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Unit 1 1.選詞填空 explore(v.勘探，探測) transmit(v.傳送，傳遞，傳播) resource(n.資源) emerge(v.出現(xiàn)，為所公認(rèn)) yield(v.產(chǎn)生，出產(chǎn)，屈從，讓步) pose(v.擺姿勢，導(dǎo)致) assume(v.認(rèn)為，假定，假設(shè)) confidence(n.信任信賴，自信心) inherit(v.沿襲，秉承，繼承) comprehensive(a.綜合的，多方面的) 1. Given the chance to show his ability, he regainedconfidence and began to succeed in school. 2. It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep. 3. It was about 30 seconds before Alex emerged from the water; we were quite scared. 4. We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do, they do them for the same reasons; but this assumption is not always reasonable. 5. There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability. 6. After a(n) comprehensive physical exam, my doctor said I was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high. 7. It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources and a very big population. 8. Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population. 9. Saminherited the gift of imagination from his family, but he lacked the driving power to take action. 10. A bee that has found honey is able to transmit to other bees the information they need in order to collect the honey. 2.15選10 attain贏得，獲得，得到 fascinating迷人的，吸引人fulfill履行，執(zhí)行 pursue追求，致力于 available可獲得的可利用的 qualify使合適，合格 raise提升，增加 passion強(qiáng)烈的愛好，熱愛 virtually實(shí)際上 classify分類歸類 acquire獲得，取得，學(xué)到 fashionable流行的 especially特別的 sample樣品，標(biāo)本 prosperous繁榮的 University students come from different parts of the country with various purposes. However, a closer look at their reasons for studying at the university will enable us to (1)classify them roughly into three groups: those who have a(n) (2)passion for learning, those who wish to (3)attain a bright future, and those who learn with no definite purpose. Firstly, there are many students who learn simply because they (4)pursue their goal of learning. Some read a wealth of British and American novels because they are keenly interested in literature. Others sit in front of the computer screen, working on a new program, (5)virtually day and night, because they find some computer programs (6)fascinating, and they dream of becoming a "Bill Gates" one day. Secondly, there are students who work hard mainly for a better and more (7)prosperous future. It seems that the majority of students fall into this group. After admission to the university, they read books after books to (8)acquire knowledge from all of the resources which are (9)available to them, and finally, to succeed in the future job market. Thirdly, there are still some students who learn without a clear goal. They take courses, finish homework, enjoy life on campus, but dont want to (10)sample anything new or challenging. They have no idea what they will be doing after college. And they may end up with nothing in their lives. 3.選詞組 open the door to 給以機(jī)會(huì) in advance 預(yù)先，提前 all at once 同時(shí)，一下子 reap the benefits (of) 得享（某事物）的好處make the most of最大限度的利用某物 over time逐漸地，慢慢地 get by過活，活的去 stand a chance (of)有（做成某事）的希望 remind ... of 使某人想起 take pleasure in樂于做某事 1. My familygot by on my fathers unemployment benefit after he lost his job. 2. Many subway riders read books or listen to music in order to make the most of their time on the way to work. 3. In order to make sure he would be able to attend the meeting, I called him up two weeksin advance. 4. Experts say our company is amazing in that sales have been increasing steadily over time . 5. In order to reap the benefits of the physical exercise, you have to exercise regularly, and for at least half an hour each time. 6. They all tried to talk all at once , but I couldnt hear anything they said. 7. Yellow flowers in the field always remindmeof my childhood in the countryside. 