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1、Module 4　Sandstorms in Asia 能 力 闖 關(guān) Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．P________ is more important than result. 2．There’s a lot of ________(灰塵)on your face. 3．Something should be done to prevent the river from being p________. 4．Young as he is，his ________(力量，力氣)is great. 5．Many Beijing c________ cycle to work. 6．Wea

2、ther experts have ________(預(yù)報(bào))another big sandstorm in a week’s time. 7．The company launched a huge advertising c________. 8．We should try our best to ________(回收利用)the waste materials. 9．Qingdao is a ________(沿海的)city. 10．C________ rain did damage to the environment. 答案：1.Process　2.dust　3.poll

3、uted　4.strength　5.citizens　6.forecast　7.campaign　8.recycle 9．coastal　10.Chemical Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空 1．I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson ________. 　 A．cut in B．cut down C．cut out D．cut up 解析：句意：我正在跟Margaret交談，這時(shí)杰克遜插嘴了。本題考查cut的短語意義。cut in插嘴，打斷別人說話；cut down砍倒，減少；cut out剪下，刪節(jié)；cut up切碎。 答案：A 2．—B

4、ob’s ________ the branches from the tree.Go and ________ for firewood.Bill! —Do you think I’m really ________ for this kind of work? A．cut away；cut them up；cut through B．cut off；cut them down；cut through C．cut away；cut them up；cut out D．cut off；cut them down；cut out 解析：句意：“Bob已把樹枝從

5、樹上砍掉，Bill，你去把它砍碎做柴禾?！薄澳阏J(rèn)為我真的生來適合干這種活嗎？”cut away“砍掉”之意，cut off“切斷，隔絕”；cut...up“砍碎”；cut out“剪除，割掉”；cut through“取捷徑”。 答案：A 3．—What’s the matter with you? —After the long walk，my legs ________ and I couldn’t go any further. A．gave out B．gave off C．gave in D．gave up 解析：句意：“你怎么不舒服？”“走這么長的路，我的腿沒勁了不

6、能再走了”。 答案：A 4．The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ________. A．to be heard B．to have heard C．hearing D．being heard 解析：句意：孩子們吃飯的時(shí)候說話的聲音非常大，我不得不極力(提高嗓門)讓其他人聽清我的話。我說話是被別人聽見，故排除主動選項(xiàng)B、C。不定式表示目的，故A正確。 答案：A 5．There is nothing more I can try ________ you to stay，so I

7、 wish you good luck. A．being persuaded B．persuading C．to be persuaded D．to persuade 解析：句意：既然我沒有辦法說服你留下來，我只好祝你好運(yùn)。I can try ________ you to stay為定語從句，先行詞為nothing more將其代入后為：I can try nothing more to persuade you to stay.我沒有辦法說服你留下來。由此可看出to persuade在本句中作目的狀語。 答案：D 6．She showed great concern ____

8、____ her son. A．in B．to C．for D．a(chǎn)t 解析：concern for關(guān)心，掛念。 答案：C 7．The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported ________ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. A．breaking B．having broken C．to have broken D．to break 解析：句意：人們看到劉翔就歡呼起來，曾報(bào)道他打破了110米跨欄世界紀(jì)錄。根據(jù)句意：repor

9、t后接不定式,A、B排除，打破紀(jì)錄是發(fā)生過的事情，所以用不定式的完成式來表達(dá)。 答案：C 8．When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there ________ for a space flight. A．training B．being trained C．to have trained D．to be trained 解析：句意：當(dāng)問及他為何去那里時(shí)，他說他被派往那里作太空飛行訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)句意可知he與train之間為被動關(guān)系，所以排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；而設(shè)空處在句中應(yīng)作目的狀語，所以要用不定式，故排除B項(xiàng)。 答案：D

10、Ⅲ.翻譯句子 1．裁縫正根據(jù)我自己的尺寸把衣服改小。(cut down) ________________________________________________________________________ 2．我再也沒力氣抱著你往前走了。(carry) ________________________________________________________________________ 3．我們儲存的食物快要吃光了。(give out) _____________________________________________________________

11、___________ 4．我非常掛念她。(concern about) ________________________________________________________________________ 5．調(diào)查人員主張應(yīng)當(dāng)改善工地安全措施。(urge) ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1.The tailor is cutting down my dress to my own measure. 2．I don’t have the streng

12、th to carry you out any further. 3．Our food supplies are giving out/running out. 4．I am very concerned about her. 5．Investigators urged that safety procedures at the site should be improved. Ⅳ.完形填空 We were flying from Los Angeles to Washington，D.C.，when I 　1　 a lavatory call light in the coach

