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1、北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 2004年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試 英漢同聲傳譯專業(yè)試卷 Ⅰ.　將以下單句譯成漢語(yǔ)〔25分〕 1) In the first half of this year, China’s GDP grew by 8.2%--despite the SARS virus. Electricity demand rose by 15% in the same period, led by power-hungry industries such as steel and aluminum. 2) China, anxious about capital flight and pro

2、ud of its economic sovereignty, will not be browbeaten into floating the yuan by hectoring Americans. 3) Power stations tend to be built far from cities, and to be surrounded by idle “buffer〞 land. It is suggested that greenhouses could be built no this land with the exhaust from the power station

3、pumped in go supply the heat they need. Such greenhouses could be used to grow fruit, vegetables and flowers cheaply. 4) Out of all the unbecoming parts of drug addiction, the search for clean needles is particularly ghastly. Dirty needles account for a third of all reported AIDS cases: they also e

4、xplain why half of all long-term addicts get hepatitis C. 5) The fight over farm trade at the WTO ministerial meeting in the Mexican city of Cancun boils down to how far the rich world cuts tariffs on agricultural goods and dismantles its vast farm -subsidies, and by how much developing countries r

5、educe their own considerable tariffs in return. Ⅱ. 將以下短文譯成漢語(yǔ)〔50分〕 Unemployment in America is high, and elections are on the horizon. It must be time to look east again for scapegoats. Japan is only starting to recover from its protracted recession, so China will be handed the role of economic vi

6、llain in the coming U.S. election cycle. Expect to hear a chorus of presidential candidates blame unfair Chinese competition for America’s manufacturing woes. China’s trading partners do have legitimate grievances, but it would be irresponsible and inaccurate for American politicians to pin the Uni

7、ted States’ economic sluggishness on scheming culprits in Beijing. Traveling in Asia in October, Treasury Secretary John Snow heeded political pressures back home in exhorting Chinese leaders to let the market price their currency. This is a desirable outcome in the long run, but a raft of immediate

8、 caveats come to mind. China’s financial system remains fragile, and sudden currency volatility could lead to a banking crisis that could sell disaster for the world economy. Washington would do better to urge China’s leaders to focus on their lack of preparation to assume their proper role in the

9、world’s financial order, rather than to demand any supposedly quick fix. Moreover, China’s refusal to devalue its currency in the aftermath of the late 1990’s crises in East Asia—much appreciated by its neighbors and Washington at a time when the yuan seemed overvalued—adds credence to Beijing’s ins

10、istence that it prizes stability when it comes to exchange rates, not short-term advantage. With most economists concerned that China’s robust growth could fuel inflation and a speculative bubble, there are valid reasons for Beijing to fear a surging currency. Ⅲ. 將以下單句譯成英語(yǔ)(25分) 1) 盡管20世紀(jì)90年代全

11、國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，美國(guó)家庭最富有者和最貧窮者收入之間的差距繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。 2) 中華民族大家庭，靠文化價(jià)值觀—風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言、文字—凝聚成一體。但家庭內(nèi)部也有紛爭(zhēng)，家庭延續(xù)也有興衰。 3) 如果沒(méi)有移民，美國(guó)不可能在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間制造出原子彈；沒(méi)有移民，美國(guó)也不會(huì)成為當(dāng)今世界是的唯一超級(jí)大國(guó)。 4) 已經(jīng)有一整年沒(méi)活動(dòng)筋骨了，整天坐在研究室里，翻閱資料，逐漸感覺(jué)到身體的機(jī)能在退化，筋骨像是長(zhǎng)了銹，甚至出現(xiàn)腰酸背痛的跡象。 5) 澳門是中國(guó)南海國(guó)邊的一個(gè)小城，面積現(xiàn)有約24平方公里，人口也不過(guò)約43萬(wàn)人。但是，在中國(guó)的高等教育開展史上，書寫了光芒的開創(chuàng)篇，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)第一所

12、西式大學(xué)就是在這里于1594年創(chuàng)辦的。 Ⅳ. 將以下短文譯成英語(yǔ)(50分) 在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的條件下，資源肯定要向本錢低、效益高、利潤(rùn)大的地方流動(dòng)。所以，生產(chǎn)要素往城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)興旺的地區(qū)集中，是完全自發(fā)和自動(dòng)的必然流向。在“全球化〞的過(guò)程中，會(huì)伴生一個(gè)副作用，就是富者越富，窮者越窮。不要說(shuō)“全球化〞，就是“全國(guó)化〞也一樣，有錢的地區(qū)，就能提供各種優(yōu)惠來(lái)吸引投資，沒(méi)錢的地區(qū)，由于各種困難而屢屢失去時(shí)機(jī)，東西部差距、城鄉(xiāng)差距就會(huì)越來(lái)越大。在這種情況下，農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)民肯定處于弱勢(shì)地位，而保障農(nóng)民各項(xiàng)權(quán)益，都是要花錢的，如單靠自身的努力，情況肯定以改變，必須由相對(duì)富裕的地區(qū)給予大力幫助，也包括各級(jí)政