8. We have been practicing for so long and so hard that our team should stand a chance ofwinning the game. 9. Research on genes will open the door to exciting new medical treatments. 10. Every one of you has made a contribution and I take pleasure in acknowledging what each of you has done to make this academic convention such a success. 4.翻譯 SocrateswasaclassicalGreekphilosopherwhoiscreditedwithlayingthefundamentals(基礎(chǔ))ofmodernWesternphilosophy.Heisamysteriousfigureknownchieflythroughtheaccountsoflaterclassicalwriters,especiallythewritingsofhismostfamousstudentPlato.Socrateshasbecomewellknownforhiscontributiontothefieldofethics.Hismethodofteaching,knownastheSocraticMethod,byaskingandansweringquestionstostimulatecriticalthinkingandtoexplainideasremainsacommonlyusedtoolinawiderangeofdiscussions.Healsomadeimportantandlastingcontributionstothefieldofepistemology(認(rèn)識論)andlogic,andtheinfluenceofhisideasandapproachremainsastrongfoundationforWesternphilosophythatfollowed.Socrateswasthemostcolorfulfigureinthehistoryofancientphilosophy.Hisfamewaswidespreadinhisowntime,andhisnamesoonbecameahouseholdwordalthoughheconstructednophilosophicalsystem,establishednoschool,andfoundednosect(宗派). 蘇格拉底是古希臘哲學(xué)家，被譽(yù)為現(xiàn)代西方哲學(xué)的奠基人。他是一個(gè)謎一般的人物，人們主要通過后來的一些古典作家的敘述，尤其是他最著名的學(xué)生柏拉圖的作品去了解他。蘇格拉底以他對倫理學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)而聞名。他的教學(xué)法亦稱為蘇格拉底法，即通過提問和回答來激發(fā)批判性思維以及闡述觀點(diǎn)。該方法在各種討論中仍被普遍使用。他還在認(rèn)識論和邏輯領(lǐng)域作出了重大而深遠(yuǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)。他的思想和方法所帶來的影響一直是后來的西方哲學(xué)的堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。蘇格拉底是古代哲學(xué)史上最豐富多彩的人物。他在他那個(gè)時(shí)代已威名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)。雖然他未曾建立什么哲學(xué)體系，未曾設(shè)立什么學(xué)派，也未曾創(chuàng)立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就變得家喻戶曉了。 孔子是中國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的"圣人"（sage）。他的言論和生平活動(dòng)記錄在《論語》（The Analects）一書中?！墩撜Z》是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。不研究《論語》，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，對中國社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。在21世紀(jì)的今天，孔子的學(xué)說不僅受到中國人的重視，而且也越來越受到整個(gè)國際社會(huì)的重視。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient "sage". His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. Unit 2 1. 選詞填空 embarrass（使尷尬，使窘迫）polish（擦光，擦亮，修改，上潤光劑）emotional（情緒上的，情感上的）efficiency（效率，效能）curb（控制。抑制）await（等待）donation（捐助）dump（丟棄，扔掉）stuff（裝滿，填滿）historical有關(guān)歷史的 1. He has a special feeling for the brilliant birds, and each spring he eagerly awaits their return. 2. Thanks to the efficiency of air transport, everyone is free to go anywhere at any time. 3. John believes that the donation of food to the hungry is more helpful than giving money. 4. Mary was a careful speaker; every word seemed to have been polished before it was allowed to escape through her lips. 5. When she heard it was snowing in the city they were going to, she stuffed two more sweaters into her bag. 6. During our stay in Europe we visited many places of historical interest, including several castles. 7. The wedding ceremony of my sister was a very emotional experience for our family. 8. He was embarrassd when he discovered that he didnt have enough money to pay for the red wine he had ordered. 9. The local government is pressed to find new places to waste. 