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1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)3〔開放英語(yǔ)3〕輔導(dǎo)資料六 主 題：Unit 25－Unit29的復(fù)習(xí)〔二〕 學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間：2011年5月16日－5月22日 內(nèi) 容： 我們這周主要復(fù)習(xí)Unit 25－Unit29的相關(guān)內(nèi)容.希望通過(guò)下面的內(nèi)容能使同學(xué)們加深對(duì)這幾個(gè)單元相關(guān)詞匯、短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法的理解. 一、學(xué)習(xí)要求 1．掌握Unit 25－Unit29所涉與的相關(guān)詞匯、短語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)法. 二、主要內(nèi)容 1．不定代詞everything, something, anything, nothing的用法 ⑴everything ①一切事物；每樣事物： This shop sells everything

2、 needed for camping.〔這家商店出售一切露營(yíng)用具.〕Tell me everything about it.〔告訴我這件事情的始末.〕 ②〔用作表語(yǔ)〕最重要的事： Money is everything to him.〔金錢對(duì)他比什么都重要.〕 She’s beautiful,I agree,but beauty is not everything.〔我同意她是美麗的,但美并不是最重要的.〕 ⑵something某事；某物；某東西： There's something on the floor.〔地板上有東西.〕 I want something to eat.〔

3、我想吃些東西.〕 something一般用在肯定句中,但在某些表示征求意見(jiàn)或希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問(wèn)句中,也用something 如： Would you like something to drink?〔你要不要喝點(diǎn)什么？〕 ⑶anything ①一般用在否定句與疑問(wèn)句,意為某事；某物；某東西： Is there anything in that box?〔那個(gè)盒子里有東西嗎？〕 Has anything unusual happened?〔有沒(méi)有什么不正常的事發(fā)生？〕 They haven't anything to eat.〔他們沒(méi)有東西可吃.〕 ②無(wú)論什么： I w

4、ant something to eat,anything will do.〔我想要些東西吃,無(wú)論什么都可以.〕 ⑷nothing意為"沒(méi)有任何東西,沒(méi)有什么".如： Nothing is found on the table.〔桌子上什么也沒(méi)有.〕 nothing一般用來(lái)回答含anything的一般問(wèn)句與what引起的特殊問(wèn)句.請(qǐng)看： ①—What is in the box? —Nothing. ②—Is there anything in the sky? —Nothing. 2．used to do sth.意思是"過(guò)去常常做某事",表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常做或一直做而現(xiàn)在不做,它只

5、用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài). ⑴肯定句式： 主語(yǔ)＋used to＋動(dòng)詞原形…… 例如：I used to play football,but I never have time now.〔我過(guò)去經(jīng)常踢足球,但現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有時(shí)間了.〕 ⑵否定句式： ①主語(yǔ)＋did not use to＋動(dòng)詞原形…… ②主語(yǔ)＋used not to＋動(dòng)詞原形…… 第一種否定句型,就是把used當(dāng)做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞來(lái)看,所以變否定句要用助動(dòng)詞did；第二種否定句是把used當(dāng)做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,變否定句直接在used后面加not即可,used not可以縮寫成usedn't或usen't. 美式英語(yǔ)通常用A種形式,英式英語(yǔ)常用B種形式

6、.例如： I didn't use to drink.〔你過(guò)去不喝酒.〕 The shop usedn't to open on Sundays.〔過(guò)去這家商店星期天不營(yíng)業(yè).〕 ⑶一般疑問(wèn)句式： ①Did＋主語(yǔ)＋use to＋動(dòng)詞原形……？ ②Used＋主語(yǔ)＋to＋動(dòng)詞原形……？ 美式英語(yǔ)通常用A種形式,英式英語(yǔ)用B種形式.例如： Did you use to go swimming in the river when you were young?〔你小時(shí)候經(jīng)常在河里游泳嗎？〕 Used he go to school by bike?〔他過(guò)去騎車上學(xué)嗎？〕 ⑷used t

7、o用于省略句時(shí),肯定式保留to,否定式不保留to.例如： —Used you play basketball? 〔你過(guò)去常打籃球嗎？〕 —Yes, I used to. / No,I usedn't. 〔是的,經(jīng)常打./不,不常打. I don't write to him now, but I used to.〔我現(xiàn)在不給他寫信了,但過(guò)去經(jīng)常寫.〕 3．Since 和 for 的用法 表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等. ⑴since短語(yǔ)或從句表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今,since

8、之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn). 如： Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 〔1984年以來(lái),史密斯先生一直在這工作.〕 He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 〔他上大學(xué)以來(lái)大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞.〕 ⑵for短語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,for的賓語(yǔ)為時(shí)間段. 如： We have known each other for twenty years. 〔我們認(rèn)識(shí)有二十年了.〕 I haven’t seen her for a long time. 〔我好久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她了.