13、 cabin.There I found a young mother struggling with her kids.Everything was a 　2　，and the mother，who was near craziness，told me she had no more diapers(尿布)or other 　3　 on board the aircraft. Through her tears，she informed me that they had 　4　 their flight the previous night in 　5　 and because sh

14、e had very little money，she and her son had spent the night on the airport floor.Since she hadn’t 　6　 to miss the flight，she was forced to use up most of her supplies and　7　 money she had to feed them. As she stood in front of me，crying，holding her beautiful son，I could see the 　8　 and hopelessness

15、 on her face.And，as a mother of three beautiful daughters，I could feel her __9__. I immediately asked for __10__ from the other flight __11__.They brought cloth towels from first class to assist in __12__ up both mom and the infant.Then I asked several families if they could __13__ extra diapers，fo

16、rmula(配方奶)and clothes for the child.After the young mother and her son had changed their __14__ and the baby had gone to sleep，I sat with her，holding her hand，trying to __15__ some support and __16__ for the remainder of the flight. Once we __17__，the mother thanked me for all I had done；she said s

17、oftly, “You’re not the flight attendant；you’re a sky angel.” __18__ my flight attendant __19__，she continued, “And those are your angel wings.” __20__ those words she turned and walked down the jet way，her child in her arms，and boarded the plane for New Hampshire. 　　【解題導(dǎo)語】 遭遇困境的母親和孩子在乘務(wù)組人員的幫助下渡過難關(guān)

18、，他們對作者的幫助十分感激。作者也在經(jīng)歷了這次事件之后對人生有了新的認(rèn)識。 1．A.replied B．a(chǎn)nswered C．dealt with D．solved 解析：衛(wèi)生間有呼叫燈閃爍，作者過去看了看。answer指“答復(fù)，進(jìn)行解決，給予幫助”。其他各項(xiàng)均無此意。 答案：B 2．A.mass B．mess C．mixture D．embarrassment 解析：由下文的描述可知整個(gè)是一團(tuán)糟。mess“亂七八糟”。 答案：B 3．A.cloth B．clothes C．diapers D．clothing 解析：從乘務(wù)組提供的物品來看，應(yīng)該超出了衣服的范

19、疇，因此用clothing合理。 答案：D 4．A.missed B．caught C．delayed D．lost 解析：由文意推斷是“錯(cuò)過了”前一晚的航班，用miss。 答案：A 5．A.Washington B．New Hampshire C．Los Angeles D．New York 解析：因?yàn)榇舜魏桨嗍菑穆迳即夛w往華盛頓的，故此處選Los Angeles。 答案：C 6．A.supposed B．expected C．planned D．scheduled 解析：延誤航班是她沒有料到的，用expect。 答案：B 7．A.however B

20、．whole C．whatever D．total 解析：由文意知她被迫花光了所有錢，whatever money“所有的錢”。 答案：C 8．A.despair B．hopefulness C．craziness D．sorrow 解析：從上文的struggle等動作和她與孩子的遭遇來看，她是絕望的，選despair；亦可由其后的并列名詞推出。 答案：A 9．A.ache B．misfortune C．wound D．pain 解析：此處主要指精神上的痛苦，用pain。 答案：D 10．A.food B．money C．a(chǎn)ssistance D．dia

21、pers 解析：由下文的描述知是尋求幫助，用assistance。 答案：C 11．A.passengers B．families C．a(chǎn)ttendants D．pilots 解析：從他們提供的cloth towels from first class以及后來作者又向帶孩子的乘客們尋求幫助，可知這里是向乘務(wù)員尋求幫助的。 答案：C 12．A.picking B．wrapping C．clearing D．cleaning 解析：由前文所敘可知求助的母親和孩子狼狽不堪，故此處是他們擦洗干凈。 答案：D 13．A.spare B．share C．provide

22、D．donate 解析：其他乘客應(yīng)是勻出一些額外的尿布等，用spare。 答案：A 14．A.clothing B．clothes C．cloth D．diapers 解析：由上文可知作者給孩子找來了替換衣服，故此處指他們換衣服。 答案：B 15．A.devote B．provide C．contribute D．leave 解析：由作者的一系列動作可知她是給這位母親支持。provide“提供”。 答案：B 16．A.supplies B．a(chǎn)ccompany C．comfort D．courage 解析：與support并列使用，comfort最佳。 答

23、案：C 17．A.landed B．took off C．separated D．got off 解析：由下文“這位母親走下飛機(jī)”可知此處指飛機(jī)著陸，用land。 答案：A 18．A.Touched B．Touching C．To touch D．Having touched 解析：touching為分詞做伴隨狀語，與she為主謂關(guān)系。 答案：B 19．A.decorations B．wings C．rewards D．prizes 解析：wings在此意為“飛行勛章”。 答案：B 20．A.After B．Saying C．With D．Speak