10. The new system designed to dump harmful emissions (排放物) from factories will be put into use soon. 10. The new system designed tocurb harmful emissions (排放物) from factories will be put into use soon. 2.15選10 emotional令人動(dòng)情的，感情脆弱的 romantic浪漫的多情的空想的 ridiculous可笑的，荒謬的 overwhelmed淹沒壓倒 embarrassment窘迫，難堪 appreciate感激欣賞增值 curious好奇的 awkwardness笨拙粗略難為情 cultivate耕作種植 reverse反轉(zhuǎn)顛倒 parental父母的親本的 therefore因此，所以 reduce減少縮小 beloved被熱愛的，親愛的 otherwise否則另外 Parents and teenagers have different or even opposite things to worry about. For example, while a mother might have a hard time understanding why her teenagers room is always a(n) (1)embarrassment of dirty stuff, the teenagers are more worried about their next exams and may think it is (2)ridiculousfor their mother to insist on keeping a clean room. It is therefore important for you to (3)appreciate the differences and learn to communicate with your teenagers properly. (4)otherwise, your teenagers may say nothing and shut you out of their personal lives. Their refusal to talk with you may even create (5)emotional stress in your life.Learning effective ways to communicate can (6)reverse the situation of a difficult relationship, (7)reduce the stress of your life, and lead to a friendly relationship with your teenagers. First, you should learn to discuss serious problems in daily conversations. So, important topics, such as driving a vehicle and building a(n) (8) romantic relationship, could be dealt with through daily conversations.Second, learn to be an active listener. Many parents are so (9)overwhelmed with their work that they could hardly take some time for their (10)beloved children. Spend your time listening carefully to what your children like to talk about, and make sure your children feel they are being taken seriously. This will increase the chances of good communication. 3.選詞組 make it獲得成功，準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá) with open arms熱烈地，欣然 strip off揭開 去掉 脫掉 keep back抑制，控制，隱瞞 free of/from無拜托了的 after all畢竟終究 straighten up直起身，把弄整潔 throw away扔掉丟棄 1. After 10 years of full-time training, she has finally make it as a professional dancer. 2.After all , what is the point in taking part in the competitive event if the result is only to prove how incompetent you are? 3. Redecorating the house is a challenging task. Its necessary to strip off the wallpaper first. 4. I never really had any problems with change. On the contrary, I welcome change with open arms . 5. A lot of what we throw away is made from raw materials which are not renewable. 6. Megan and John realized that their house was too messy for a new baby, so they decided to straighten up their house before the baby was born. 7. Jennifer couldnt keep back her tears when she saw the sick children at a new blood cancer center in Virginia. 8. We want to give all children a world free of/from violence. 4.翻譯 Christmas is a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated on December 25 by millions of people around the world. It commemorates (紀(jì)念) the birth of Jesus Christ. The festival dated from as early as 336 AD. Gradually it evolved into a religious as well as secular (非宗教的) celebration, celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians. Today Christmas is observed as an important festival and public holiday around the world. Christmas customs differ in different countries. Popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange of Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas singing, church attendance, the display of various Christmas decorations and trees, family gatherings, and a special meal preparation. To small children, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise. Legend (傳說) has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through the chimney and bring gifts to well-behaved children on Christmas Eve. Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival heighten economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has also become a significant event and a key sales period for businesses. 圣誕節(jié)是一個(gè)被廣泛慶祝的文化節(jié)日，全世界有許許多多的人在12月25日慶祝這一節(jié)日。它是為了紀(jì)念耶穌基督的誕辰。該節(jié)日最早可追溯到公元336年。漸漸地，這一節(jié)日演變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)既是宗教又是非宗教的節(jié)日，越來越多的非基督徒也慶祝圣誕節(jié)。