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中 北 大 學(xué)
畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)書
學(xué) 院、系：
信息商務(wù)學(xué)院機械工程與自動化系
專 業(yè)：
機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
學(xué) 生 姓 名：
吳羅維
學(xué) 號：
12020144X36
設(shè) 計 題 目：
皮帶輸送機的設(shè)計?
起 迄 日 期:
2016 年3月9日~ 2016年6月10日
指 導(dǎo) 教 師:
陸春月 副教授
系 主 任:
暴建崗
發(fā)任務(wù)書日期: 2016年 3月 8 日
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 任 務(wù) 書
1．畢業(yè)設(shè)計的任務(wù)和要求：
任務(wù): 了解皮帶輸送機的應(yīng)用場合及工作環(huán)境，熟悉皮帶輸送機的工作原理及組成結(jié)構(gòu)；掌握皮帶輸送機的設(shè)計流程及方法，完成總體方案的設(shè)計，對其中的主要部件如輸送帶、驅(qū)動裝置、托輥、拉緊裝置等進行詳細地選型、設(shè)計、計算、校核。
2．畢業(yè)設(shè)計的具體工作內(nèi)容：
原始數(shù)據(jù)：輸送物料為散狀物料，堆積密度為500～2500kg/m；適用環(huán)境溫度為-20～40℃；輸送機年工作時間為取4500-5500小時。
畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 任 務(wù) 書
3．對畢業(yè)設(shè)計成果的要求：
工作要求：開題報告一份；外文資料原文(3000字)及外文翻譯各一份；畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書一份；裝配圖一份，零件圖若干。。
4．畢業(yè)設(shè)計工作進度計劃：
起 迄 日 期
工 作 內(nèi) 容
2016年
3月9日 ~ 3月15日
3月16日~ 3月 20日
3月21日 ~ 3月31日
4月01日~4月10日
4月11日~5月 15日
5月16日~5月25日
5月26日~~6月5日
6月6日 ~6月10日
熟悉課題、搜集資料，進行設(shè)計構(gòu)思
相關(guān)完成論文相關(guān)的外文資料翻譯
完成開題報告
設(shè)計整體的框架結(jié)構(gòu)
破碎機執(zhí)行機構(gòu)設(shè)計計算
破碎機傳動機構(gòu)計計算
撰寫設(shè)計說明書
畢業(yè)設(shè)計答辯
學(xué)生所在系審查意見：
同意下發(fā)任務(wù)書。
系主任： 暴建崗
2016年 2 月 29日
Design Of Belt Conveyor
Transporting machine to press the operation way can is divided into:1:The leather belt type transports machine 2:Is spiral to transport machine 3:The Dou type promotes machine 4:The roller transports machine 5:Calculate to transport machine 6:The plank chain transports machine 7:The net takes to transport machine 8:The chain transports machine.
1.Parameter
Is general according to various condition of request, material shipping point that the material transports system, relevant of the production craft process and material of characteristic etc. to make sure each main parameter.
①Transport ability:The ability of transporting the transporting of machine means unit for time inside transport of material quantity.While transporting to spread a form material, with the quality or physical volume calculation that the per hour transports a material;At transport into a piece product, with the number of items calculation that the per hour transports.
②Transport speed:The exaltation transports speed to improve the ability of transporting.When being making to lead a piece by belt conveyer and transporting length was more big, transport speed to gradually enlarge.But the take type of high-speed operation transports machine to need to notice vibration, Zao voice and start and make etc. problem.For use chain as lead a piece of transport machine, transporting the speed should not lead greatly, in order to prevent the aggrandizement power carry a lotus.Carry on transporting of craft operation machine at the same time, transporting the speed should press to produce a craft to request an assurance.
③Reach a size:Transport reaching of machine a size to include belt conveyer width, lath width and anticipate Dou capacity, piping diameter and container all of etc.s.These reach a sizes to all directly influence to transport machine of transport ability.
