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1、Ⅱ. B. Questions on Structure and Style: 1. The purpose of this essay is to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic subject, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. Logic may be an interesting subject. The writer is exaggerating for the sake of humor. The w

2、riter employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms used by the conceited narrator to the infra clipped vulgar forms of Polly Espy. He uses figurative language profusely and also grammatic i

3、nversion for special emphasis. The speed of the narration is maintained by the use of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes throughout the story. This mix adds to the realism of the story. 2. The topic sentence of paragraph 47 is : He was a torn man. The writer develops the idea express

4、ed in the topic sentence by describing vividly how hard it is for Petey Burch to choose between his girlfriend and raccoon coat. Being very observant and superbly to illustrative examples to develop the theme, the writer successfully to brings forth the scene in which Petey Burch’s desire for the ra

5、ccoon coat waxes and his resolution not to give his girlfriend wanes. The reader can easily come to the conclusion that it is hard and painful decision for him to make. 3. The narrator refers to Pygmalion and Frankenstein because just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he fashioned, the narrator

6、 loved Polly Espy, who he had fashioned according to his plan. However, when he begged Polly’s love, he was rejected. He got same result as Frankenstein, who created a monster that destroyed him. In this sense, these allusion are chosen aptly. The whole thing backfired on the narrator when Polly emp

7、loyed all the “l(fā)ogical fallacies” she had been taught to reject his offer. The end of story finds that the narrator has got what he deserves. He has been too clever for his own. 4. An example of simile My brain was as powerful as dynamo,as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpe

8、l.(comparing his brain to three different things)(para. 1) An example of metaphor There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond lamb’s frontier.(comparing the limitation set by lamb to a frontier)(author’s note) An example of hyperbole It is not often that one so young has such a

9、 giant intellect.(hyperbole for effect)(para. 2) An example of metonymy Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.(Otherwise you have committed a logical fallacy called a “Dicto Simpliciter”.)(para. 70) An example of antithesis It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl sm

10、art than to make a ugly smart girl beautiful.(“beautiful, dumb and smart” are balanced against “ugly, smart and beautiful”)(para.24) 5. Colloquialisms and used in the text: dumb, pin-up, kid, go steady, date, casual kick, well-heeled, laughs, terrific, magnificent, mad, call it a night, yummy, fir

11、e away. Darn. Slang used in the text: nothing upstairs, keen, dal, knock (oneself) out, dreamy, how cute,rat, knot head, jitterbug. 6. A freshman at a law school is made the narrator of the whole stroy. It’s from his point of view that the stroy is told. Since the whole stroy is presented as his

12、personal experiences, we the readers tend to rely on what narrator tells us. Ⅲ. Paraphrase 1. He is a nice enough young fellow, you know, but he is empty-headed. 2. A passing fashion or craze, in my opinion, shoes a complete lack of reason. 3. I ought to have known that raccoon coat would come

13、back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s, came back 4. All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don’t know? 5. My brain, which is a precision instrument, began to work at a high speed. 6. Except for one thing (intelligence) po

14、lly had all other requirements. 7. She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but i felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time. 8. In fact, she was in the opposite direction, that is, she is not intelligent but rather stupid. 9. If you are no longer involved with her (if

15、you stop dating her) others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend. 10. His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to give away polly become weaker. 11. To teac

16、h her to think appeared to be rather big task. 12. One must admit the outcome does not look very hopeful, but i decided to try one more time. 13. There is a limit to what any human being can bear. 14. I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but i turned out to be Frankenst

17、ein because polly(the result/product of my hard work) ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan. 15. Desperately i tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me. Ⅳ. Practice with words and expressions A. 1. dynamo: a machine that changes some other form of power directly into elec

18、tricity 2. flight : fleeing or running away from 3. Charleston: a lively dance in 4/4 time, characterized by a twisting step and popular during the 1920's 4. shed: cast off or lose hair 5. in the swim: conforming to the current fashions or active in the main current of affairs 6. practice: the

19、exercise of a profession of occupation 7. pin—up: (American colloquialism)designating a girl whose sexual attractiveness makes her a subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on walls 8. makings: the material or qualities needed for the making or development of something 9. carriage: manne

20、r of carrying the head and body; physical posture bearing: way of carrying oneself; manner 10. go steady: (American colloquialism)date someone of the opposite sex regularly and exclusively; be sweethearts 11. out of the picture: not considered as involved in a situation 12. deposit: (facetious

