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第一單元 1、 英譯漢 Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist. 亞里士多德是古希臘的哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家。 His writings cover many subjects, including physics, biology, zoology, logic, ethics, poetry, theater, music, linguistics, politics and government, and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. 他的作品涵蓋了許多學(xué)科，包括物理學(xué)、生物學(xué)、動物學(xué)、邏輯學(xué)、倫理學(xué)、詩歌、戲劇、音樂、語言學(xué)、政治和政府，構(gòu)成了第一個綜合的西方哲學(xué)體系。 Aristotle was the first to classify areas of human knowledge into distinct disciplines such as mathematics, biology, and ethics. 亞里士多德是第一個將人類的知識領(lǐng)域劃分為不同學(xué)科的人，如數(shù)學(xué)，生物學(xué)和倫理學(xué)。 He believed all peoples concepts and all their knowledge were ultimately based on perception. 他相信人所有的觀念和所有的知識在根本上都是基于感知能力。 His views on natural sciences laid the groundwork for many of his works. 他對自然科學(xué)的看法構(gòu)成了他許多作品的基礎(chǔ)。 He contributed to almost every field of human knowledge in his era. 他幾乎對他所處時期的每一個人類知識領(lǐng)域都作出了貢獻(xiàn)。 His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, and even today all aspects of Aristotles philosophy continue to be the important subject of academic study. His philosophy had a long-lasting influence on the development of all Western philosophical theories. 他的作品包含了人們所知的最早的關(guān)于邏輯的正式研究，即使在今天，亞里士多德哲學(xué)所涵蓋的方方面面仍是學(xué)術(shù)研究的重要課題。 More than 2,300 years after his death, Aristotle remains one of the most influential philosophers and scientists. 他的哲學(xué)對所有的西方哲學(xué)理論的發(fā)展有著經(jīng)久不衰的影響。在去世2,300多年后，亞里士多德仍是最有影響力的哲學(xué)家和科學(xué)家之一。 二、漢譯英 中庸思想（Doctrine of the Mean）是儒家思想的核心內(nèi)容。孔子所謂的"中"不是指"折中"，而是指在認(rèn)識和處理客觀事物時的一種"適度"和"恰如其分"的方法?？鬃又鲝埐粌H要把這種思想作為一種認(rèn)識和處理事物的方法來看待，而且還應(yīng)該通過自身修養(yǎng)和鍛煉，把它融入自己的日常行為當(dāng)中，使之成為一種美德。中庸思想是儒家思想的核心，也是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。從它形成到現(xiàn)在，一直為民族精神的構(gòu)建、民族智慧的傳播、民族文化的發(fā)展發(fā)揮著不可估量的作用。 The Doctrine of the Mean is the core of Confucianism. The so-called "mean" by Confucius doesnt mean "compromise" but a "moderate" and "just-right" way when understanding and handling objective things. Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as a way to understand and deal with things but also be integrated into ones daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training. The Doctrine of the Mean is not only the core of Confucianism but also an important component of traditional Chinese culture. From the time it came into being to the present, it has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit, the transmission of national wisdom, and the development of national culture. 第二單元 2、 英譯漢 William Shakespeare is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the worlds pre-eminent (杰出的) dramatist. His plays have been translated into a vast number of languages and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeares early works were mostly comedies and histories, which have the reputation of being among the finest masterpieces produced in these genres (體裁) even today. Later on, Shakespeare wrote mainly tragedies, some of which, like Hamlet and King Lear, earned him fame in the entire Western literature. The most striking features of Shakespeare are his brilliant use of language and his universal themes. He contributed thousands of words to English, many of which have become embedded in the language. His themes are so universal that they transcend generations to stir the imaginations of readers and audiences worldwide. Shakespeare has influenced and inspired many writers over the centuries. His writings remain highly popular today, and they are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultures throughout the world. Shakespeare will continue to have an enormous impact on future playwrights, novelists, poets, actors, and scholars. 