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UNIT 3 Life stories ___________________ PART l UNDERSTANDING AND LEARNING Overview________________________________________ Movies play an important role in almost everyone’s life. People from the movie industry have considerable influence on the masses. They exhibit personality traits that deserve admiration and applause, and could be looked up to as role models. This unit will fully explore their best qualities. The two texts in the current unit are biographies, a genre of literature, which is a written account of another person’s life. Each of the texts narrates, analyzes and interprets the most important facts of one prominent figure in the movie domain. Text A pays attention to actress Audrey Hepburn’s noble endeavor and her contribution to the cause of UNICEF, while Text B portrays the determination and fervent spirit of director and producer Steven Spielberg. The teacher can make students do additional research at the library, or Audrey Hepburn and Steven Spielberg in advance. Then in the classroom, the teacher may organize a variety of activities including pair work, group discussion, and mini-survey to talk about the films or the issue of fame, fortune, and social responsibility. Section A_________________________________________________ Audrey Hepburn-A true angel in this world Background information 1 Audrey Hepburn Audrey Hepburn (1929-1993) was a slender, stylish motion picture actress known for her radiant beauty, her ability to project an air of sophistication tempered by a charming innocence, and her tireless efforts to aid needy children. Although born in Belgium, Hepburn had British citizenship through her father and attended school in England as a child. In 1939, however, at the onset of World War II, her mother(Hepburn’s father left the family when she was six years old) moved the child to the Netherlands (where the author of this text mistakenly considered Hepburn was born), thinking the neutral country safer than England. Throughout World War II, Hepburn endured hardships in Nazi-occupied Holland. She still managed, however, to attend school and take ballet lessons. After the war, she continued to study ballet in Amsterdam and in London. During her early 20s, she studied acting and worked as a model and dancer. After appearing in several British films and starring in the 1951 Broadway play Gigi (《琪琪》), Hepburn gained instant Hollywood stardom for playing the Academy Award-winning lead role in Roman Holiday. She remains one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards. Hepburn’s war-time struggles inspired her passion for humanitarian work. She devoted much of her later life to UNICEF, visiting famine-stricken villages, in Latin America, Africa, until shortly before her death of cancer in 1993. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of her work as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 1992. 2 UNICEF UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) was created by the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1946, to provide emergency food and healthcare to children in countries that had been devastated by World War II. After 1950 the fund directed its efforts toward general programs for the improvement of children’s welfare, particularly in less-developed countries and in various emergency situations. The organization’s broader mission was reflected in the name it adopted in 1953, the United Nations Children’s Fund, but it has continued to be known by the popular acronym based on this old name. Headquartered in New York City, UNICEF provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries. UNICEF’s programs emphasize developing community-level services to promote the health and well-being of children. 3 UNICEF Ambassador of Goodwill Many celebrities have acted as international, regional or national ambassadors, depending on their profile, interests, and desired level of responsibility. The role of Goodwill Ambassador allows celebrities with a demonstrated interest in UNICEF issues to use their fame to draw attention to important issues. This may take the form of public appearances and talks, visits to troubled regions, and use of their political access to advocate UNICEF causes, all of which have the power to draw attention from the media and to create public awareness. 4 Gregory Peck Gregory Peck (1916-2003) was one of the world’s most popular film stars from the 1940s to the 1960s. He is best known for his performance in the 1962 film To Kill a Mockingbird, which earned him the Academy Award for Best Actor. In 1967 Peck received the Academy’s Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. He was also in 1969 for his lifetime humanitarian effort. Always politically progressive, Peck was active in such causes as anti-war protests, workers’ rights and civil rights. 