④Transport length and Qing Cape:Transport circuit length and Qing Cape size to directly influence the total resistance of transporting the machine and need of power.
2.Transport a machine the spot application way
Constitute to carry on explaining in detail from the take type machine system first:Leather belt's transporting machine is to spread a form material to transport and pack to unload an equipments most importantly, can extensively used for the mineral mountain, metallurgy, building materials, chemical engineering, electric power, industrial realms like food processing,etc, in the coal mine, metal mineral, the steel business enterprise, port, grounds like cement works,etc a great deal of application that can see skin machine, transporting the machine can not only complete to spread a transporting of form material, but also can transport into a piece material, but basis use location, work environment, transport the dissimilarity of material category, will also have bigger difference in its design and the application;
Modernization of transport the machine system has higher request to the dust palliative, is this, in each the device that transfer place and establish and sprinkle water and gather a dust, transport machine and follow line in the tape will establish and defend a breeze cover or block an aerofoil, system from list the machine constitute of, to work in the whole machine system of operate and fix to say, want and have a foothold and divide the single machine of the tube at oneself, and want to understand mutual contact between systems, list machine again is constitute to°from many partses, only work well the daily maintenance of each parts maintains and makes it is placed in good work status so as to ensure the safe movement of equipments;
We generally will transport the use place, work environment of machine according to the take type, technique function and transport material category to wait various dissimilarity with satisfy various forms of homework work condition, in addition to in addition to transporting machine, the in general use leather belt of more adoption also various special kind tapes of new structure transport machine and have a mainly having of the representative among them:Big Qing Cape take type machine, deep slot take type machine and press take type machine, take care of the form take type, the air cushion take type, the flat surface turn take type, the line friction type, wave-like in shape the belt conveyer type blocking a side transport machine etc. and carry on a thin method for turning and canning exist various classifications and make following introduction now:
Press the use classification, there is in general use ambulation type, under the well choice type, the strip mine is used a fixed type, special kind structure type, can move a place type and transport machine, load machine appropriation redistribution function type, the big Qing Cape type transports machine etc., generally speaking transport machine inside the short distance factory can complete level, up the luck or bottom carries, canning go against the wood grain type leather belt machine can be used for double to transport a material, hang arm machine usually install anticipate on board in the heap, and can turn round, line up the function of soil or cloth by realization, but Gao Jia Ji propped up by in the door usually match with other spread and anticipate and handle an equipments common use, for example give or get an electric shock and constuct a medium application in water, can install standard in the center frame, the machine's mounting places on the track Zhen, easy to move and place;
Press the category of transporting the material to categorize, have the generally lax material is used of, the strong and tough material is used of and list piece the leather belt used in material transport machine etc. and press the rubber conveyance takes a loading segment of position to categorize, include a leather belt loading segment at top of and loading segment at underneath of and at the same time loading segment at up underneath of double to transport machine three, the use double can distinguish to transporting machine at up branch and bottom branch transport a material, but for keeping material contact noodles don't produce a change and need to bring in to go to the rubber to be periodically inside out.
3.Categorize
Transporting machine generally and pressing already didn't lead piece to carry on a classification and had to lead a transporting of piece machine to generally include to lead a piece, loading to reach a piece, drive device, bring to the stretch device and change to accept an etc. to the device and.Lead a piece to in order to deliver to lead dint, can adopt belt conveyer and lead chain or steel wire rope;The loading reaches a piece to in order to accept to put a material and has already anticipated Dou and bracket or mourns to have...etc.;Drive device to transport machine with the power, generally from electric motor, decelerate a machine and make machine(stop a machine) etc. to constitute;Bring to the stretch to equip to generally have the Luo pole the type and heavy hammer type 2 kind, can make to lead a piece to keep certain tension and hang a degree, transport machine by assurance normal operation;Pay to accept a piece to in order to accept to give to lead piece or loading to reach a piece, can adopt to give Gun and roll an etc..Having the structure characteristics that lead the transporting of piece machine is:Be delivered a material and pack reaching with the loading leading a link together inside the piece, or directly pack in leading a piece(is like belt conveyer), led a piece to once round each roller or the chain round beginning and end and connect with each other, formation include and deliver a having of material carry branch and don't deliver a material of have never carried shutting of branch and match wreath road, make use of lead continuous sport of piece and transport a material.This type ofly transporting model is numerous, there is mainly a take type transporting a machine, plank type and transporting a machine, small car type and transporting machine, escalator, automatic sidewalk, paring off plank and transporting machine, covering up and paring off plank and transporting a machine, Dou type and transporting a machine, Dou type and promoting machine and hanging and transporting machine and build on stilts a cableway...etc..