24、ing 解析：with短語在此處做伴隨狀語。 答案：C 閱卷現(xiàn)場(教師用書獨(dú)具) 問題二：推理判斷題常見問題 問題描述與分析 推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過程。學(xué)生在此類問題上失分較多，主要是無法準(zhǔn)確找到答案的位置點(diǎn)，很難進(jìn)行正確推理。 典例精析： 【例1】 (2020;2020×全國Ⅰ卷C篇)We have met the enemy, and he is ours.We bought him at a pet shop.When monkey-pox，a disea

25、se.usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest it’s hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections (感染)we think of as human infections started in other animals”， says Stephen

26、Morse，director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University. It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are; we’re also bringing them closer to us. Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country. A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets and she

27、now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea. “I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them, ”says Isaksen. “Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing，”says Peter Schantz. Monkey-pox

28、 may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases. A new bug(病毒)may be kind at first.But it may develop into something harmful(有害的). Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease. But it is not impossible to pass

29、 the disease from person to person. (D)1.We learn from Paragraph l that the pet sold at the shop may ________ A．come from Columbia B．prevent us from being infected C．enjoy being with children D．suffer from monkey-pox (A)2.The text suggests that in the future we ________. A．may have to fight a

30、gainst more new diseases B．may easily get infected by diseases from dogs C．should not be allowed to have pets D．should stop buying pets from Africa 【答案解析】 1．選擇D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的第一、二句話可知，我們從寵物商店購買的動物身上攜帶疾病，能傳播給人類。下面以猴痘為例說明作者的觀點(diǎn)。 2．選擇A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句A new bug may be kind at first.But it may devel

31、op into something harmful. Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease.But it is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person可知，人類今后可能面臨更多疾病的挑戰(zhàn)。 【例2】 (2020;2020×山東卷A篇)A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie,

32、 was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift—$7,000，a legacy (遺產(chǎn)) from their

33、neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident. “It really made a difference when we were going under financially.”says Dave. But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches’ Dozens of other families were touche

34、d by the Hatches.generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in others，it was more than $100,000. It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million—they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm. Children

35、of the Great Depression，Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving.They thrived on (喜歡) comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store, checking prices before making a new purchase. Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their pare

36、nts couldn’t afford it. “Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything，” says their friend Sandy Van Weelden, “They could see things they could do to make you happier，and they would do them. Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches’ wish th

37、at their legacy—a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents—should enrich the whole community (社區(qū)) and last for generations to come. Neighbors helping neighbors—that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’s story. (B)1.Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store? A．They decided to open

38、a store B．They wanted to save money C．They couldn’t afford expensive things D．They wanted to buy gifts for local kids (A)2.According to Sandy Van Weelten, the Hatches were ________. A．understanding　　B．optimistic　　C．childlike　　D．curious 【答案解析】 1．選擇B。推理判斷題。第四段提到他們有節(jié)約的習(xí)慣，買東西前喜歡一個(gè)商店一個(gè)商店地比較價(jià)格，顯然是為

39、了省錢，所以答案為B。其他各項(xiàng)明顯與文意不符。 2．選擇A。從第五段Sandy Van Weelden的話可推知，the Hatches從來不問你需要什么，而是能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)你需要的東西，然后就來幫助你，這說明他們非常善解人意，所以A項(xiàng)正確，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。 【例3】 (2020;2020×陜西卷D篇)Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as air couriers. The number of tickets for courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year. H

40、owever, air-courier travel isn’t for everyone. But if you have very little money, can be flexible(靈活的) about your travel plans, and don’t mind wearing the same clothes for a week, it can be a great way to take a vacation! (A)One of the disadvantages of traveling as an air courier is that he _______

41、_. A．cannot decide when and where to travel B．cannot take any luggage with him C．has to wear two pairs of jeans D．saves little money from the travel 【答案解析】 選擇A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知這個(gè)旅行計(jì)劃隨意性、靈活性很大，所以本題選A。 【例4】 (2020;2020×重慶卷A篇)I was waiting for a phone call from my agent. He had left a message the

42、night before, telling me that my show was to be cancelled. I called him several times, but each time his secretary told me that he was in a meeting and that he would call me later. So I waited and waited, but there was still no call. Three hours passing by, I became more and more impatient. I was ce

43、rtain that my agent didn’t care about my work, and he didn’t care about me. I was overcome with that thought. I started to shout at the phone, “Let me wait, will you? Who do you think you are？” (B)Why did the author shout at the telephone? A．He was mad at the telephone. B．He was angry with his ag