5 Billy Wilder Billy Wilder (1906-2002) was an Austrian-born American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer artist, and journalist. His career spanned more than 50 years and 60 films. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of Hollywood’s golden age. During his career, Wilder gained 20 Academy Award nominations and won six Oscars. He received a lifetime achievement award from the American Film Institute in 1986. 6 Academy Awards An Academy Award (byname Oscar) is an award presented annually by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry, including directors , actors , and writers. The award ceremony is one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world, and is televised live in more than 200 countries annually. 7 Hubert de Givenchy Hubert de Givenchy (1927-,) is a French aristocrat and fashion designer who founder The House of Givenchy in 1952. He is famous for having designed much of the personal and professional wardrobe of Audrey Hepburn, as well as clothing for clients such as Jacqueline Kennedy. He was named to the International Best Dress List Hall of Fame in 1970. Detailed study of the text 1 Audrey Hepburn thrilled audiences with starring roles in noteworthy films... (Para.1) Meaning: Audrey Hepburn played leading roles in many extraordinary films, and such poles gave great pleasure to the people who watched the films… ★noteworthy: a. important or interesting enough to deserve your attention 值得注意的；顯著的 One of the most noteworthy trends in contemporary American higher education is the tendency among community colleges to offer certificate programs besides the traditional associate degrees.當代美國高等教育最顯著的趨勢之一就是社區(qū)大學除了授予傳統(tǒng)的副學士學位，還開設學歷課程。 2 Despite her success in the film domain, the roles she most preferred portraying were not in movies. (Para. 2) Meaning: Although Audrey Hepburn was a successful actress, the role she most preferred playing was not being an actress. ★domain: n.[C] (fml.) an area of activity, interest, or knowledge, esp. one that a particular person, organization, etc. deals with (活動、興趣或知識的)領域，范圍，范疇 Recent research in the clinical domain has benefited from the incorporation of multiple methods of measurement.臨床領域近期的研究得益于多種測量方法 結合使用。 ★portray: vt. 1) act the pare of a character in a play, film, or television program 扮演（角色） It was said that Portman studied dance to better portray her character. 聽說波特曼學習舞蹈是為了更好的扮演她的角色。 2) （~ sb. / sth. as sth.）describe or show sb. or sth. in a particular way, according to your opinion of them把某人/某物描寫成某種樣子 Lawyers tend to portray their clients as misguided underprivileged youths.律師往往將自己的當事人描述成受人誤導的貧困青年。 3 She was an exemplary mother to her two sons and a UNCEF (the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) Ambassador of Goodwill serving victims in war-torn countries. (Para.2) Meaning: She was an excellent mother to her two sons and also a UNICEF Ambassador of Goodwill providing services to people who were suffering from the destructions of war in their countries. ★exemplary: a. excellent and providing a good example for people to follow 模范的；可作楷模的 Mary had proven to be an exemplary educator to her students and a trusted and cherished friend to her colleagues. 瑪麗對學生而言是一位模范教師，對同事而言是一位值得信任和珍惜的朋友。 ★ambassador: n. [C] an important official who represents his or her government in a foreign country 大使 He was President Clinton’s energy secretary and ambassador to the United Nations.他擔任過克林頓總統(tǒng)的能源部長和駐聯(lián)合國大使。 4 ....Audrey Hepburn was aware of the brutality, death, and destruction of war. (Para.3) Meaning: …Audrey Hepburn knew clearly that war is cruel, violent treatment 野蠻行為；野蠻事件 The ruler’s brutality forced unarmed citizens to defend themselves. 統(tǒng)治者的野蠻行徑迫使手無寸鐵的市民進行自衛(wèi)。 5 She was hungry and malnourished, as her family was bankrupted as a result of the invasion. (Para.3) Meaning: Because of the Nazi invasion, her family became so poor heat she did not have enough food to eat and became ill as a result. 6 Audrey’s father abandoned the family, and two of her uncles were taken captive and killed. (Para.3) Meaning: Audrey’s father ran away and deserted the family, and two of her uncles were arrested and then killed. ★ captive: a. kept in prison or in a place that you ate not allowed to leave 被關押的；遭監(jiān)禁的 A teenage boy called 911, claiming to be held captive in a house. 一個十幾歲的男孩撥打了911，聲稱自己被囚禁在一座房子里。 ★ take / hold sb. captive: take or keep sb. as a prisoner 關押某人；囚禁某人 The guerrillas shot down one airplane and took the pilot captive. 游擊隊擊落了一架飛機，并關押了該飛行員。 7 Audrey was grabbed off the street by Nazis and placed in line to be sent to a work camp. (Para.3) Meaning: Nazis arrested Audrey on the street, and placed her together with other people to be sent to a work camp. 8 When the guards glanced away she darted away she darted off, barely escaping, and huddled in a cold, foul basement full of rats. (Para.3) Meaning: When the guards took their eyes off her, she quickly ran away and escaped. Then she hid in a cold dirty basement full of rats. ★ dart: vi. move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction 猛沖；突進 A deer suddenly darted out into the street from inside the forest. 