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,Unit1LanguageforBusiness,Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofglobalizationandtheseverecompetitionofemployment,itappearsmoreandmoreimportantforajobapplicanttograspaforeignlanguage.Asagraduatestudent,realizingtheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguageaswellastheadvantagesbenefitingfrombeingbilingual,oneshouldmakeanefforttobebilingualonthebasisofowningtheexcellentmajorskillsandagoodcomprehensiveprofessionalquality.,Unit1LanguageforBusiness,,,,CONTENTS,,TextB,,TranslationSkills,,PracticalWriting,,TimeforFun,,Lead-in,,TextA,,Lead-in,1,Listening,1.Whydidn’tWongusetospeakEnglish?A.Becausehewasn’twillingtostudyEnglishwell.B.BecausehethoughtspeakingEnglishisn’tsoimportant.C.BecausehewasafraidtospeakEnglishinpublic.2.WhatisMissMarley’ssecondadvice?A.Usingdifferentresources.B.ChattingontheInternet.C.Readingmorebooks.3.WhichisNOTmentionedasawaytosurroundyourselfwithEnglish?A.PutEnglishbooksaroundyourroom.B.ListentoEnglishlanguageradiobroadcasts.C.WatchChinesemoviesandtelevisionprograms.4.HowmanypiecesofadvicedoesMissMarleygiveWong?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.5.Wheredoesthisdialoguemostprobablytakeplace?A.Atasupermarket.B.Onthebus.C.Atanoffice.,,,,,,Listentotheconversationandanswerthequestions.,,Lead-in,2,Vocabulary,1.fearA.prevent...from2.resourceB.apersonwhowasborninaparticularplace3.stop...fromC.radioortelevisionprograms4.broadcastsD.wealth5.nativeE.beafraidof,,,Listentotheconversationagain,payingattentiontothewordslistedbelow,andchoosetheexplanationforeachword.,,Lead-in,Anewreportsaysthenumberofforeignstudentsatcollegesand_________intheUnitedStatesincreasedby3percentlastyear.Thiswasthefirstnotableincreasesince2001.Anditincludedatenpercentjumpinnew___________________.The911terroristattacksledtomorerestrictivevisarequirements.Now,stronger______arebeingmadetogetmoreforeignstudentstostudyintheUnitedStates.Forthesixthyear,Indiasentthemostinternationalstudentslastfall,almost______.Thatwasuptenpercentfromtheyearbefore.Chinaremainedin___________,andSouthKoreawasthethird.,universities,,3,SpotDictation,Thespeakeristalkingaboutaneducationreportoninternationalstudents.Listentoitandfillinthemissinginformation,payingattentiontothefigures.,internationalstudents,efforts,84,000,secondplace,,Lead-in,Japanwasthefourthamongthetwenty______sendersofforeignstudents.ButthenumberofJapanesefellsharply—ninepercent.Theleadingareaofstudywas_______andmanagement.Thatwasthechoiceforeighteenpercentofforeignstudentslastyear.Secondwas___________.Thenewreportalsosaysmorethan_______Americansstudiedinothercountries.Thatwasduringthe2005~2006schoolyear.Itwasarecordnumber,andanincreaseof_____________percentfromtheyearbefore.Butonlyfiveandahalfpercentofthemstayedforafullyear.,leading,,3,SpotDictation,Thespeakeristalkingaboutaneducationreportoninternationalstudents.Listentoitandfillinthemissinginformation,payingattentiontothefigures.,business,engineering,220,000,eightandahalf,,Lead-in,4,Discussionlackof),,Wearenotfamiliarwiththebankduetothelackofbusinesscontactwiththem.,TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingtheexpressionsgiveninthebrackets.,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,冠詞(Article)冠詞包括定冠詞the、不定冠詞a(an)及零冠詞。定冠詞the是最常見的特指限定詞，可用在單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前。具體用法如下：,1.通常指假定說話的雙方都清楚的人或事物。例如：?Anupturninthesalesfiguresdelightedourmanager.2.