9、〕 4．注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的已完成用法很容易與一般過(guò)去時(shí)相混淆,其區(qū)別是：前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果,后者不強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)影響和結(jié)果,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過(guò)去.如： I’ve lived here for ten years.〔我在這里住了10年.〕〔現(xiàn)在仍住這兒〕 I lived here for ten years. 我在這里住過(guò)10年.〔現(xiàn)在不住這兒了〕 Has he got up?〔他起來(lái)了嗎？〕〔著眼現(xiàn)在情況〕 Did you get up very early?〔你起來(lái)很早嗎？〕〔著眼動(dòng)作本身〕 I’ve got no news from

10、 him.〔我沒(méi)聽(tīng)到他的消息.〕〔不知道他的情況怎樣〕 I got the news from Jim.〔這消息我是從吉姆那聽(tīng)來(lái)的.〕〔單純談?wù)搫?dòng)作〕 5．與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常連用的副詞有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等.如： We have finished our work already.〔我們已經(jīng)完成了工作.〕 He has never driven a car before.〔他過(guò)去從未開過(guò)車.〕 Have you ever been a teacher?〔你當(dāng)過(guò)教師嗎？〕 She’s just

11、 been to a party.〔她剛參加一個(gè)晚會(huì)回來(lái).〕 I’ve just had some photos taken.〔我剛照了幾張相.〕 6．掌握have been to和have gone to的用法區(qū)別 兩者均可后接地點(diǎn),前者表示去過(guò)某地,通?？膳c表示次數(shù)的狀語(yǔ)連用；后者表示到某地去了,強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的當(dāng)時(shí)去某地的人不在場(chǎng).比較： She has been to Europe twice.〔她到歐洲去過(guò)兩次.〕 She has gone to Europe. <她到歐洲去了.>〔即現(xiàn)在不在這兒〕 ? 注：若其后不是接名詞,而是接副詞,則不用to.如： He has bee

12、n abroad many times. 他多次出國(guó). He has gone home. 他回家去了. 7．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法 ⑴過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)then, at this time, yesterday, at nine, last night等連用.但在不少情況下,沒(méi)有表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)需要通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示. What were you doing at nine last night?〔昨晚九點(diǎn)時(shí),你在做什么？〕 I called you yesterday afternoon but there

13、 was no answer.〔昨天下午我打 給你,但是沒(méi)有人接 .〕 ⑵當(dāng)兩個(gè)一長(zhǎng)一短的動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)間同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí),用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于主句,也可用于從句. It was raining hard when I left my office.〔當(dāng)我離開辦公室時(shí),雨下得正大.〕 When you called, I was eating.〔你打 時(shí),我正在吃飯.〕 When I was cleaning the windows, my brother was sweeping the floor.〔當(dāng)我在擦窗戶的時(shí)候,我弟弟在拖地.〕 Some s

14、tudents were playing football, while others were running round the track.〔一些學(xué)生在踢足球,同時(shí)別的學(xué)生正在跑道上跑步.〕 ⑶過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作.也就是說(shuō)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),只是表示有過(guò)這件事；用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),則強(qiáng)調(diào)了動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性. Li Ming washed the dishes.〔李明洗過(guò)盤子了.〕 Li Ming was washing the dishes.〔李明在洗盤子.〕 The children watched TV ye

15、sterday evening.〔昨天晚上孩子們看了電視.〕 The children were watching TV yesterday evening.〔昨晚孩子們整晚都在看電視.〔沒(méi)干別的〕〕 I was reading a novel this morning.〔上午我在看小說(shuō).〔可能沒(méi)看完〕〕 I read a novel this morning.〔上午我看了一本小說(shuō).〔已經(jīng)看完了〕〕 三、課后練習(xí) 閱讀下面的短文,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案,并將答案寫在答題紙上. "Wash every day and you'll die young, my so

16、n !" People often said those words, long ago, of course. Napoleon's wife had new clothes every month, instead of a bath. <"It's quicker," she always said.> Rich people did not often have a bath. They washed their hands and faces, but not their bodies. Many poor people did not wash at all. A young

17、man once said to a doctor: "Soap and water have never touched my body." Why didn't people wash in those days long ago? Well, they did not have water in their houses. They carried water from rivers or from holes in the ground <=wells泉>. Towns-

18、 people bought it from a water-carrier. Sometimes it was expensive, and soap was always expensive. They drank water, of course, and so they were clean inside. They did not think about the outside! And this is true: they just did not like a bath. Modern life is different. We use a lot of soap and w

19、ater. And we are all quite clean. However a few people use too much soap, and they often get ill. Who are these people? Many young women work as hairdressers. They wash and then "dress" other women's hair. That is their job, and they like it. Young hairdressers sometimes wash thirty heads on a busy

20、 day! Their hands are soapy for seven or eight hours, and that is not a good thing. A young hairdresser's hands are often red and ugly, and she must then go to a doctor. 1．Which of the following is not true in those days long ago? A. Rich people often bought new clothes. B.?Rich people washed the

21、ir faces and hands. C.?Rich people often had baths. D.?Many poor people never wash at all. 2．"It's quicker" means that _______. A.?washing her face and hands is quicker than washing herself B.?having a bath is quicker than putting on new clothes C. putting on new clothes is quicker than having

22、 a bath D. washing herself is quicker than washing her face and hands 3．People didn't wash in the old days because _______. 5 / 5 A. they didn't want to B. they didn't have enough water C. they had no water at all D. they drank water 4．Nowadays _______ use too much soap. A. young women B. people C. boys D. hairdressers 5．Hairdressers arrange and cut _______. A. people's hair B. men's hair C. women's hair D. women's clothes 注：練習(xí)題答案將在下周的輔導(dǎo)資料中公布. 輔導(dǎo)資料五練習(xí)題答案 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D