21、)put，lay or set down 13. brief: a concise statement of the main points of a law case, usually filed by counsel for the information of the court 14. 1et—up: stopping; relaxing B. 1． fashion和fad均為名詞。fashion主要指某人，尤其指文學、藝術界或社會上流人物在某一特定場合或時間內(nèi)穿衣、講話等方面的姿態(tài)或習慣。fad指由某種感情引起的一時的愛好或者一時流行的風尚。 2． incredulous

22、和incredible均為形容詞。incredulous是“不輕易相信的”、“表示懷疑的”的意思，指對某人的能力或意志力持懷疑和不相信態(tài)度。incredible是“不可相信的”意思，指某件事不平凡或不大可能存在，因而表示懷疑或不可相信。 3． passion和eagerness均為名詞。passion指一種強烈的愿望或感情，這種愿望或感情往往會產(chǎn)生一種不可抗拒的或者 必然的結(jié)果。eagerness意即“渴望”或“熱情”，但往往含有不耐煩的意味。 4． feeling和emotion均是名詞。feeling在沒有上下文限制的時候，往往指人們在主觀上反映的一種高興或不高興的感覺或感情。emot

23、ion指由于精神上或身體上受到外界某種刺激而引起的一種強烈的情感或情緒。 5． reveal和show均為動詞。reveal指公開或揭露某種秘密或隱蔽的東西，好像是揭開一種掩飾物似的。show指某種事物或者東西“展現(xiàn)”在眼前，以便能看得到和看得清。 6． tempt和incline均為動詞。tempt意為“引誘”、“誘惑”，指一種強有力的誘惑，這種誘惑能克服對某一事物的顧忌或推斷。incline意為“傾向于”、“有…的傾向”，指對某事物或行動或多或少表現(xiàn)出一種暖昧的心理傾向。 7． exasperation和disappointment均為名詞。exasperation指使某人忍無可忍或

24、者使某人失去自控力的強烈憤怒或生氣。disappointment意為“失望”、“失意”，指某人對某件事情感到?jīng)]希望或失去信心。 8． exasperation和disappointment均為名詞。exasperation指使某人忍無可忍或者使某人失去自控力的強烈憤怒或生氣。disappointment意為“失望”、“失意”，指某人對某件事情感到?jīng)]希望或失去信心。 9． amusement和merriment均為名詞。amusement意為“娛樂”、“消遣”，指一種令人愉快的精神消遣，尤其是某種幽默的事物或談笑使人感到很有樂趣。merriment意為“愉快”、“歡樂”，指充滿趣味和笑聲的某

25、種事物。 10． 1anguish和suffer均為動詞。languish指由于渴望而苦惱或遭受痛苦。suffer指由于傷害、悲痛或損失等原因而被迫遭受、蒙受痛苦或不愉快的事情。 C. 1． 這幾個詞都是形容詞，指人的智力或感覺等方面具有較高的靈敏性或靈活性。keen指在智力或感覺、視覺、聽覺等五官方面是敏銳的或敏捷的，尤指具有解決復雜或疑難問題的特殊能力。 acute意為“敏銳的”，指具有觀察到別人沒有注意到的某種意義、感情、意見、顏色、音調(diào)等的細微差別的能力，也指具有某種非常敏銳的神經(jīng)注意力，這種注意力持續(xù)的時間不長。 astute意為“敏銳的”、“精明的”、“聰明的”，指對某領域或

26、某學科有很深的造詣或者有一定的體驗的能力或洞察力。perspicacious在這些單詞中最為正式的用詞，強調(diào)具有高度的洞察力。 calculating意為“精明的”，“精于算計的”，尤指會打小算盤。 2． intelligent指具有善于從經(jīng)驗中學習或領會或?qū)π率挛镅杆僮鞒龇磻哪芰Α?clever意為“聰明的”，“伶俐的”，指善于理解、善于學習，但有時含有“不夠深入”的意思。bright和smart比較口語化，一般可代替前面幾個詞中的任何一個。 brilliant意為“英明的”，指具有非凡的智力或理解力。 D. 1. The fallacy of unqualified general

27、ization or "a Dicto Simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid". 2. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization. 3. The fallacy of "post hoe, ergo propter hoc". 4. The fallacy of Hypothesis Contrary to Fact. 5. The fallacy of "post hoc, ergo propter hoe". 6. The fallacy of Ad Misericordiam. 7. The fallacy of unqualified generalization or "a Dicto Simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid". 8. The fallacy of Hasty Generalization.