人們普遍認(rèn)為，威廉?莎士比亞是最偉大的英語作家和世界杰出的戲劇家。他的劇本被譯成多種語言，并且比其他任何劇作家的作品都上演得多。莎士比亞的早期作品大多是喜劇和歷史劇。即使在今天，這些作品仍是同類作品中的杰作，享有絕佳聲望。后來莎士比亞的創(chuàng)作主要是悲劇，其中一些作品，如《哈姆雷特》和《李爾王》，為其在整個西方文學(xué)界贏得了聲譽(yù)。莎士比亞最顯著的特點(diǎn)是其精彩的語言運(yùn)用及具有普遍意義的主題。他創(chuàng)造了數(shù)千個英語詞匯，其中許多已經(jīng)深植于英語中。他的作品主題具有普遍意義，所以能夠數(shù)代流傳，激發(fā)世界各地讀者和觀眾的想象力。數(shù)世紀(jì)以來，莎士比亞影響和激勵了許多作家。其作品至今依舊廣受歡迎，在世界各地的文化中被不斷地研究、上演和詮釋。莎士比亞將繼續(xù)對未來的劇作家、小說家、詩人、演員和學(xué)者產(chǎn)生巨大影響。 二、漢譯英 中國的四大名著是指《三國演義》（Romance of the Three Kingdoms）、《水滸傳》（Outlaws of the Marsh）、《西游記》（Journey to the West）和《紅樓夢》（A Dream of Red Mansions）四部著名小說。它們的創(chuàng)作時間均處于元末明初至清代期間，其內(nèi)容反映了中國古代的政治和軍事斗爭、社會矛盾、文化信仰等各個方面。四大名著具有很高的藝術(shù)水平，代表了中國古典小說的高峰。書中的許多人物和場景在中國家喻戶曉，并且已經(jīng)深深地影響了整個民族的思想觀念和價值取向。四本著作在中國古代民俗、封建制度、社會生活等多個領(lǐng)域皆有巨大的研究價值，是中國乃至全人類的寶貴文化遺產(chǎn)。 The four great classic Chinese novels are Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions. All the four novels were written during the period from the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties to the Qing Dynasty. They all reflect various aspects of ancient China, including political and military strife, social conflicts and cultural beliefs. The four novels are of supreme artistic standards, representing the peak of Chinas classic novels. Lots of the characters and scenes in the books are well-known in China and have exerted profound influences on the ideology and values of the entire nation. Highly valuable for the research of Chinas ancient customs, feudal system, and social life, the four classic novels are precious cultural relics of China as well as the human society as a whole. 第三單元 1、 英譯漢 With the development of computer science and the Internet technology, social networking services (SNS) have come to be a widely popular platform to build social networks or social relations among people in recent years. SNS are web-based services that allow individuals to create a public profile, create a list of users with whom to share connection, and view and cross the connections within the system. Social networking sites are varied and they incorporate new information and communication tools, allowing users to share ideas, pictures, posts, activities, events, interests with people in their network. SNS have affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. With its availability on many mobile devices, a social networking service allows the users to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. A social networking service can also unite people with common interests and beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of its network. 近年來，隨著計算機(jī)科學(xué)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)（SNS）已經(jīng)成為人們構(gòu)建社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和社會關(guān)系的一個廣受歡迎的平臺。SNS是基于網(wǎng)頁的服務(wù)，允許個人創(chuàng)建面向公眾的個人簡介，創(chuàng)建用戶名單以分享社會聯(lián)系，并對系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的關(guān)系網(wǎng)進(jìn)行瀏覽和交叉連接。社交網(wǎng)站多種多樣，可整合各種新的信息及通訊工具，并允許用戶跟網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的其他人分享觀點(diǎn)、圖片、帖子、活動、事件以及興趣愛好等。 SNS已通過各種方式影響到人們的社會生活以及社交活動。隨著各種移動設(shè)備對SNS訪問的實(shí)現(xiàn)，只要能連接上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，用戶在世界上的任何地方都能一直與朋友、親戚及其他認(rèn)識的人保持聯(lián)絡(luò)。 SNS還可讓擁有相同興趣和信念的人通過群組或其他頁面建立聯(lián)系，同時，由于其網(wǎng)絡(luò)分布廣闊，還能讓失散的家庭成員或朋友重新團(tuán)聚，這點(diǎn)早已為人所知。 2、 漢譯英 近年來，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為一個熱門話題。以蓬勃發(fā)展的電子商務(wù)為代表的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)已成為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要引擎。我國政府高度重視發(fā)展互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，提出了“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”的概念，以推動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與醫(yī)療、交通、教育、金融、公共服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域的結(jié)合。