時：Warming Up 第二課時：Pre-reading, Reading, 第三課時：Comprehending, Learning about Language 第四課時：Using Language 第五課時：Reading and speaking 第六課時：Workbook IV．教學步驟： Period 1 Warming Up Teaching Goals: 1. Get Ss to realize that there are some differences between American English and British English. 2. Get Ss to practise their oral English. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Leading-in Do you like to see the film? Do you know the other name of film? Yes. It’s movie. Do you know the difference betweens the two words? One is British English and the other is American English. Do you know the differences between them? The differences between the British and American English are spelling, pronunciation, usage and the most important is culture. Step 2. Warming Up Purpose: To make students understand the differences between American and British English 1. Pair work: (1) Get Ss to discuss other words that they have learned. (2) Give Ss some words and expressions and have a discussion ① Words: 英 美 電影 films movies 汽油 petrol gas, gasoline 圖釘 drawing thumb tack 鈔票 banknote bill 跳遠 long jump broad jump 糖果 sweets candy ② Expressions: British English American English I’ve just had lunch. I just had lunch/ I’ve just had lunch. I’ve already seen that film. I’ve already seen that film/I already saw that film. Have you finished your homework yet? Have you finished your homework yet/Did you finish your homework yet? Do you have a car? Have you got a car? He hasn’t got any friends. He doesn’t have any friends. She has a beautiful new home. She’s got a beautiful new home. On the weekend. At the weekend. On the team. In the team. Please write me soon. Please write to me soon. 2. Group work: (1) Divide Ss into groups and ask them to make a dialogue. (2) Let Ss practice the dialogue with their partners. Periods 2 Pre-reading and Reading Teaching Goals: 1. Get Ss to learn about English spoken around the world 2. Improve Ss’ reading ability, especially the skills of summarizing, word guessing and scanning. 3. Get Ss to realize the importance of learning English and of love of our own country. 4. Encourage Ss to think and talk in English through communicative tasks and provide Ss with chances of cooperation. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Leading-in Present Ss with the names of seven countries （the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand）, and ask Ss: “Is there any relationship between these 7 countries?” Allow Ss to show their own opinions. The answer is that English is the mother tongue to the people in these 7 countries. 1. Present Ss with the names of some other countries: India, Pakistan, Nigeria and the Philippines. Then ask: “Is English spoken in these countries?” Allow Ss to show their own opinions. English is used as an official language in these countries, which is spoken on formal occasions like governing, schooling and news reporting. 2. Also in many countries, English is learned as a foreign language, like in China, Japan, France and so on. So although English doesn’t have the most speakers in the world, it is the most popular language all over the world. Today we’re going to read a lesson entitled English around the world. Step 2. Reading 1. Skimming: Get Ss to read through the passage and find the topic sentence of each paragraph. Para 1 Today, more people speak English as their first, second or foreign language than ever before. Para 2 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Para 3 All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. Para 4 English is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. 2. Scanning Purpose: To get Ss to have some details in the text. Read the text quickly and try to get some details from the text. Work in pairs and try to ask and answer questions from the text. Questions can be like these. Q1. How many people spoke English at the end of the 16th century? Where did they live? Q2. Why is English to be spoken in many other countries in the next century? Q3. Which country has the largest number of English speakers? Q4. Why has English changed over time? Q5. Why does India have a very large number of English speakers? Suggested answers: A1. At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. A2. In the next century, people from England started moving to other parts of the world, so English began to be spoken in many other countries. A3. China may have the largest number of English speakers. A4.Because all languages change when cultures communicate with one another. A5.India has a very large number of English speakers. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 3. Careful reading: Get Ss to read the passage carefully again and meanwhile try to guess the meaning of the following words or phrases: even if, come up, actually, play a role, vocabulary, usage, identity , government. even if=even though: in spite of the fact; no matter whether play a role: to be involved in an activity actually: really; in fact vocabulary: all the words and phrases you learn such as: for example elevator: a machine used for moving people or things up and down 4. After reading: Allow Ss to discuss with their partners the meaning of the new words. Then let some Ss explain the words. The teacher can give some further explanations if necessary. 5. Answer these questions. (1) Do you think what kind of English you learn matters? Why? (2) Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English? (3) Give Ss chances to ask each other questions on the passage. 6. Read the passage and choose the correct answer ⑴English has /had the most speakers _______. A. now B, when the British ruled many parts of the world C. in the time of Shakespeare D. in the 12th century . ⑵Which of the following sentence is true? A Language always stay the same B. Language change only after wars C .Language no longer change D .Language change when cultures change ⑶ From AD450 to 1150,English sounded more like ______. A . French B. Chinese C. German D. Russian ⑷ Shakepeare’s English was spoken around_______. A. 1400’s B. 1150’s C .450’s D. 1600’s ⑸Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world ? A. Australia B China C. India D. Britain Suggested Answers: (1) A (2) D (3) C (4) D (5) B Step 3. Discussion 1. After reading the passage, we’ve learned so much about English spoken around the world. Do you think it’s necessary to have a good knowledge of English? Why do you think so? Please form groups of four and discuss these questions with your partners. (The teacher should walk around to provide any necessary help.) 2. Give the students chances to express their opinions freely. 3. Summary by the teacher: Through learning this passage, we have got to know that English is becoming more and more popular all over the world now. So English learning seems important to everyone, especially us students of the new century. With China’s entry into WTO, English will play a more important part in business, in tourism, and even in people’s daily life. So it’s no doubt that everyone should have a good knowledge of English. And I hope every one in our class can make an effort to learn English well. But on the other hand, it doesn’t mean English is better than Chinese just as some students said just now. We must keep it in mind that one’s mother tongue is the most beautiful language in the world. The reason why we learn English is that we should thus be more capable of building up our country(It’s a good chance to lead the students to love our own country as well as to learn English well.) Step 4. Words and expressions 1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English .以英語作為母語的人，即使他們講的英語不盡相同，也可以相互交流。 even if 即使；盡管 even if I have a walk all the way I’ll get there .即使我得一路走著去，我也 要走著去。 2．All languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other .當不同的文化相互滲透時，所有的語言都會發(fā)生變化。 communicate (with sb) 通消息；交流；相連 With the Internet ,he can communicate directly with HongKong and Beijng .用互聯網，他能直接與香港與北京聯系。 3. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 實際上，當時的英語更多的是以德語為基礎，而現代英語不是。 Be based on 以……為基礎 This song is based on an old folk song. 這支歌源于一只古老的民間歌曲。 Step 5. Exercises: 1.Match the new words and expressions with their meanings. 1 actually A for example 2 elevator B a set of rooms for living in 3 nave English speaker C really ;in fact 4 come up to a place D a machine used for moving people or things up and down 5 such as E person who has spoken English since birth 6 apartment F visit a place 7 play a role （in） G all the words and phrases you learn 8 vocabulary H the way that words are used in a language 9 include I have something or somebody as one of a group 10 usage J have a part in Suggested Answers: (1) C (2) D (3) E (4) F (5) A (6) B (7) J (8) G (9) I (10) H 2 .Complete this passage with some of the words above. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as _____ as a ______ English speaker. One reason is that English has a large __________. It also has different usage in different English speaking countries. If you use “flat" instead of “___________", people in America will know you have learned British English. If you use the word _________ instead of “l(fā)ift" in Britain, people will know you have studied America English. Suggested Answers: fluently, native, vocabulary, apartment, elevator Step 5. End 1. Summarize what has been learned during this course. 