一只鹿突然從森林里沖出來，跑到街上來了。 ★ huddle: v. lie or sit with your arms and legs close to your body because you feel ill, cold or upset (因生病、寒冷或煩惱)蜷縮著身體 The cat came inside from the rain and huddled behind the heater to warm up again.貓從雨中進到屋里，蜷縮在暖爐后面，好把身子暖和過來。 ★ foul: a. very dirty, or smelling or tasting unpleasant 骯臟的；難聞的；難吃的 The odor of smoke couldn’t hide the foul smell of the dirty room. 煙的氣味也無法蓋住這個臟房間難聞的味道。 9 The little girl who would become the world’s most magical actress began as an anonymous refugee confronting life’s horrors and fragility firsthand, (Para. 4) Meaning: Though now the most attractive movie star, at the very beginning, she was just an unknown person being forced to leave her country and directly face the terrible reality and an unstable life. ★anonymous: a. unknown by name 無名的；不署名的 We are also grateful for the generous gifts of three anonymous donors.我們也感謝三位匿名捐贈者慷慨的禮物。 ★refugee: n. [C] sb. who has been forced to leave their country, esp. during a war, or for political or religious reasons 難民；避難者 A UN refugee agency spokesman says as many as 100,000 people have already fled the country, and more are likely to follow.一位聯(lián)合國難民署發(fā)言人說已有多達10萬人逃離了那個國家，后面可能還有更多的人要跟隨其后。 ★fragile: a. easily broken or damaged 脆弱的；一歲的；易損壞的 This great recession clearly demonstrates how fragile the markets are.這次經(jīng)濟大蕭條清楚地表明市場是多么脆弱。 ★fragility: n. [U]脆弱 Events like the senseless Colorado movie theater shooting remind us of the fragility of life and the value of every single day.科羅拉多電影院開槍濫殺這類事件提醒我們生命是脆弱的，每一天都是寶貴的。 10 But she refused to allow her spirit to be afflicted by the desperate reality of her young life.(Para.4) Meaning: Hopeless as her young life was, she was unwilling to let the reality have a negative influence on her spirit. ★afflict: vt. (fml.) (often passive) affect sb. Or sth. in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer 使受痛苦；折磨 Afflicted by an unexplained illness, be missed school for the next two weeks.由于遭受不明疾病的折磨，他接下來兩周都沒上課。 11 Instead, she transcended those challenges but never forgot what it felt to suffer, to be hungry, alone and helpless.(Para. 4) Meaning: Instead of being influenced by the hopeless reality of her young life, she overcame obstacles and was always aware of the feeling of suffering, hunger, loneliness, and desperation. 12 After the war, Audrey and her mother left Holland, arriving in London as poor immigrants.(Para.5) Meaning: When the war was over, Audrey and her mother left Holland, moved to London with little money, and lived there. ★immigrant: n. [C] sb. who enters another country to live there permanently (外來)移民 A Chinese immigrant in New York works as a janitor and has a daughter at Harvard, a son at Yale, and another son at MIT.一位在紐約的華裔移民是個看門人，有個女兒上哈佛，一個兒子上耶魯，還有一個兒子在麻省理工。 13 Her dream of becoming prime dancer drove her into a rigorous schedule at a famous ballet school.(Para.5) Meaning: To realize her dream of becoming a leading dancer, she went to a famous ballet school to get a strict training. ★rigorous: a. 1)very sever or strict 嚴酷的；嚴厲的 To get a doctoral degree, you are required to have rigorous training in research and specialized knowledge in your subject areas.要想獲得博士學位，你得在研究方面進行嚴苛的訓練，還得有課題方面的專業(yè)知識。 2）careful, through, and exact 嚴格的；縝密的；精確的 Many people believed in her healing powers, however, she could offer no rigorous scientific evidence that her treatment actually saves lives. 許多人都相信她的治病能力茫然而，她提供不了嚴格的科學證據(jù)表明她的治療確實能夠救人。 14 Later, she was spotted by a producer and eventually landed a role in the film Roman Holiday starring Gregory Peck, one of Hollywood’s top leading men.(Para.5) Meaning: Later, a film producer noticed her, and she finally got a chance to play a role in the film Roman Holiday together with the great Hollywood actor, Gregory Peck. Note land: vt. Get sth. that you wanted, esp. a job or opportunity 得到，獲得（自己想要的某物，尤指工作或機會） In his final year of college, he successfully landed a job on Wall Street with his unusual efforts.在大學最后一年，他異常的努力，終于在華爾街找到一份工作。 15 Soon, Audrey was transformed from a malnourished immigrant to an internationally famous movie star. (Para. 6) Meaning: Soon, Audrey grew from an immigrant who was physically weak because of not having enough food to eat to a world-known actress. 16 Director Billy Wilder complimented her,… (Para. 6) ★compliment: vt. Say sth. nice to sb. In order to praise them 贊美；稱贊 The manager compliments people as often as he can. It takes no time at all, but it makes a bog difference. 那位經(jīng)理盡可能多地稱贊別人。這花不了什么時間，但是效果卻很好。 n.[C] a remark that shows you admire sb. or sth. 贊美的話；夸獎；稱贊 She stared almost every conversation with a compliment. 她幾乎每次和人交談都是從夸獎開始。 17 Audrey felt that her most significant work was humanitarian work with those in need, and as the mother to her two sons.