這將為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展提供極大的發(fā)展?jié)摿透鼜V闊的發(fā)展空間。隨著“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”戰(zhàn)略的深入實(shí)施，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)必將與更多傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)進(jìn)一步融合，助力打造“中國經(jīng)濟(jì)升級版”。 In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet technology, the Internet economy has become a hot issue. As represented by the promising E-commerce, the Internet economy has become a strong driving force for the economic development. Our government attaches great importance to developing the Internet economy and proposes the concept of "Internet Plus", aiming to integrate Internet with other industries, such as health care, transportation, education, finance, and public service. This will create great potential and broad prospects for the development of the Internet economy. With the implementation of the "Internet Plus" strategy, the Internet is certain to be integrated with more traditional industries and help build "the upgraded version of the Chinese economy". 第三單元 1、 英譯漢 Baroque architecture is a building style that flourished in Europe between the late 16th and mid-18th century. It evolved out of Renaissance architecture in Italy, when the Renaissance architects began to get bored of the symmetry (對稱) and same old forms they had been using for the past 200 years, and started to make bold, curving and not at all symmetrical buildings called the Baroque buildings. Baroque-style buildings share some common characteristics. Marble, gilt (鍍金) and bronze were the materials the Baroque architects used in abundance. Oval was the most distinct and a very common shape incorporated into Baroque architecture. Dramatic use of light is important, and is achieved either through strong light-and-shade contrasts or uniform lighting by means of windows. Opulent use of color and ornaments is prevalent, as can be seen in the large-scale frescoes (濕壁畫) painted on the ceilings. There is usually a central projection that is quite large and juts outward, and domes erected in a pear shape are often seen. The most well-known Baroque buildings include the St. Pauls Cathedral in the UK and the Palace of Versailles in France. Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini were the two main architects of the Baroque era. 巴洛克建筑是一種建筑風(fēng)格，興盛于16世紀(jì)晚期至18世紀(jì)中期的歐洲。它由意大利文藝復(fù)興時期的建筑發(fā)展而來，當(dāng)時文藝復(fù)興建筑師開始對過去200多年來一直沿用的對稱的、一成不變的舊建筑形式感到厭倦，開始建造醒目的、具有曲線性而非對稱的巴洛克建筑。巴洛克風(fēng)格的建筑有一些共同特征。大理石、鍍金、青銅是巴洛克建筑師大量使用的材料。橢圓形是巴洛克建筑最鮮明且十分常見的形狀。戲劇性的光照運(yùn)用也是其重要特征，主要是通過強(qiáng)烈的光影對比或由窗戶進(jìn)入的均勻光線來實(shí)現(xiàn)。豐富的色彩和裝飾運(yùn)用也很常見，這從天花板上的大幅壁畫中可以看出。巴洛克建筑通常正中還有一個相當(dāng)大并且向外突出的部分，梨形的拱頂也十分常見。最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英國的圣保羅大教堂和法國的凡爾賽宮。杰安?勞倫佐?貝尼尼和弗朗西斯科?博羅米尼是巴洛克時期兩位主要的建筑師。 二、漢譯英 蘇州園林是中國古典園林最杰出的代表，大部分為私家所有。蘇州園林始于春秋，興于宋元，盛于明清。清末蘇州已有各色園林170余處，為其贏得了"園林之城"的稱號?，F(xiàn)保存完好的園林有60多處，對外開放的有十余處。其中滄浪亭、獅子林、拙政園和留園分別代表著宋、元、明、清四個朝代的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，被稱為"蘇州四大名園"。蘇州園林宅園合一，可賞，可游，可居，其建筑規(guī)制反映了中國古代江南民間的生活方式和禮儀習(xí)俗。蘇州園林不僅是歷史文化的產(chǎn)物，同時也是中國傳統(tǒng)思想文化的載體。1997年，蘇州園林被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入"世界遺產(chǎn)名錄"。 