The structure that didn't lead transporting of piece machine constitutes each not same, use to the work of transporting the material to reach a piece as well not same.Their structure characteristicses are:Make use of a work to reach a revolving of piece to exercise or the back and forth exercise, or make use of lie quality to make the material transport forward in the fluxion in the piping.For example, the Gun son transports the work of machine to reach the piece as a series of Gun son, the Gun son makes to revolve sport to transport a material;Is spiral to transport the work of machine to reach a piece for spiral, helix at anticipate and make to revolve sport in the slot with follow anticipate slot to push to send a material;The vibration transports the work of machine to reach piece in order to anticipate slot, anticipate slot to make back and forth sport with transport Be placed to among them of material etc..
Install
(1)The fixed type transports machine should by rule gearing method gearing at fix of foundation up.The ambulation type transports machine formally before circulating and should live wheel with the wedge Xie or uses to make a machine to stop.So as not to take place to take a stroll in the work, there is the passage that many sets , between machine and machine, there shoulded be one meter between wall and machine while transporting a parallel homework of machine.
(2)The beard checks an each operation part, tape to take to button up to equip with loading before using whether normal, whether protection equipments is well-found.The tape rises a tight degree beard before starting the adjustment is to suitable extent.
(3)Leather belt's transporting machine should get empty to carry a start.Waiting to revolve normal rear can go into to anticipate.Drive after forbiding to go into first to anticipate.
(4)There are few set that when transport machine to establish to circulate should from unload to anticipate to carry a beginning, the sequence starts.After revolving as usual all, the square can go into to anticipate.
(5)Appear in the movement when the tape runs to be partial to a phenomenon should park the car adjustment, can not force an use, so as not to wear away edge and increment burden.
(6)Work environment and be sent material temperature not to must be higher than 50 ℃ and be lower than-10 ℃ .Can not transport the material of having sour alkaline oil and organic melting agent composition.
(7)Forbid pedestrian or multiply by a person on the belt conveyer.
(8)Have to stop going into first to anticipate before parking the car, wait leather belt up save to anticipate to unload to the utmost a square can park the car.
(9)Transporting the machine electric motor has to insulate good.The ambulation type transports machine electric cable to pull and drag along indiscriminately.The dynamoelectric confidential credibility connects ground.
(10)The leather belt beats slippery strictly forbid to by hand pull leather belt, so as not to take place trouble.
5.Adjust to try
(1) Each equipments with meticulous care adjusts to try to transport machine after installing and satisfies a drawing request.
(2) Each deceleration machine exercises parts to add to note to correspond lubricant.
(3) The gearing after transporting machine to attain to request each single set equipments carries on beginning to work to make run-in, and knot to put together to adjust to try to transport machine to satisfy an operative request.
(4) Adjust to try the electricity part of transporting the machine.Include to connect adjusting of line and action to try to the normal regulations electricity, make the equipments have good function, attain the function and status of design.