2. Homework: Write about your feelings, which come into your mind after learning this passage. Period 3 Learning about Language Teaching Goals: 1. To enable Ss to master some new words and expressions 2. To get the Ss to have knowledge of this grammar point: subject Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Grammar 1. Command and Request 祈使句變間接引語，采用動詞+sb.+to do sth .的形式，其否定形式是在不定式前加not ，即動詞+sb.+to do sth 。 表示請求時用動詞ask；表示命令時用order/tell ；表示建議時用adivse 。如： “Follow your teacher’ instructions ,”Mother said to me.→ Mother told me to follow my teacher’s instructions . She said to us ： “Please sit down .”→ She asked us to sit down . He said to him ,“go away ”. → He ordered him to go away . 注意： 1.不定式的否定形式中，not 必須放在to 前面。 誤：He told me to not forget to turn off the light . 正：He told me not to forget to turn off the light . 2. 祈使句間接引語到的引述動詞除了ask ，tell ，order，advise 之外，還有remind，warn 等。 “Remember to switch off all the lights ,she said .” → She reminded me to switch off all the lights . “Don’t make the same mistake any more ”,she said . → She warned me not to make the same mistake . Practice Purpose: To get the Ss to have knowledge of the grammar through exercise. 2. Exercises 單項填空（直接引語與間接引語） (1) The teacher asked us ______so much noise A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make (2) Yesterday he told me that he had met his uncle ______. A. two years ago B. two years before C, before two years D. for two years (3) I was told that the singer _____in 1980. A. was B. is born C. had been born D. had born (4) The teacher told us that the earth _____around the sun , A. travels B. traveled C. had traveled D is traveling (5) He said he_____ here soon . A. would go B. would come C. will go D,. will come (6) John suggested _____swimming tomorrow. A going B. to go C. we will go D. we going (7) The teacher _____ me to have another try , B. warned B. suggested C. hoped D. asked (8) Mother said that ______would do all washing herself . C. she B. herC. we D. I (9)“______polite to the guests ,”said my father , A. Please B. Do be C. Are D .Should (10) He left here, ______that he was thankful for our help. A. said B. to say C. saying D. say Suggested Answers: (1)～(5) DBAAB (6)～(10) ADABC Period 4 using language Teaching Goal : 1. Learn something about standard English and dialects. 2. Learn some language points. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Reading and talking Purpose: Through reading the text to know something about the dialect in English . 1. In china, there are so many dialects that the government encourages the whole nation to speak Putonghua, which is regarded as standard Chinese. However local people also speak their own dialects. 2.Get Ss to work in pairs. Let one student be a Chinese and the other a foreigner. Play a conversation about the Chinese language, Putonghua and different dialects . 3.If you think students might have difficulty telling a story, you may have them discuss why Putonghua has to be used in China . Step 2. Words and expressions 1. believe it or not 信不信由你 Believe it or not ,John cheated in the exams .信不信由你，約翰在考試中作弊了， 2.standard: adj標準的，合乎規(guī)范的 standard time 標準時間 standard English 標準英語 3. play a part in 在……中發(fā)揮作用 He played an important part in the meeting .他在會議中發(fā)揮著重要作用。 4. recognize vt. 認得，認出 recognize an old friend 認出一位老朋友 Step 3. Listening Purpose :to practise students listening ability. 1. Individual work Listen to the passage and ask Ss to answer the following True or False questions ⑴There is such a thing as standard English. ⑵American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. ⑶Geography also play a part in making dialects. ⑷Americans cant recognize each other’s dialect. Suggested Answers: (1) F (2) T (3) T (4) F 2.Group work Ask Ss to have a discussion and explain their reasons . Period 5 Listening，Speaking & Writing Teaching Goal: To practice Ss’ listening, speaking and writing ability. Teaching Procedures: Step1. Listening Individual work : Listening to the text and put these sentences in the right sequence. Key: 1. Buford, Billy Bob and Lester went swimming. 2. Lester saw a catfish. 3. Lester thought the catfish would eat him. 4. Lester climbed a tree. 5. Buford and Billy Bob laughed. 6. Now Lester is too afraid to visit the place. Listening to the text and answer the following questions . 