44、ent. C．He was anxious about his wife. D．He was impatient with the secretary. 【答案解析】 選擇B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中第一句內(nèi)容可知，我給經(jīng)紀(jì)人多次打電話都沒有打通，等了三個(gè)小時(shí)之后還要繼續(xù)等，我認(rèn)為這是經(jīng)紀(jì)人不關(guān)心我的工作，不在乎我的感受，最終導(dǎo)致了我情緒的爆發(fā)。 【例5】 (2020;2020×安徽卷C篇)Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best. For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, y

45、ou need large, flat, black surfaces. One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings. But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt (柏油) roads? Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt

46、, a Dutch engineer. He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up. The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside. The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes. Most of them run from one side of th

47、e street to the other, just under the asphalt road. Some, however, dive deep into the ground. When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes. At a depth of 100 metres lies a natural aquifer (蓄水層)

48、 into which several heat exchangers (交換器) have been built. The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warning the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe. The aquifer is thus used as a heat store. In winter, the working system is changed slightly. Water

49、is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer. This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up. After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice. (D)1.Which of the following is t

50、rue according to the first two paragraphs? A．Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss. B．Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities. C．The Dutch engineer’s system has been widely used. D．Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads. (D)2.For what purpose are the diving pipes used?

51、 A．To absorb heat from the sun. B．To store heat for future use. C．To turn solar energy into heat energy. D．To carry heat down below the surface. (B)3.From the last paragraph we can learn that ________ A．some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter B．the system can do more than warming up the b

52、uilding C．the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface D．less heat may be collected in winter than in summer. 【答案解析】 1.選擇D。推測判斷題。由文章第二段最后一句內(nèi)容可以得出“可以從外面的柏油馬路上收集熱量”。 2．選擇D。推測判斷題。由文章第四段中“water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving

53、 pipes.”內(nèi)容得出答案。 3．選擇B。推測判斷題。由文章最后一段最后一句“it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice.”內(nèi)容可知，這一系統(tǒng)不只是給樓房加熱，它還要使馬路上的冰雪消融。 解決方案與指南 1．常用提問方式為： (1) It can be inferred that ________. (2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw/come to according to the

54、passage? (3)We can conclude from the passage that ________. (4)According to the passage, we can infer that ________. (5)The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that ________. (6)The tone of the passage is ________. (7)The author of the article is probably a ________. (8)The writer sugg

55、ests that ________. (9)We can infer from the article that ________. (10)What is the writer’s attitude toward ________？ 2.解題方法 (1)抓住特定信息逆向或正向推理。做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理，推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。 (2)整合全文(段)信息合理進(jìn)行推斷。做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目有關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論，忌“見樹不見林”。 (3

56、)利用語境褒貶適當(dāng)進(jìn)行信息推斷。幾乎每篇文章的語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子對我們掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展變化，從而正確地進(jìn)行邏輯推斷很有好處。 (4)根據(jù)文章結(jié)論推斷作者態(tài)度。作者的態(tài)度、傾向是指作者對陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對還是猶豫不定，對記敘或描寫的人、物或事件等是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。 (5)根據(jù)上下邏輯

57、大膽得出結(jié)論。邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，預(yù)測下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可能按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可能按因果關(guān)系，對比關(guān)系來描寫。必須注意的是：①讀者不可根據(jù)自己的主觀臆斷毫無根據(jù)地下結(jié)論；②所得結(jié)論必須符合作者的意圖。 (6)結(jié)合已有知識正確進(jìn)行推斷。知識推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論的一種推斷方法。知識推斷題一般都針對細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的社會基礎(chǔ)知識

58、，而且需要對文章細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識有一個(gè)充分的理解。 (7)根據(jù)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行判斷推理。根據(jù)不同文章的內(nèi)容和寫作目的，作者會采取記敘、描寫、議論、說明或應(yīng)用文體。作者也會采用敘述、例證、比較對照等不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務(wù)不同，閱讀方法也應(yīng)不同。增強(qiáng)對篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質(zhì)量。 直擊高考與警示 此題型要求考生縱覽全文，在匯集全文提供的各項(xiàng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行正確的邏輯推理，推斷作者的情感態(tài)度，人物的動機(jī)、目的、性格特征；事件的前因后果以及作者寫作的手法，此類題屬于深層理解題，要把握這類題必須透徹理解全文，認(rèn)真探究句意，注意邏輯關(guān)系及有關(guān)的生活常識?？忌鲱}時(shí)一定要整體理解語篇內(nèi)容，在語篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過字里行間，去把握作者的“弦外之音”。