13、府的財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付、政策優(yōu)惠，以及各種社會(huì)公共資源的傾斜。因此，保障農(nóng)民權(quán)益的根本出路就在于開展經(jīng)濟(jì)，首先得讓農(nóng)民逐步富裕起來(lái)。 如果仍舊保持在傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的框架之下，只靠那“一畝三分地〞，不管種什么也只能勉強(qiáng)糊口，發(fā)不了財(cái)。要解決當(dāng)前的“三農(nóng)〞問(wèn)題，必須從結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行大調(diào)整，盡可能去賺城里人的錢。而政府那么要改善大環(huán)境，幫助農(nóng)民從小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的桎梏中走出去，翻開新開地，農(nóng)民才能富裕起來(lái)。 答案局部： 北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 2004年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試 英漢同聲傳譯專業(yè)試題 Ⅰ.　將以下單句譯成漢語(yǔ)〔25分〕 1) In the first half of this year, China

14、’s GDP grew by 8.2%--despite the SARS virus. Electricity demand rose by 15% in the same period, led by power-hungry industries such as steel and aluminum. 2) China, anxious about capital flight and proud of its economic sovereignty, will not be browbeaten into floating the yuan by hectoring America

15、ns. 3) Power stations tend to be built far from cities, and to be surrounded by idle “buffer〞 land. It is suggested that greenhouses could be built on this land with the exhaust from the power station pumped in to supply the heat they need. Such greenhouses could be used to grow fruit, vegetables a

16、nd flowers cheaply. 4) Out of all the unbecoming parts of drug addiction, the search for clean needles is particularly ghastly. Dirty needles account for a third of all reported AIDS cases: they also explain why half of all long-term addicts get hepatitis C. 5) The fight over farm trade at the WTO

17、 ministerial meeting in the Mexican city of Cancun boils down to how far the rich world cuts tariffs on agricultural goods and dismantles its vast farm-subsidies, and by how much developing countries reduce their own considerable tariffs in return. 譯文： 1〕今年上半年，盡管受到非典疫情影響，中國(guó)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值還是增長(zhǎng)了8.2%。同期，在能

18、源消耗量大的行業(yè)，如鋼材業(yè)和鋁業(yè)的帶動(dòng)下，用電需求量增長(zhǎng)了15%。 2〕中國(guó)擔(dān)憂資本外逃，且以自身經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立為榮，不會(huì)因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人虛張聲勢(shì)的威逼而允許人民幣自由浮動(dòng)。 3〕發(fā)電站往往都建在遠(yuǎn)離城市的地方，周圍還有一片閑置土地作為“緩沖區(qū)〞。有人建議可以在那片土地上修建溫室，用泵把發(fā)電站排出的氣體充到溫室里，以提供溫室所需熱量。在這些溫室里種植水果、蔬菜和花卉本錢很低。 4〕吸毒有太多危害/千般不是，然而缺少/沒(méi)有清潔的針頭是最要命/可怕的/最要命的是找不到干凈的針頭。/吸毒的種種危害中最可怕的是找不到清潔的針頭。的/已確診的艾滋病例中有三分之一是由于使用了不清潔的針頭而受到傳染：這也說(shuō)明為什

19、么長(zhǎng)期吸毒者有一半都染上了丙型肝炎。 5〕在墨西哥城市坎昆舉行的世貿(mào)組織部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議圍繞農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了劇烈的爭(zhēng)論。爭(zhēng)論的要點(diǎn)在于富國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品關(guān)稅應(yīng)降低多少、應(yīng)取消大量農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼，而作為回報(bào)開展中國(guó)家應(yīng)將其原本較高的關(guān)稅降低多少。 Ⅱ. 將以下短文譯成漢語(yǔ)〔50分〕 Unemployment in America is high, and elections are on the horizon. It must be time to look east again for scapegoats. Japan is only starting to recover from its pro