6.Transport machine to block knothole 2 kinds of boring crafts
(1)Blow up boring:The material after the irradiation of continuous laser and centrally forms one cave pit, then from and laser beam the coaxial oxygen flow to clean meltdown material and form one bore very quickly.The size of general bore is as thick relevant as plank, blow up to bore hole the average diameter as thick plank half, therefore blow up to bore hole bore path bigger to thicker plank, and not circle, should not in requesting higher spare parts use(if the petroleum Shai sews a tube), can be used for a waste up.In addition because of bore hole use of oxygen pressure with incise homology, splash a little bit greatly.
(2)Pulse boring:The pulse laser that adopts high peak value power makes a little amount material melt or vaporizes, in common use air or nitrogen spirit are to lend support to air and oxidize to make bore expand because of putting heat by decrease, the air pressure more incises of the oxygen pressure is small.The particle jet with small creation of each pulse laser gradually goes deep into, therefore slab boring time takes several seconds.Once bore hole completion, immediately change assistance air into oxygen to carry on incising.Boring hole diameter like this is smaller, its boring quality is better than to blow up boring.Not only should have higher exportation power for the laser machine used by this;The time and space characteristic that more important time ties, therefore the general crosscurrent carbon dioxide laser machine can not adapt to the request that the laser incises.In addition the pulse bores hole to also have the more dependable spirit road the control system to carry out cutting over of air category, air pressure and bore hole a horary control.
皮帶輸送機
輸送機械按運作方式可以分為：1：皮帶式傳輸機2：螺旋輸送機3：斗式提升機4：滾筒運送機5：計量運輸機6：板鏈?zhǔn)竭\送機7：網(wǎng)帶輸送機8：鏈條運輸機。