如今，圣誕節(jié)在全球被作為一個(gè)重大的節(jié)日和公共假日來慶祝。不同國家的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗也各不相同?，F(xiàn)代流行的圣誕接風(fēng)俗包括交換圣誕賀卡和圣誕禮物、唱圣誕歌曲、參加教堂活動(dòng)、擺放各種圣誕裝飾品和圣誕樹、舉行家庭聚會(huì)以及準(zhǔn)備一頓特別的大餐。對小孩子們來說，這個(gè)節(jié)日充滿了幻想和驚喜。據(jù)傳說，圣誕老人會(huì)在圣誕夜從煙囪進(jìn)入每戶人家，給乖巧聽話的孩子帶來禮物。由于圣誕節(jié)送禮物以及許多其他方面推動(dòng)了基督徒和非基督徒的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，圣誕節(jié)也因此成為商家的一個(gè)重大活動(dòng)和主要銷售季。 每 年 農(nóng) 歷（Chinese lunar calendar）八 月 十 五 是我 國 的 傳 統(tǒng) 節(jié) 日 —— 中 秋 節(jié)（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。這時(shí)是一年秋季的中期，所以被稱為中秋。中秋節(jié)的一項(xiàng)重要活動(dòng)是賞月。夜晚，人們賞明月、吃月餅，共慶中秋佳節(jié)。中秋節(jié)也是家庭團(tuán)圓的時(shí)刻，遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的游子，會(huì)借此寄托自己對故鄉(xiāng)和親人的思念之情。中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗很多，都寄托著人們對美好生活的熱愛和向往。自2008年起，中秋節(jié)成為中國的法定節(jié)假日。 According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival — the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival. There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing peoples love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China. Unit 3 1. 選詞填空 response反應(yīng)，響應(yīng) transform使改觀，使變形 focus焦點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)，集中于 analyze分析，剖析 estimate估計(jì)，估算 competitive競爭性強(qiáng)的，有競爭力的 compensate補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ) adopt采用采納收養(yǎng) typical典型的有代表的 regulate調(diào)整校準(zhǔn)調(diào)節(jié) 1. To make our companies competitive in the market, we have to be more creative and productive. 2. People are beginning to realize that to transform nature at will is the biggest mistake that man has ever made. 3. It is difficult to conclude what a(n) typical student does in his spare time because every student has different interests. 4. A month ago I wrote to the store complaining about its bad service, but I havent gotten a(n) response yet. 5. Some of your suggestions have been adopted , but others have been turned down as they are not workable. 6. All of a sudden, he lost his interest in engineering, and focused his attention on learning a foreign language. 7. If a company decreases health benefits for its employees, they should increase salaries to compensate the workers. 8. I failed to pass the exam although I had worked very hard. I should analyzethe causes of my failure. 9. When you do yoga, try to regulate your breathing. Dont breathe too fast and make sure you breathe only through your nose. 10. It was difficult to estimate how many people had been wounded in the earthquake. 2.15選10 complex復(fù)雜的 access享用權(quán)，享用機(jī)會(huì) preferred提出，提升 require要求 undergraduate大學(xué)生 大學(xué)的 accountable可解釋的可說明的 acquire獲得得到 tranmits傳輸傳送 indispensable不可或缺的 creativity創(chuàng)造性，創(chuàng)造力 referred提及，針對 seeks 尋找，追求 post郵件，張貼，快速行進(jìn) connectivity連通性 transform改變改觀 There have been increased demands for higher education to provide students with better courses and more opportunities. To deal with this (1) complex issue, colleges and universities are turning to the Internet for quick (2)access to its rich educational resources. Now the Internet has been accepted as the (3)preferred technology to many other methods in colleges and universities. Many teachers now routinely (4)post their teaching materials online. A growing number of schools offer at least some (5)courses over the Internet. There are two different models of making use of the Internet for higher education. The first model (6)undergraduate to improve existing courses by using the Internet. This model provides high-speed Internet (7)connectivity to all students, faculty, and staff. While this model uses the Internet, it doesnt (8)require many changes, and it keeps most existing institutional structures unchanged. A different, more revolutionary model regards the Internet as (9)indispensable to an important change in higher education, for it is believed that the Internet can (10)transform teacher-centered instruction into student-centered learning. This, as a result, will bring about basic change to our university education. 