Suzhou gardens are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens. Most of them were privately-owned. The gardens first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. By the late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as many as over 170 gardens of diverse styles, winning it the name "The City of Gardens". Now, over 60 gardens are kept in good condition, of which more than 10 are open to the public. The Surging Wave Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrators Garden and the Lingering Garden are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou, representing the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respectively. Suzhou gardens are assemblies of residences and gardens, which makes them suitable places for living, visiting and appreciating. The architectural principles of the gardens are a demonstration of the lifestyles and social customs of the ancient Chinese people in the south of the Lower Yangtze River. Suzhou gardens are not only a product of Chinese history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture. In 1997, Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. 第五單元 一、英譯漢 The Renaissance was an influential cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation at the dawn of modern European history. It began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe, immediately following the Middle Ages and spanning roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of interest in classical learning, wisdom and values from the Ancient Greek and Roman eras. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study and searched for realism and human emotion in art. Scientists no longer accepted the teachings of the Church at face value. Instead, they studied the natural world through their own observation and experimentation. Likewise, artists developed new techniques and achieved more advanced effects by applying mathematics and optics (光學(xué)) to paintings, sculpture and other art forms. The Renaissance profoundly changed the European intellectual life in the early modern period. Through the rediscovery of ancient texts, it triggered both a rebirth of classical learning and a rebirth of European culture in general. Its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, and many other fields. 文藝復(fù)興是一場影響巨大的文化運(yùn)動。它在現(xiàn)代歐洲史的開端時期開創(chuàng)了一個科學(xué)革命和藝術(shù)變革時代。它始于意大利，之后蔓延到歐洲其他國家。它緊接在中世紀(jì)之后，貫穿14至17世紀(jì)。文藝復(fù)興時期的特點(diǎn)是，人們對古希臘和古羅馬時期的古典知識、智慧和價值觀重新煥發(fā)了興趣。文藝復(fù)興時期的學(xué)者在學(xué)術(shù)中采用人文方法，在藝術(shù)上追尋現(xiàn)實(shí)主義和人類情感?？茖W(xué)家們不再一味地接受教堂傳播的說教。相反，他們通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來研究自然世界。同樣，藝術(shù)家們將數(shù)學(xué)和光學(xué)運(yùn)用到繪畫、雕塑及其他藝術(shù)形式中，從而發(fā)展出新技術(shù)，并取得了更高水平的藝術(shù)效果。文藝復(fù)興深刻地改變了現(xiàn)代早期的歐洲知識界。它通過對古代文獻(xiàn)的重新發(fā)現(xiàn)，觸發(fā)了古典知識和整個歐洲文化的重生。文學(xué)、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、政治、科學(xué)及其他許多領(lǐng)域都能感受到它的影響 2、 漢譯英 中華文明曾對世界文明產(chǎn)生過重大影響。近年來，隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和國際地位的提升，歷史悠久的中國文化正引起世界新的關(guān)注。越來越多的中國元素為當(dāng)今世界時尚、文學(xué)、影視作品等提供了創(chuàng)作靈感，成為熱門題材。這一現(xiàn)象表明，世界需要中國文化。在這種背景下，我國決定實(shí)施文化"走出去"的戰(zhàn)略，以加強(qiáng)中國與世界其他各國的文化交流。經(jīng)過數(shù)年的努力，這項工程已經(jīng)取得了很大成績。文化"走出去"大力推動了我國文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，正成為提升我國國家形象和綜合實(shí)力的有效途徑。 Chinese civilization once had a significant influence on world civilization. With the development of our countrys economy and the rise of her international status in recent years, Chinese culture, which has a long history, is once again attracting global attention. More and more Chinese cultural elements provide inspiration for and become popular subjects of fashions, literature and movies around the world. This shows that the world needs Chinese culture. It was in this context that China decided to implement the "Culture Exporting" strategy so as to enhance her cultural exchanges with the rest of the world. After several years efforts, great achievements have been made in this respect. "Culture Exporting" has greatly promoted the development of our cultural industries. It is becoming an effective approach through which China enhances her national image and comprehensive strength.