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1、非選擇題專練卷二 (共2頁(yè)，滿分35分) Ⅰ.任務(wù)型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分) 請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。 注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。 (2020·江蘇名校聯(lián)考) The Bystander Effect The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distre

2、ss. When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action (or inaction)． The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in intr

3、oductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine Kitty Genovese. On Friday, March 13, 1964, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Desp

4、ite Genovese’s repeated calls for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident. The attack first began at 3：20 AM, but it was not until 3：50 AM that someone first contacted police. While Genovese’s case has been subje

5、ct to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies, there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years. The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society, but why exactly does it happen? Why don’t we help when we are part of a crowd? Th

6、ere are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared amon

7、g all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to inter

8、vene if the situation is ambiguous. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a “l(fā)over’s quarrel”， and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered. Characteristics of the situation can play a role. During a cri

9、sis, things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear. Onlookers might wonder exactly what is happening. During such chaotic moments, people often look to others in the group to determine what is appropriate. When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting, i

10、t sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed. So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction? Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle. When faced with a situation that requires action, understanding how

11、the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help. However, this does not mean you should place yourself in danger. But what if you are the person in need of assistance? How can you inspire people to lend a hand? One often-recommended tactic is to s

12、ingle out one person from the crowd. Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help. By personalizing and individualizing your request, it becomes much harder for people to turn you down. The Bystander Effect Passage outline Supporting details Concept of the bystander effect ●T

13、he bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual from becoming (1)________ in an emergency situation. ●It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence (2)________ behavior. Typical example In 1964, a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her lif

14、e was (3)________ outside her apartment, while bystanders who observed the crime did not step in to assist or call the police. (4)______ for the bystander effect ●Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of (5)________ in front of a large group of people. ●Before deciding to off

15、er help, observers may want to make (6)________ that it is appropriate to react. Besides, there is a natural (7)________ for people to follow the crowd before the situation is clear. (8)______ of the bystander effect ●You should realize or know the (9)________ of the bystander effect and take me

16、asures to get rid of it. ●When in need of help, you should (10)________ one from the crowd, which will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ Ⅱ.書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿分25

17、分) (2020·揚(yáng)州中學(xué)質(zhì)檢)請(qǐng)閱讀下面短文，并按照要求用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的文章。 A set of textbooks designed to help high school students learn about traditional Chinese culture is to be published soon, Beijing Times reported on Monday. The books are the first national-level works of their kind and have been developed by a working

18、 group that promotes traditional culture. They will be used by students from autumn this year, the report said. The set contains four classics from ancient times. Two of the works, Confucian Analects and Mencius, are for 10th-grade students, while the other two, Great Learning and Dao De Jing, will

19、 be used by 11th graders. The initiative follows a series of steps the authorities have taken in recent years to spread and promote traditional Chinese culture on campus. Last April, the Ministry of Education released a series of guidelines requiring the inclusion of more information about traditi

20、onal culture in primary and middle school textbooks, especially those used for subjects such as Chinese language, history, art and physical education. The guidelines said students’ knowledge of traditional culture will be tested in the senior high school entrance examination and the gaokao, the col

21、lege entrance examination. [寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容] 1．用約30個(gè)單詞寫(xiě)出上文概要； 2．用約120個(gè)單詞就“高中生學(xué)國(guó)學(xué)”這一主題發(fā)表你的觀點(diǎn)，內(nèi)容包括： (1)國(guó)學(xué)入高中的緣由； (2)你對(duì)這一舉動(dòng)的看法。 [寫(xiě)作要求] 1．闡述觀點(diǎn)或提供論據(jù)時(shí)，不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句； 2．作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 3．不必寫(xiě)標(biāo)題。 [評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)] 內(nèi)容完整，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 答 案 Ⅰ.1.involved/engaged　2.social　3.endangered/threatened　4.E

22、xplanations/Reasons　5.responsibility　6.sure/certain　7.tendency　8.Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance　9.existence　10.choose/select/pick Ⅱ.參考范文： From this autumn on, new schoolbooks highlighting the traditional Chinese culture will be used by senior students, whose knowledge of the country’s ancient tr

23、aditions will also be tested in the college entrance examination. There’re several factors accounting for the move. The set of books are the significant component of traditional Chinese culture and provide teenagers with internal codes of conduct and thus they will play a positive role in their pro

24、cess of growth. Besides, the basic education system hasn’t attached enough importance to the learning of traditional culture for quite a long time, and the textbooks are a beneficial effort to reverse that situation. In addition, learning traditional culture is not merely about reciting texts — it’s

25、 about using ancient wisdom to solve current problems. Personally, I strongly support and welcome the move in that it is an initiative to bring Chinese traditional culture back. However, considering individual differences between students, I am not in complete agreement with the practice that they will be tested in the college entrance examination.