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1、短文填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練 咸陽(yáng)高新一中 黃夢(mèng)君 2017.06 拿到題目后，不要急于看文章。首先研究備選的詞匯，對(duì) 詞義做初步的理解，同時(shí)對(duì)詞性做簡(jiǎn)單的標(biāo)記。梳理標(biāo)記 詞匯的可能變形。 一、明確詞義，分辨詞性，標(biāo)記變形 動(dòng)詞：注意其第三人稱單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞形 式； 形容詞：注意其比較等級(jí)、相應(yīng)副詞的變形； 名稱：注意其單、復(fù)數(shù)形式、所有格形式； 代詞：注意其主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代 詞及其反身代詞。陜西省?？嫉臑槿朔Q代詞的主格變形容詞性 物主代詞； 數(shù)詞：注意基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。 明確詞義，分辨詞性，標(biāo)記變形 語(yǔ)義完整、合乎邏輯是做好填詞的前提。做好填詞有兩種

2、方法：1.根據(jù)固定搭配填詞；2.根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)填詞。針對(duì) 相關(guān)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，考生可以從以下五個(gè)方面著手： 二、通讀全文，把握大意，試填詞匯 如果空格后是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且句子的其它內(nèi)容完整，則該空格應(yīng) 考慮使用名詞、人稱代詞及名詞性物主代詞； 如果空格前是句子主語(yǔ)，空格后是賓語(yǔ)，此處應(yīng)考慮動(dòng)詞，構(gòu) 成主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)； 如果空格后是名詞，空格前有限定詞，則此處應(yīng)考慮使用形容 詞； 如果空格前有表示程度的副詞，如a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, 等詞或空格后有than時(shí)，空格處應(yīng)考慮用形容詞或副詞的比較 級(jí)； 如果空格前是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，則考慮空格處填副詞；同時(shí)要注意如 果空格前

3、是系動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞，則需要填形容詞，構(gòu) 成主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此類系動(dòng)詞有become, turn, get, sound, feel等。 二、通讀全文、把握大意、試填詞匯 注意嚴(yán)格按照陜西省中考閱卷評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢查4個(gè)方面：?jiǎn)?詞選擇、形式、拼寫(xiě)、大小寫(xiě)。此外也應(yīng)注意答案和題號(hào) 一一對(duì)應(yīng)。 三、復(fù)讀短文，核實(shí)答案，確保無(wú)誤 選詞填空（一） 布朗先生和傘 1. forget 2. bring 3. mend 4. beside 5. luck 6. pick 7. same 8. I 9. stop 10.each forgetsforgotforgotten forgetting to for

4、get bringsbroughtbringingto bring mendsmendedmending to mend luckyunluckyluckierluckiest- luckily pickspickedpickingto pick memyminemyself stops stoppedstopping to stop Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 _ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in L

5、ondon. They were 2 _ there. brought mended forget, bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same, I , stop，each One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 _ to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr.

6、Brown 5 _ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 _ by the man. He said angrily, Thats 7_ ! Mr. Brown s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once. forgot beside picked stopped mine forget, bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same, I , st

7、op，each When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 _ of them, he said, Youve mended them very well. In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 _ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown and his six umbrellas, Youve had a

8、10 _ day, he said. each same lucky forget, bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same, I , stop，each 這是一篇傘店老板Mr Brown在火車(chē)上發(fā)生的故事，是敘述類 文章。要求填的詞匯都是大綱范圍內(nèi)的詞匯，因此難度 不是很大。學(xué)生應(yīng)在短文語(yǔ)境中對(duì)有用的信息進(jìn)行推敲，結(jié) 合整篇文章的內(nèi)容，確定所需詞匯。通讀全文，了解大意。 再讀全文，確定所需詞的詞義、詞性和詞形。 第1題需要?jiǎng)釉~，因?yàn)樵摼錈o(wú)謂語(yǔ)，意思是“帶來(lái)”或“給”， 所以選brought。 第2題需要?jiǎng)釉~，由于該句是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意 思是“被修理”，選mended。

9、第3題為動(dòng)詞，由空前主語(yǔ)和空后的動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)Q定，根據(jù)下 文判斷意思是“忘記”，選forgot。 第4題選介詞。由語(yǔ)境決定的，意思是“在座位旁邊”，選 beside。 第5題選動(dòng)詞，意思是“拾起”，恰好是詞組pick up, 故事發(fā)生在過(guò)去，所以選picked。 第6題選動(dòng)詞，由于句子是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，選stopped。 第7題選名 詞性物主代詞，由于句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“我的”， 選mine。 第8題選代詞，由后面的of結(jié)構(gòu)決定的，指“每一” 或者“全部”，選詞中沒(méi)有提供all；所以選each 。第9題選形 容詞，由于它修飾的是名詞，指“相同的”，選same。 第10 題選形容詞，由于它修飾的是

10、名詞，指“幸運(yùn)的或好的”， 選lucky。 選詞填空（二） 人類與沙漠 1. move 2. enough 3. find 4. desert 5. make 6. use 7.another 8. carry 9. trouble 10. friend movesmovedmoving to move findsfoundfindingto find desertsdeserts usesusedusingto useusefuluseless carriescarriedcarryingto carry makesmademakingto make in trouble friendsfr

11、iendsfriendsfriendly You may think there is nothing but sand in the desert of the world, but it is not true. In the desert we can 1._ stones. We can see hills, too. There is a little rain in the 2._, but it is not 3. _ for most plants. The animals are 4. _ to the desert people in many ways. The dese

12、rt people eat the meat and drink the milk of the animals. They use their skins to 5. _ shoes, water bags and even tents(帳篷). They use the camels(駱駝) for 6. _ things. find desert move, enough, find ,desert, make, use , another, carry , trouble, friend enough useful make carrying The people of the des

13、ert have to keep 7. _ from places to place. They must always look for grass or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in the tents. When there is mo more food for their animals, they take down their tents, put them on the camels and move to 8. _ place. The desert people are very 9. _. No man in the desert would ever refuse to help the people in 10._ and give them food and water. move, enough, find ,desert, make, use , another, carry , trouble, friend moving another friendly trouble 謝謝大家