(Para.6) Meaning: …Audrey thought her most important work was to serve people in need and to be the mother of her two sons. ★humanitarian: a. (only before noun) concerned with improving bad living conditions and preventing unfair treatment of people 博愛的；人道主義的 The hospital knew they couldn’t charge the patients any money, but for humanitarian reasons they provided their services. 這家醫(yī)院知道他們不能收取這些病人任何費用，但是出于人道主義原因，還是提供了服務。 18 She suffered through two divorces and from her memories of the war.(Para. 6) ★divorce: n. [C,U] the legal ending of a marriage 離婚 For her, it was huge risk and an act of courage to get a divorce. 對她而言，離婚有巨大的風險，是需要勇氣的行為。 v. if sb. divorces their husband or wife, or if two people divorce, they legally end their marriage (與…)離婚 Why should two good people like her parents be forced to divorce each other?像她父母那樣的兩個好人。為什么還會被迫離婚呢？ 19 Yet, Audrey never let her sadness overcome her or jeopardize her hope for a brighter future.(Para.6) Meaning: Yet, Audrey never allowed her sad feelings to conquer her or to spoil her hope for a better future. Jeopardize: vt. (BrE jeopardise) risk losing or spoiling sth. important 危及；危害；損害 She held her tongue, realizing that anger could only jeopardize their relationship.她意識到生氣只會損害他們的關系，于是保持沉默。 20 Friends said Audrey had a complete lack of ego and accepted and appreciated others as they were.(Para.7) Meaning: Friends said Audrey didn’t have any sense of self-importance and she accepted and appreciated whatever others were like. Sentence structure NOTE “as they are” (as 此處用作連接詞)是一個固定結構，通常用在句尾，表示“照現(xiàn)在的情形；照現(xiàn)在的樣子”，如果是單數(shù)事物則需用“as it is”。例如： The wise person accepts things as they are.智者對一切事物隨遇而安，處之泰 然。 I learned long ago to face life as it is,not as I wish it to be.我早就學會了要直視現(xiàn)實生活，而不是只想去過我所希望的生活。 21 For Audrey it was a paradise where she could hide from the world with her beloved family, work in her garden and take long walks in nature. (Para. 8) Meaning: Home in Switzerland was a wonderful place to Audrey, where she could escape from the world to spend time together with her dear family, work in her garden and take long walks in nature. Paradise: n. [C,U]a perfect place or situation 樂土；完美的境界；天堂 If it is perfect for the adults, it is paradise for the kids.如果對成人而言這是完美，對孩子而言這就是天堂。 22 In 1988, Audrey was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF designed to provide emergency food and healthcare to children suffering the destruction of war or other catastrophes.(Para. 9) Meaning: In 1988 Audrey was selected as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF, which was established to help children suffering from war or other disasters by providing them with food and healthcare. 23 In that role, her lifelong passion for helping those in need, found its greatest calling.(Para. 9) Meaning: In that role, she found a perfect way to express her lifelong passion for helping those in need. Note calling: n. a strong desire or feeling of duty to do a particular kind of work, esp. work that helps other people(從事某種工作，尤其指幫助他人的)強烈沖動；使命感；天職 Some think teaching is a profession; but for me, it is a calling.有些人認為教書是一個職業(yè)，但對我來說，這是一個使命。 24 She turned down three million dollars to pen her autobiography and instead accepted one dollar a year in the more conscientious role as diplomat for UNICEF.(Para. 10) Meaning: She did not accept an offer of three million dollars to write the story of her life, but accepted the demanding role as a UNICEF ambassador for one dollar a year. Turn sb. /sth. down: refuse an offer, request, or invitation 拒絕（建議、要求或邀請） We politely turned down the invitation.我們有禮貌的拒絕了邀請。 conscientious: a. careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do 勉勵認真的，細心負責的 She was not only a successful doctor but also a fine mother and a conscientious daughter-in-law.她不僅是一位成功的醫(yī)生，還是一位杰出的母親、盡責的兒媳。 diplomat: n. [C] sb. who officially represents their government in a foreign country 外交官；外交家 This task takes the strategic skills of a general and the tact of a diplomat.執(zhí)行這項任務需要有將軍的韜略和外交官的機敏。 25 For seven months out of each her last five years, she and Robby left the peace and beauty in their cozy home to embark on outreach trips into some of the most difficult places on earth.(Para. 10) Meaning : During the last five years of her life, she and Robby left their peaceful and beautiful home and spent seven years each year traveling to some of the most difficult places to provide help. cozy : a. (BrE cozy) warm and comfortable, and making you feel relaxed 溫暖舒適的；溫馨的 The sitting rooms are neat and cozy, while the dining room is elegant and simple. 客廳整潔溫馨，餐廳簡單優(yōu)雅。 embark: v. go onto a ship or a plane, or put or take sth. onto a ship or plane(使)上船/飛機；（使）裝船/飛機 The young couple will embark for Dalian next week. 這對年輕夫婦下周乘船去大連。 embark on/upon sth. : start sth.,esp. sth. new, difficult, or exciting 開始，著手（尤指新的、有難度的或令人激動的事） I have seen how she gathers courage to embark on a lo