1.參數(shù)
一般是根據(jù)各種條件的要求，材料運輸點，物料輸送系統(tǒng)、相關(guān)的工藝和材料的生產(chǎn)過程特性等來確定各主要參數(shù)。
①輸送能力：輸送機的運送能力是單位時間內(nèi)輸送的物料量。傳播形式以材料、物理與質(zhì)量或體積計算：輸送成件物品時，每小時運送材料以運輸件數(shù)計算，
②輸送速度：提高輸送速度提高輸送能力。以輸送帶作牽引件通過傳送帶或輸送長度大時，運輸速度將逐漸增大。但是高速運輸?shù)牟僮鳈C器需要注意振動、噪音、啟動和制動等問題。使用鏈條作為牽引件的輸送機等，輸送速度不應(yīng)導(dǎo)致極大，以防止增大動力載荷。運輸艇操作機器的同時，輸送速度應(yīng)該壓制以產(chǎn)生工藝要求的保證。
③構(gòu)件尺寸：運輸?shù)竭_機器的尺寸包括輸送帶寬度，板條寬度和料斗容積、管道直徑和容器大小等。所有大小直接影響輸送機的輸送能力。
④運輸長度和傾角：輸送線路長度和傾角大小直接影響總的電阻和運輸機器時，需要的功率。
2.運輸機現(xiàn)場應(yīng)用方式
首先從帶式機系統(tǒng)的組成進行講解：皮帶運輸機最重要的是材料的運輸與裝卸設(shè)備，可以廣泛用于礦物山、冶金、建材、化工、電力、工業(yè)領(lǐng)域、食品加工等，在煤礦、金屬礦產(chǎn)、鋼鐵商業(yè)企業(yè)、港口、水泥等均有進行大量的應(yīng)用，運輸機械不僅能夠完成散狀物料的輸送，還可以輸送成件材料，但依據(jù)使用地點、工作環(huán)境、不同類別的材料運輸，還將有較大的差異,其設(shè)計和應(yīng)用；
現(xiàn)代化的運輸機系統(tǒng)對防塵具有更高的要求，為此，在每個裝置的轉(zhuǎn)接處設(shè)有灑水和一個灰塵收集裝置，在運輸和后續(xù)在線機器帶將建立和保衛(wèi)防風(fēng)罩，系統(tǒng)是由單機構(gòu)成的，對在整機系統(tǒng)中工作的操作和修理者來說，要立足于自己分管的單機，并了解更多的相互觸點之間的系統(tǒng)，單機又是由許多部件組成的,只有做好日常的維護和保養(yǎng)各部件使得它被放置在良好工作狀態(tài)，才能確保市場備的安全運行；
我們通常根據(jù)運輸機使用場所，工作環(huán)境，技術(shù)功能和運輸類等各種材料滿足各種形式的作業(yè)的工作狀態(tài)，除較多采用的通用皮帶輸送機外，還有多種新型結(jié)構(gòu)的特種膠帶輸送機，其中具有代表性的主要有：大傾角帶式機，深槽帶式機以及壓帶式機，管狀帶式，氣墊帶式，平面轉(zhuǎn)彎帶式，線摩擦式，波狀擋邊輸送帶式運輸機械等，進行細化又可存在多種分類方式，現(xiàn)作以下介紹：
按用途分類，一般使用步行型、井下選擇式，露天礦用固定式，特種結(jié)構(gòu)類型，可以移動式、裝載機專用轉(zhuǎn)載功能式，大傾角式輸送機等，一般來說運輸機器距離短的工廠可以完成水平，上運或者下運，可逆花紋式皮帶機可以用于雙向輸送物料，懸臂機通常安裝在堆料機上，并可回轉(zhuǎn)，以實現(xiàn)土壤或布料的作用，但由門架支撐的高架機通常匹配的其它擴展和難以預(yù)料的風(fēng)險處理設(shè)備共同使用，例如在水電建設(shè)中的應(yīng)用，可以安裝在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的中心架，機器的安裝位置上的軌道，移動方便；
按類別分類的輸送材料，有一般松散物料用的，堅硬物料用的以及單件物料用的皮帶運輸機器等，按橡膠以裝載輸送段的位置來分類，包括皮帶在載荷分段的頂部和在裝載區(qū)段下面，但為了保持物料接觸面不產(chǎn)生改變，需要對橡膠帶進行定期翻轉(zhuǎn)。
3.分類