用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示這類事物中的全體成員。例如：?Trytopromotethefactthatyouarebilingualoreventrilingualtoyourpotentialemployerduringthejobinterview．3.世界上獨一無二的事物、樂器、序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級前通常用定冠詞the。例如：?Theearthrevolvesaroundthesun.?Thefirstsignofconfidenceisshakinghandsfirmly.4.由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前常用定冠詞the。例如：?GoodspokenandwrittenEnglishskillsaregenerallyrequiredtosecuredecentemploymentintheUnitedStates.,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,不定冠詞a/an是最常見的泛指限定詞，只可用于可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。首次提到某人或某物，又不具體指明時，一般用不定冠詞。例如：?Speakingwithconfidencehelpsyoutocommunicatemoreeffectivelywithaninterviewer．零冠詞即不用冠詞。具體用法如下：1.首次提到復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，或不確定指人或物時，用零冠詞。例如：?Whileyouneverknowwhatquestionsinterviewersmightask，youcangetyourselfpreparedbyimaginingyourselfansweringsomedifficultquestions.2.表示用餐的名詞、球類運動、棋類游戲前用零冠詞。例如：?I’llhavetonegotiatewithaforeigncompanyafterlunch.3.在表示星期、月份、季節(jié)的名詞前通常用零冠詞,但在說某一季節(jié)也可用定冠詞。例如：?ItwasontheradioonSaturday.,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,1.Amonginternationalstudentsfromnon-English-speakingcountries，thosewithgoodEnglishskillstendtofindajobrelativelyeasily．2....confidentlyexpressingyourselfmayormaynotgetyouthejob，butbeingmodestorshywillabsolutelyeliminateanychanceofsuccess．3.Youcanfindtonsoftips,andquestionsthatarefrequentlyaskedbyinterviewers,ontheweborinpublishedsources.,Part1Lookatthearticlesinthefollowingsentencesandseehowtheyareused.Findfurtherexamplesinthepassageandidentifytheirfunctions.,,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,1.____aboveinformationwillservetogiveyouanideaofthekeensalescompetition.2.Shevolunteeredtosupport____unemployed.3.KFCisoneoftherichestandmostpowerfulventuresin____world.4.Allthemembersontheboardinourcompanyelecthim___manager.5.Lastyear,ourcompanyenteredintocompensationdealswith___HongKongfirm.6.Wethinkthatyourmarketreporton___Fridaylastweekistrue.7.BecauseourgeneralmanagerhasgonetodobusinessinAmerica,wehavetocommunicatewithhimby___E-mail.8.Wehopeyouwilleffectshipmentat_____earliestpossibledate.9.Wewillmeetyouat___midday.10.____thingworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.,The,the,the,/,a,/,/,the,/,A,Part2Fillintheblankswitha,an,orthe.Puta“/”wherenoarticleisneeded.,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,1.Ajointventuremaybeformofdirectinvestment.,,2.Onthejourneybacktoearthoneofthespaceship’scomputersfailed.,,Ajointventuremaybeaformofdirectinvestment.,Onthejourneybacktotheearthoneofthespaceship’scomputersfailed.,Part3Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,3.TheteaisimportedfromIndia.,,4.Keytothesettlementofthemanagerialquestionliesintheleadership.,,TeaisimportedfromIndia.,Thekeytothesettlementofthemanagerialquestionliesintheleadership.,Part3Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,5.Slightlatitudeinthequality,coloranddesignisacceptable.,,6.IappreciatedthewayyouworkedinLondon.Itwasbecauseofyouthatwelandedcontract.,,Slightlatitudeinthequality,coloranddesignisacceptable.,IappreciatedthewayyouworkedinLondon.Itwasbecauseofyouthatwelandedthecontract.,Part3Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,7.Bicyclemanufactureshadverygoodyear:salesacrossthecountrywereup40%overthepreviousyear.,,8.Weshallsendthegoodstoyoubytherail.,,Bicyclemanufactureshadaverygoodyear:salesacrossthecountrywereup40%overthepreviousyear.,Weshallsendthegoodstoyoubyrail.,Part3Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.,TextA,,7,GrammarFocus,9.Weshouldteachchildrentoknowthegoodfromthebad.,,10.Thefootballisoneofseveralgamesplayedbytwoteamswithaleatherball.,,Weshouldteachchildrentoknowthegoodfromthebad.,Footballisoneofseveralgamesplayedbytwoteamswithaleatherball.,Part3Correcttheerrorsinthefollowingsentences.,TextA,,8,Role-play,Howcanyouperformwellinfrontoftheinterviewerwhenyouarebeinginterviewedinajobinterview?Findyourselfapartner.Oneactsastheinterviewer,theothertheinterviewee.Imagineapositionyouwouldliketoapplyfor,whichrequiresagoodcommandofaforeignlanguage.Makeupadialogueandrole-playittotheclass.,TextB,Goodmorning,welcometothislectureontheimportanceoflearningforeignlanguages!Learningforeignlanguagesseemstoarousetheinterestofmanypeople，andourSchoolofInternationalStudiesworksveryhardtofulfilltheexpectationsofallofthosewhowanttolearnandstudyaforeignlanguage.AllstudentsofChineseuniversities,regardlessofwhattheirmajorsare,arerequiredtolearnaforeignlanguageinadditiontotheirothercourses.ThisspecialtyoftheChineseeducationalsystemwillbeofgreathelptothefurtherdevelopmentoftheChineseeconomyandtheChinesesocietyasawhole.,TextB,ToknowEnglishisgood，butnotenough.ManypeopletodayknowEnglish.Tohavethecommandofasecondforeignlanguagegivesyouthedecisiveedgeforcompetition.InmanyinternationalcompaniesinChina，inEurope,intheUSA,Englishistheacceptedandexpectedmeansofcommunication.Englishisthemostfrequentlyusedlanguageinallformsofinternationalcooperation.But，atacloserlook,youcanseethatinadditiontoEnglish,asecondforeignlanguage,especiallythelanguageofthetopmanagersofthecompanies，isaverywelcomeadditionalqualificationforpromotion.WhileinthemiddlelevelofmanagementandproductionEnglishisthemeansofcommunicationininternationalcompaniesandjointventures,thetoppeopleprefertocommunicateintheirownlanguage,andtorisetoahigherpositioninthecompanymeansnotonlytobequalifiedasanengineeroramanager,butalsotobeabletospeakthelanguageofthetopmanagers.,TextB,Allofthisresultsinthesameaimforthelearningofaforeignlanguage:tousethislanguageasaninstrumentforunderstandingandforcommunication.Andthisagainisthebasisforthequalificationswewantyoutoacquire:tomakeuseofyourcommunicationskills,andtheknowledgeyouacquiredaboutthecountryofyourchosenlanguage，inordertohelpbridgethegapsbetweenChinaandtheworld,tobecomeapartoftheglobalizationprocessandstrengthenChina’spositionintheworld.Aslongasyoucometoknowtheimportanceofforeignlanguagesdescribedabove,togetherwithyourgoodstudyhabitaswellasproperskills,youaresuretobenefitalotfromlearningaforeignlanguage.Goodluckinyourpromisingfuture.Thanksforyourattention.,TextB,,,TextB,,1,Vocabulary,regardlessofresultinfulfillinadditiontobeofgreathelpbridgethegapsjointventurestrengthenasawholequalify,1.Arethecommoditiesgoingtobedivideduporsold_________?2.____________thisorder,pleaseofferusanother60tonsagain.3.Beforeyoufillintheapplicationform,pleasemakesureyouare_______fortheposition.4.TheGuangzhouFairheldregularlyfourtimesayearhas______________betweenChinaandthewholeworld.5.We’dliketo__________ourgroupofforeignsalesoutletstobuildupourexports.,asawhole,Inadditionto,qualified,bridgedthegap,strengthen,Part1Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformwherenecessary.,TextB,,1,Vocabulary,Part1Completethesentenceswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformwherenecessary.,,,regardlessofresultinfulfillinadditiontobeofgreathelpbridgethegapsjointventurestrengthenasawholequalify,6.Suchagrowingdemandcanonly________increasedprice.7.