20、tracted recession, so China will be handed the role of economic villain in the coming U.S. election cycle. Expect to hear a chorus of presidential candidates blame unfair Chinese competition for America’s manufacturing woes. China’s trading partners do have legitimate grievances, but it would be ir

21、responsible and inaccurate for American politicians to pin the United States’ economic sluggishness on scheming culprits in Beijing. Traveling in Asia in October, Treasury Secretary John Snow heeded political pressures back home in exhorting Chinese leaders to let the market price their currency. Th

22、is is a desirable outcome in the long run, but a raft of immediate caveats come to mind. China’s financial system remains fragile, and sudden currency volatility could lead to a banking crisis that could spell disaster for the world economy. Washington would do better to urge China’s leaders to foc

23、us on their lack of preparation to assume their proper role in the world’s financial order, rather than to demand any supposedly quick fix. Moreover, China’s refusal to devalue its currency in the aftermath of the late 1990’s crises in East Asia—much appreciated by its neighbors and Washington at a

24、time when the yuan seemed overvalued—adds credence to Beijing’s insistence that it prizes stability when it comes to exchange rates, not short-term advantage. With most economists concerned that China’s robust growth could fuel inflation and a speculative bubble, there are valid reasons for Beijing

25、to fear a surging currency. 譯文： 目前美國(guó)的失業(yè)率居高不下，而總統(tǒng)選舉即將到來(lái)。現(xiàn)在到東半球去找替罪羊正是時(shí)候。日本經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)期的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退才剛開始恢復(fù)，所以在即將到來(lái)的美國(guó)大選活動(dòng)/時(shí)期中，中國(guó)將被迫扮演經(jīng)濟(jì)上的反面角色。想必肯定能聽(tīng)到總統(tǒng)候選人們異口同聲地將美國(guó)制造業(yè)面臨的困境歸罪于中國(guó)的不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 中國(guó)的貿(mào)易伙伴覺(jué)得吃虧是可以理解的，但是美國(guó)政客將美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條歸罪于北京詭計(jì)多端，那是不負(fù)責(zé)任也是不對(duì)的。十月，財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)約翰·斯諾在亞洲訪問(wèn)時(shí)，鑒于美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的政治壓力，敦促中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人讓市場(chǎng)來(lái)決定人民幣的價(jià)格。長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，人民幣價(jià)格能自由浮動(dòng)當(dāng)然是最理想的情況

26、/結(jié)果/出路，然而要留心許多其它迫在眉睫的警告/告誡/問(wèn)題。 中國(guó)的金融體系仍比擬脆弱，如果一下子讓貨幣自由波動(dòng)，會(huì)導(dǎo)致銀行業(yè)危機(jī)，將給整個(gè)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。華盛頓方面應(yīng)該敦促中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人意識(shí)到中國(guó)要在世界金融體系中發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用還缺乏必要的準(zhǔn)備工作，而不應(yīng)該要求中國(guó)立刻采取所謂的應(yīng)急措施。此外，20世紀(jì)90年代后期東亞金融危機(jī)發(fā)生之后，中國(guó)堅(jiān)決不讓人民幣貶值，而當(dāng)時(shí)人民幣價(jià)格似乎已經(jīng)被高估了，中國(guó)因此深受其鄰國(guó)和美國(guó)的表?yè)P(yáng)。這讓人更加相信北京在外匯問(wèn)題上一貫看重是穩(wěn)定而并非短期利益。大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家都擔(dān)憂中國(guó)開展太猛可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹和投機(jī)行為，因此北京害怕人民幣急劇升值是完全有理由的。

27、 Ⅲ. 將以下單句譯成英語(yǔ)(25分) 1) 盡管20世紀(jì)90年代全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，美國(guó)家庭最富有者和最貧窮者收入之間的差距繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大。 2) 中華民族大家庭，靠文化價(jià)值觀——風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言、文字——凝聚成一體。但家庭內(nèi)部也有紛爭(zhēng)，家庭延續(xù)也有興衰。 3) 如果沒(méi)有移民，美國(guó)不可能在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間制造出原子彈；沒(méi)有移民，美國(guó)也不會(huì)成為當(dāng)今世界上的唯一超級(jí)大國(guó)。 4) 已經(jīng)有一整年沒(méi)活動(dòng)筋骨了，整天坐在研究室里，翻閱資料，逐漸感覺(jué)到身體的機(jī)能在退化，筋骨像是長(zhǎng)了銹，甚至出現(xiàn)腰酸背痛的跡象。 5) 澳門是中國(guó)南海邊的一個(gè)小城，面積現(xiàn)有約24平方公里，人口也