輸送機一般按有無牽引件來進行分類，具有牽引件的輸送機一般包括牽引件、承載構(gòu)件、驅(qū)動裝置、張緊裝置、改向裝置和支承件等。牽引件用以傳遞牽引力，可采用輸送帶、牽引鏈或鋼絲繩；承載件用以承放物料，有料斗、托架或吊具等；驅(qū)動裝置，以便輸送用機器的電源，一般由電動馬達，減速器和制動器等構(gòu)成；張緊裝置有螺桿式和重錘式兩種，可以使?fàn)恳３忠欢ǖ膹埩蛻覓於龋ＷC運輸機正常操作；支承件用以承托牽引件或承載構(gòu)件，可采用托輥、滾輪等。具有牽引件的輸送機的結(jié)構(gòu)特點是：被運送物料裝在與牽引件連結(jié)在一起的承載構(gòu)件內(nèi)，或者直接裝在牽引件（如輸送帶)上，牽引件繞過各滾筒或鏈輪首尾相連，形成包括具有材料并輸送的分支和不進行遞送材料的分支的閉合環(huán)路，讓使用牽引件的連續(xù)運動的輸送件輸送一種類型的材料。這類輸送機型號眾多，主要有帶式輸送機、板式輸送機、小車式輸送機、自動扶梯、自動人行道、刮板輸送機、埋刮板輸送機、斗式輸送機、斗式提升機、懸掛輸送機和架空索道等。 沒有牽引件的每個輸送機的結(jié)構(gòu)組成各不相同，用來輸送物料的工作構(gòu)件也不相同。它們的結(jié)構(gòu)特點是：利用工作構(gòu)件使回轉(zhuǎn)的工件運動或前后運動，或利用介質(zhì)在管道中的流動使物料向前輸送。例如，輥子輸送機的工作構(gòu)件為一系列輥子，輥子作旋轉(zhuǎn)運動以輸送物料；螺旋運輸作業(yè)的機器為螺旋件，螺旋在料槽中作旋轉(zhuǎn)運動以沿料槽推送物料；振動輸送機的工作構(gòu)件為料槽，料槽作往復(fù)運動以輸送置于其中的物料等。
4安裝
（1）固定類型的運送機器應(yīng)通過規(guī)定的方法在固定的齒輪傳動裝置基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，移動式輸送機正式運行前應(yīng)將輪子用三角木楔住或用制動器剎住。以免工作中發(fā)生走動，有多臺輸送機平行作業(yè)時，機與機之間，機與墻之間應(yīng)有一米的通道。
(2)使用前須檢查各運轉(zhuǎn)部分、膠帶搭扣和承載裝置是否正常，防護設(shè)備是否齊全。膠帶的漲緊度須在啟動前調(diào)整到合適的程度。
（3）皮帶運輸機器應(yīng)該空載啟動。等轉(zhuǎn)動正常后方可入料，禁止先入料后開車。
(4)有數(shù)臺輸送機串聯(lián)運行時，應(yīng)從卸料端開始，順序起動。全部正常運轉(zhuǎn)后，方可入料。
（5）運行中出現(xiàn)膠帶跑偏現(xiàn)象時，應(yīng)停車調(diào)整，不得勉強使用，以免磨損邊緣和增加負荷。
（6）工作環(huán)境及被送物料溫度不得高于50℃和低于-10℃。不得輸送具有酸堿性油類和有機溶劑成份的物料。
（7）輸送帶上禁止行人或乘人。
（8）停車前必須先停止入料，等皮帶上存料卸盡方可停車。
（9）輸送機電動機必須絕緣良好。移動式輸送機電纜不要亂拉和拖動。電動機要可靠接地。
（10）皮帶打滑時嚴(yán)禁用手去拉動皮帶，以免發(fā)生事故。
5.調(diào)試
(1)每個設(shè)備精心調(diào)試后，安裝和滿足圖紙要求。
(2)每個減速機器運動部件應(yīng)添加相對應(yīng)的潤滑劑。
(3)安裝運輸機達到要求后在每個單一集合攜帶設(shè)備上開始工作，并結(jié)合起來以調(diào)試輸送機以滿足工作請求。
(4)調(diào)試輸送機的電氣部分。包括對常規(guī)電氣接線及動作的調(diào)試，使設(shè)備具有良好的功能，實現(xiàn)功能和狀態(tài)的設(shè)計。
輸送機擋板的2種穿孔工藝
（1）爆破穿孔：該材料在照射后的激光的連續(xù)和統(tǒng)一形成一個洞穴，然后從與激光束同軸的氧氣流來清潔熔化的材料和形成一個孔,一般孔的大小與板厚有關(guān),爆破穿孔平均直徑為板厚的一半,因此，將要向鉆孔路徑鉆孔較大和較厚的木板，而不是圓的，不宜在要求較高的零件上使用（如石油篩縫管），只能用于廢料上。此外由于穿孔所用的氧氣壓力與切割時相同，飛濺較大。
(2)脈沖穿孔：該脈沖激光，采用高峰值功率使少量材料熔化或汽化，常用空氣或氮氣輔助氣體，以減少因放熱氧化使孔擴展,氣體壓力較切割時的氧氣壓力小。每個脈沖激光只產(chǎn)生小的微粒噴射,逐步深入,因此厚板穿孔時間需要幾秒鐘，一旦穿孔完成,立即將輔助氣體換成氧氣進行切割。這樣直徑小，它的鏜削質(zhì)量優(yōu)于爆破穿孔。為此所使用的激光器不但應(yīng)具有較高的輸出功率；更重要的時光束的時間和空間特性。因此一般橫流二氧化碳激光器，已不適應(yīng)要求，此外脈沖穿孔還須要有較可靠的氣路控制系統(tǒng),以實現(xiàn)氣體種類、氣體壓力的切換及穿孔時間的控制。