1. What does Buford think of Texas? How do you know? 2. How large was the catfish? 3. why did Lester get out of the water very quickly? 4. Why did Buford and Big Billy Bob laugh? Suggested Answers: 1. He believes it’s almost a different country from the US. The listening text tells us it is so. 2. The boys thought that the catfish was almost the size of a house. 3. He thought the catfish would eat them. 4. They laughed because Lester believed the catfish would hurt him. Step 2. Speaking Purpose:To practice Ss’ oral English. 1. Sometimes Ss may meet a foreigner in a public place and the foreigner may ask for directions. In English, the words used for directions often vary depending on what kind of English the speaker uses. After Ss read this dialogue, you can ask them to identify the differences in directions given by Amy and the lady. Here is a list. Amy （American） Lady （British） subway underground left left-hand side keep going straight go straight on two blocks two streets right right-hand side Step 3. writing Purpose: To make a poster that shows all your ideas clearly . 1. Individual work: Since Ss are very young and many would like to learn English well, so please list some reasons why we should learn English well. And then ask Ss to answer one by one. Suggested Answers: (1) to use for business. (2) to talk to people who speak English. (3) to use in school. (4) to read English books. 2 Group work: Divide Ss into several groups and ask them to write a poster and ask some of them to read their passage. Sample poster. CHINA’S FUTURE LIES WITH LEARNING ENGLISH Reasons: For learning English ※ World trade is done in English ※ International organizations use English ※ We need contact with the developed Western world to build out country ※ The developed world use English in its dealings Why the Chinese language will not d ※ Very few people in the West speak Chinese ※ Chinese is a difficult language to learn . ※ Most businessman don’t have time to learn a new language every time they enter a new international market . SO CHINA’S FUTURE LIES WITH LEARNING ENGLISH Periods 5 Reading and speaking Step1 reading Activity 1 T：Let’s try to find it out whether it is the case.Now please turn to page 13, we will learn “using language”. read it fast and then answer these questions. 1.Is there the same case？Can you list some examples？ 2.Why are there so many dialects in the US？ 3.What is the standard English？ 4.Do you think there’s the standard English？ 5.Can you tell an interesting or funny story that shows great difference between dialects in Chinese？ (note: ask five students to answer the questions) Suggested answers： 1.Yes.It has many dialects，such as Midwestern，southern，African American and Spanish dialects. 2.Because people have come from all over the world.Geography also plays a part in making dialects. 3.It is believed to be the English spoken on TV and the radio. 4.No. 5.Keys or Kiss？ One friend of mine was giving an English lesson to a class of adults who had recently come to live in the United States.After placing quite a number of everyday objects on a table he asked various members of the class to give him the ruler，the book，the pen and so on.The class went very smoothly，and the students seemed interested and serious about the work that they were engaged in until my friend turned to an Italian and said，“Give me the keys.” The man looked surprised and somewhat at a loss（有點手足無措）. Seeing this，my friend thought that the student hadn’t heard him clearly，so he repeated，“Give me the keys.” The Italian shrugged his shoulders.Then，he threw his arms around the teacher’s neck and kissed him on both cheeks. Activity 2 T: Undeline the topic sentence of each paragraph Para. 1: There is no such a thing as Standard English. Para. 2: English has many dialects whose words and expressions are different from “standard English”. Para. 3: Geography plays a part in making dialects. Step 2 speaking. T: From the passage, we know aithough American speak English, there are their dialect.It is obvious that there are the differences between countries.There is a dialogue which also shows the difference. Activity 1. Lead ss to read three dialogues. Ask Ss to read the dialogues according to roles. Activity 2 Find the British and American words but have the same meaning. Ⅲ. Language points 1. request n/v 要求， 請求 request sb to do sth request that sb (should) do sth Eg: I requested them to stop making such noise. I requested that he should leave at once She requested