____________areencouragedtomarkettheirproductsoutsideChina.8.Oursendingsometechnicianstoyourcompany_____________toyouwiththetrainingofworkers.9.We’resuingoursuppliersforfailingto_____theircontract.10.___________fiercemarketcompetition,ourproductshaveeveryprobabilityinreadysales.,resultin,Jointventures,isofgreathelp,fulfill,Regardlessof,TextB,,1,Vocabulary,Part2Studythesuffixesandcompletethesentenceswiththerightformofthewordsinthebrackets.,,TextB,,1,Vocabulary,1.Wehavetakenalotofmeasuresto_________(strength)economyandtradecooperationbetweenourtwocompanies.2.Thechildwas_________(fright)todeathbytheviolentthunderstorm.3.Theytrytheirbestto________(length)thetimeofthenegotiation.4.Canyousaysomedetailsaboutthe_________(educate)systemofyourcountry?5.The_________(addition)chargesarenotreasonableatall.,strengthen,frightened,lengthen,education,additional,Part2Studythesuffixesandcompletethesentenceswiththerightformofthewordsinthebrackets.,,TextB,,1,Vocabulary,6.Wearetakinga______(globe)viewofourbusiness.7.China’sentryintoWTOhashastenedtheprocessof___________(globe)ofChina’seconomy.8.Asthemeansof_____________(communicate),Englishistheacceptedandexpectedoneinthecompany.9.Inviewofthelong-term__________(cooperate),wegiveyoua5%discount.10.Themanager_________(haste)awaytotheoffice.,global,globalization,communication,cooperation,hastened,Part2Studythesuffixesandcompletethesentenceswiththerightformofthewordsinthebrackets.,,TextB,,2,GuidedPresentation,1.TheChineseeducationalsystemrequiresstudentstolearnaforeignlanguagebecauseitishelpfulto_____________________oftheChineseeconomy.2.Theabilityofusingaforeignlanguagefluentlywillgivethestudentsthe__________________________.3.Ininternationalcorporations,knowingthetopmanagers’languageisa______________________.4.Theobjectiveoflearningaforeignlanguageistousethelanguageasatoolfor_____________________________.5.With______________andproperskills,studentswilllearnaforeignlanguagewellandbenefitfromit.,thefurtherdevelopment,edgeforcompetition,forpromotion,understandingandcommunication,goodstudyhabit,Completethefollowingstatementswithnomorethan4wordsaccordingtothepassage.,qualification,decisive,TranslationSkills,翻譯的標準和方法翻譯的標準：信、達、雅?！啊拧粗覍嵱谠模弧_’，即譯文能使別人看懂；‘雅’，即譯文要有文采。”翻譯的方法主要是直譯、意譯或直譯、意譯結(jié)合。一、直譯直譯指翻譯時盡量保持原作的語言形式，包括用詞、句子結(jié)構(gòu)、修辭手段等等。直譯的特點是可以保留原文的風(fēng)格，向譯文讀者傳播異域文化。例如：MusicBridge音樂橋上述短語，兩種語言的表達都基本對應(yīng)。句子基本對應(yīng)的例子也很多，例如：Bloodisthickerthanwater.血濃于水。,TranslationSkills,二、意譯意譯是只忠實于原文內(nèi)容而不拘泥于原文形式的翻譯方法，是通過對原文深層意蘊的理解和消化，將原文的表層結(jié)構(gòu)打破和重組，然后轉(zhuǎn)化為譯文自然流暢的表層結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Shanghai—Seeingisbelieving有目共賞——上海牌電視機三、直譯、意譯均可有些句子如果保留原文的表達形式可能會以形害義，使讀者產(chǎn)生誤解，或者造成譯文表達的嚴重滯塞，那么就要借助于意譯或其他手段。例如：WatchoutforHarlow,he’sfullofMickeyMouseideas.要提防著點哈洛，他滿腦子歪門邪道。這也是一個直譯法與意譯法兼用的譯例。MickeyMouseideas原指卡通人物米老鼠想法。如把MickeyMouseideas直譯，則背叛原義，所以譯者將它意譯處理。原句其他部分直譯，從而確切表達了原意。,TranslationSkills,,Exercises,1.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.,,2.TedandWilliamhaveworkedunderthesameroofforfiveyears.,,凡事總是由難到易。,泰德和威廉已經(jīng)在同一個屋檐下工作了五年了。,Translatethefollowingsentences.,TranslationSkills,,Exercises,3.Competitionforthesejobsisverytough—therearefivetimesasmanyapplicantsthisyearastherewerelastyear.,,4.Italkedtoourmanagerwithbrutalfrankness.,,謀求這些職位的競爭很激烈——今年的求職者是去年的五倍。