28、不過(guò)約43萬(wàn)人。但是，在中國(guó)的高等教育開展史上，書寫了光芒的開創(chuàng)篇，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)第一所西式大學(xué)就是在這里于1594年創(chuàng)辦的。 Translation: 1) The gaps of income between the wealthiest and the poorest families in the USA is widening though the national economy began to pick up in the 1990s. 2) Chinese nation as a large family/A large family of Chinese n

29、ation is united by cultural values—customs, language and Chinese characters. However, there are disputes within the family and ups and downs in the family history. 3) If there were no immigrants, America couldn’t have invented the atom bomb during WWII; if there are no immigrants, America couldn

30、’t have been the only superpower in today’s world. 4) I haven’t done any exercise for a whole year. Sitting in the laboratory everyday, skimming through reference materials, I begin to feel gradually the degradation of my bodily functions. My bones and muscles begin to get rusty and there are ev

31、en signs of sore waist and aching back. 5) Macao, with a territory of about 24 square kilometers and a population of no more than 430,000, is a small Chinese city on the coast of the South China Sea. However, it marked the splendid opening on the history of China’s higher education because the f

32、irst Western-style university in China was founded here in 1594. Ⅳ. 將以下短文譯成英語(yǔ)(50分) 在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的條件下，資源肯定要向本錢低、效益高、利潤(rùn)大的地方流動(dòng)。所以，生產(chǎn)要素往城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)興旺的地區(qū)集中，是完全自發(fā)和自動(dòng)的必然流向。在“全球化〞的過(guò)程中，會(huì)伴生一個(gè)副作用，就是富者越富，窮者越窮。不要說(shuō)“全球化〞，就是“全國(guó)化〞也一樣，有錢的地區(qū)，就能提供各種優(yōu)惠來(lái)吸引投資，沒(méi)錢的地區(qū)，由于各種困難而屢屢失去時(shí)機(jī)，東西部差距、城鄉(xiāng)差距就會(huì)越來(lái)越大。在這種情況下，農(nóng)村、農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)民肯定處于弱勢(shì)地位，而保障農(nóng)民各項(xiàng)權(quán)益，都是要花

33、錢的，如單靠自身的努力，情況肯定難以改變，必須由相對(duì)富裕的地區(qū)給予大力幫助，也包括各級(jí)政府的財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付、政策優(yōu)惠，以及各種社會(huì)公共資源的傾斜。因此，保障農(nóng)民權(quán)益的根本出路就在于開展經(jīng)濟(jì)，首先得讓農(nóng)民逐步富裕起來(lái)。 如果仍舊保持在傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的框架之下，只靠那“一畝三分地〞，不管種什么也只能勉強(qiáng)糊口，發(fā)不了財(cái)。要解決當(dāng)前的“三農(nóng)〞問(wèn)題，必須從結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行大調(diào)整，盡可能去賺城里人的錢。而政府那么要改善大環(huán)境，幫助農(nóng)民從小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的桎梏中走出去，翻開新天地，農(nóng)民才能富裕起來(lái)。 Translation: In a market economy, resources will definitely

34、flow to regions where there are lower cost, higher returns, and greater profits. Therefore, it is a completely spontaneous, automatic and inexorable for production factors to concentrate in cities and economically developed regions. A side effect, that is the rich becomes richer and the poor poorer,

35、 will accompany the process of “globalization〞. In the process of “integration of the entire nation〞, not to mention “globalization〞, well-off regions can offer various preferential treatments to attract investment while poor regions may lose opportunities once and again due to various difficulties,

36、 and the gap between the east and the west, the urban and the rural areas is widening. Under such circumstances, rural areas, agriculture, and farmers are certainly at a disadvantage. However, since money is needed to protect farmers’ rights and interests, the above situation can be hardly changed i

37、f they are to rely only on themselves. Instead, comparatively well-off regions should give strong support, and government at all levels should help them with financial transfer and preferential policies, and preferences of various social public resources. Therefore, the ultimate way to protect farme

38、rs’ rights and interests is to develop economy, to help farmers become wealthy step by step. Farmers may be able to scrape a living but can never make a fortune no matter what they grow if they are still to rely solely on their small “plot of one mu and three fen〞 within the traditional framework f

39、or agriculture. In order to solve the current problems concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, fundamental structural readjustments must be made and farmers should try their best to earn money from rural residents. At the same time, the government should improve the macro environment to help farmers throw off the shackles of small-scale peasant economy and open up new fields for development. Only thus, can farmers get rich.