3.選詞組 keep up with保持，同步，和朋友保持聯(lián)系 set up建立設(shè)立創(chuàng)立 fire off開槍，匆忙發(fā)出 take the lead樹立榜樣，帶頭 add to增加，增添 stand out顯眼，突出，出色 in large part多半，在很大程度上 visit with敘談閑談 account for占據(jù)，是的原因，解釋 at a disadvantage處于不利地位的 1. I fired off a letter of complaint to the manager of the store as soon as I found they had sold me a pair of mismatched shoes. 2. People browse the Internet, read newspapers and watch TV to keep up with what is happening in the world. 3. The university has set up another large laboratory for students to design more complicated robots. 4. I find it very difficult toaccount for the fact that two of our best students failed the exam. 5. In the current economy, with unemployment high and competition for jobs fierce, your resume needs tostand out for all the right reasons. 6. She is getting popular since she appeared in a TV interview last month. Her new movie will no doubt add to her growing fame. 7. The developed countries shouldtake the lead in reducing greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and provide support for the developing nations to follow. 8. If your spoken English is not very good, then you may be at a disadvantage when you are looking for a job. 9. Their success was due in large part to their well-conceived (周密策劃的) plan. 10. He has been so occupied with his work these days that he barely has time tovisit with his friends. 4.翻譯 TheLondonUndergroundisarapidtransit(交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng))systemintheUnitedKingdom,servingalargepartofGreaterLondon.TheundergroundsystemisalsoknownastheTube,duetothecharacteristicshapeofthesubwaytunnels.Itallstartedinthemid-1800s.TheTubewastheworldsfirstundergroundtrainsystem,withthefirstsectionopeningin1863.Sincethenit has grown to an underground masterpiece (杰作) of 12 lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail track, 45% of which is underground. It is the fourth largest metro system in the world in terms of route miles. It also has one of the largest numbers of stations. As an affordable and easy way to get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for millions of commuters each day, as well as tourists visiting the city on holidays. The Tube has been an international icon for London. The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of operation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone (里程碑). 倫敦地鐵是英國的一個(gè)快速交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)，服務(wù)于大倫敦的大部分地區(qū)。地鐵系統(tǒng)因其地鐵隧道的典型形狀也被稱為地下管道。倫敦地鐵始建于19世紀(jì)中期，是世界上最早的地下鐵路系統(tǒng)。它的第一段地鐵于1863年開始運(yùn)營。自此，倫敦地鐵不斷延伸，發(fā)展成為一個(gè)包括12條線路、275個(gè)車站、鐵軌總長超過250英里的地鐵杰作，其中有45%在地下運(yùn)行。就路線長度而言，它是世界上第四大地鐵系統(tǒng)，也是車站數(shù)量最多的地鐵系統(tǒng)之一。作為一個(gè)走遍倫敦的經(jīng)濟(jì)便捷的途徑，倫敦地鐵一向是每天數(shù)百萬通勤者以及在節(jié)假日游歷倫敦的游客的首選。倫敦地鐵已成為倫敦的一個(gè)國際標(biāo)志。2013年倫敦舉辦了各種各樣的活動(dòng)，慶祝地鐵運(yùn)營150周年，紀(jì)念這一里程碑。 中國航天業(yè)開創(chuàng)于1956年。幾十年來，中國航天事業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)又一個(gè)奇跡。1970年，中國成功發(fā)射了第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星，成為世界上第五個(gè)獨(dú)立自主研制和發(fā)射人造地球衛(wèi)星的國家。1992年，中國開始實(shí)施載人航天飛行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中國成功發(fā)射了"神舟五號"載人飛船，使中國成為第三個(gè)發(fā)射載人飛船的國家。2007年發(fā)射了"嫦娥一號"，即第一顆繞月球飛行（lunar-orbiting）的人造衛(wèi)星。2013年，第五艘載人飛船"神舟十號"發(fā)射成功，為中國空間站的建設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ)。 Chinas space industry was launched in 1956. Over the past decades, Chinas space industry has created one miracle after another. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships. In 2007 Change-1, the first lunar-orbi