,我對經(jīng)理講的話，雖然逆耳卻是忠言(殘酷的坦白)。,Translatethefollowingsentences.,TranslationSkills,,Exercises,5.Weneedtobeenhancinginternationalcompetitiveness.,,我們的企業(yè)應(yīng)著重提高國際競爭力。,Translatethefollowingsentences.,PracticalWriting,英語句子的完整性句子不論長短只能有一個中心思想。否則寫出的句子就會使人無法理解，或引起歧義。殘缺句、接排句和簡省錯誤是句子結(jié)構(gòu)中最常見的錯誤。一、殘缺句所謂殘缺句，就是指不能獨立成句的一個不完整的句子片段。原句:Wonderingwhattheintervieweewasgoingtodo.改為:Thehumanresourceexecutivehadbeenwonderingwhattheintervieweewasgoingtodo.,PracticalWriting,二、接排句所謂接排句，即把兩個或兩個以上的獨立句子錯誤地用逗號隔開（或沒有標點符號相連）的句子。例如：Irantothedoorourbossstormedinsuddenlyheshoutedtowarnme.改正這種句子可采用以下三種方法：1.中間用句號使句子獨立。例如：Irantothedoor.Mybossstormedin.Suddenlyheshoutedtowarnme.2.使用并列結(jié)構(gòu)。兩個句子若同等重要，可以用并列連詞and,but,or,for,nor等連接成并列句。例如：Irantothedoor,andmybossstormedin.Suddenlyheshoutedtowarnme.3.使用從屬結(jié)構(gòu)?？筛鶕?jù)句子內(nèi)容將其中的一部分用連詞because,although,when和if等變成從句。例如：AsIrantothedoor,mybossstormedin.Suddenlyheshoutedtowarnme.Irantothedoor.Whenmybossstormedin,suddenlyheshoutedtowarnme.,PracticalWriting,三、簡省錯誤用詞簡省并不能夠隨意省掉一些屬于固定搭配的或有助于理解句意的詞。省掉就會影響句子的正確理解。常見的簡省錯誤有：1.部分謂語的省略（錯誤地省略部分謂語，會使句子結(jié)構(gòu)失去平衡）原句:Salesmanagersalwayshaveandalwayswilldotheirbesttostimulateenthusiasmatthesales.改為:Salesmanagersalwayshavedoneandalwayswilldotheirbesttostimulateenthusiasmatthesales.,PracticalWriting,2.介詞的省略常見介詞省略錯誤有兩種：一是有的句子要求有介詞綴后方能使句意完整并合乎邏輯；另一種是介詞搭配使用方面，有些詞需要固定的介詞與之搭配使用，當它們出現(xiàn)在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中時，除非它們所需的介詞是一致的，否則介詞不能省略。原句:Mr.Whitehasconfidenceandambitionforhisemployees.改為:Mr.Whitehasconfidenceinandambitionforhisemployees.3.比較級中必要詞的省略原句:IhadmorerespectforMr.Whitethanhiswife.改為:IhadmorerespectforMr.Whitethanforhiswife.或者:IhadmorerespectforMr.Whitethanhiswifedid.,PracticalWriting,,Exercises,1．Thenewcomerscleanedtheoffice,theotherstaffpreparedthefiles.（接排句）,,Thenewcomerscleanedtheofficeandtheotherstaffpreparedfiles.Afterthenewcomershadcleanedtheoffice,theotherstaffpreparedthefiles.,2．Haveyougotapentosignthesepapers?(介詞的省略),,Haveyougotapenwithwhichtosignthesepapers?,Correctthefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetipsinthebrackets.,PracticalWriting,,Exercises,3．Thispreparativetrainingisnotasstrictastheotheroneisstrict.(比較級中必要詞的省略),,Thispreparativetrainingisnotasstrictastheotherone.,4．Becausehewasnotthere.(殘缺句),,Heknewnothingaboutitbecausehewasnotthere.,Correctthefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetipsinthebrackets.,PracticalWriting,,Exercises,5．Mypenisbroken.Couldyoulendmeyourstowrite?(介詞的省略),,Mypenisbroken.Couldyoulendmeyourstowritewith?,Correctthefollowingsentencesaccordingtothetipsinthebrackets.,TimeforFun,?“It’sforbiddentostealhoteltowelsplease.Ifyouarenotthepersontodosuchthings,pleasedon’treadthenotice.”—InaTokyoHotel?“Pleasebatheinsidethetub.”—InaJapaneseHotelRoom?“Theliftisbeingfixedforthenextday.Duringthattimeweregretthatyouwillbeunbearable.”—InaBucharestHotelLobby?“Pleaseleaveyourvaluesatthefrontdesk.”—InaParisHotelElevator,TimeforFun,?“Visitorsareexpectedtocomplainattheofficebetweenthehoursof9and11a.m.daily.”—InaHotelinAthens?“YouarewelcometovisitthecemeterywherefamousRussianandSovietcomposers,artists,andwritersareburieddailyexceptThursday.”—IntheLobbyofaMoscowHotelacrossfromaRussianOrthodoxMonastary?“Ourwinesleaveyounothingtohopefor.”—OntheMenuofaSwissRestaurant?“Foryourconvenience,werecommendcourageous,efficientself-service.”—InaHongKongSupermarket,