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第六課時　八年級(上)　Units 1—3 ,中考基礎知識梳理 類別 課標考點要求 詞 匯 攻 關 1.wonder→(形容詞)__wonderful__ 2.decide→(名詞)__decision__ 3.active→(名詞)__activity__ 4.build→(名詞)__building__ 5.full→(反義詞)饑餓的__hungry__ →(反義詞)空的__empty__ 6.die→(現在分詞)__dying__ →(名詞)__death__ 7.win→(名詞)__winner__ 8.quiet→(副詞)__quietly__ →(反義詞)__noisy__ 9.compete→(名詞)競賽；比賽__competition__ →(名詞)競爭者；參賽者__competitor__ 10.care→(形容詞)__careful__ →(副詞)__carefully__ →(形容詞的反義詞)__careless__ 11.little→(比較級)__less__ →(比較級的反義詞)__more__ →(最高級)__least__ →(最高級的反義詞)__most__ 12.say→(名詞)__saying__ →(過去式)__said__ →(第三人稱單數)__says__ 短 語 歸 納 1.相當多；不少__quite__a__few__ 2.給……的感覺，感受到__feel__like__ 3.因為__because__of__ 4.幾乎從不__hardly__ever__ 5.至少；不少于；起碼__at__least__ 6.例如；像……這樣__such__as__ 7.多于__more__than__ 8.少于__less__than__ 9.關心，在意__care__about__ 10.只要；既然__as__long__as__ 11.與……不同，與……有差異be__different__from__ 12.使顯現；使表現出__bring__out__ 13.和……相同；與……一致__the__same__as__ 14.確切地說；事實上，實際上__in__fact__ 15.與……相像的、類似的__be__similar__to__ 16.小學__primary__school__ 句 型 再 現 1.你買了什么特別的東西嗎？ Did you buy __anything__special__？ 2.天氣晴朗并且炎熱，所以我們決定去賓館附近的沙灘。 It was sunny and hot，so we __decided__to__go__ to the beach near our hotel. 3.我和我姐姐嘗試了滑翔傘運動。 My sister and I __tried__paragliding__. 4.一天的差異是多么大呀！ __What__a__difference__ a day makes！ 5.“周末你通常做什么？”“我經常去看電影。” —__What__do__you__usually__do__ on weekends？ —I often __go__to__the__movies__. 6.關于我們看電視的問題的回答也很有趣。 __The__answers__to__our__questions__ about watching television were also interesting. 7.“你多久上一次鋼琴課？” “每周兩次，星期三和星期五”。 — __How__often__ do you have piano lessons？ —__Twice__a__week__，on Wednesday and Friday. 8.你每天晚上通常睡幾個小時？ How__many__hours__do__you__usually__sleep every night？ 9.雖然許多學生喜歡看體育節(jié)目，但游戲類節(jié)目卻是最受歡迎的。 Although many students like to watch sports，game shows __are__the__most__popular__. 10.我比我姐姐更外向。 Im __more__outgoing__than__ my sister. 11.塔拉和蒂娜一樣努力學習。 Tara works __as__hard__as__ Tina. 12.好朋友逗我哈哈大笑。 A good friend __makes__me__laugh__. 語法 結構 1.一般過去時、一般現在時。 2.詢問頻率及回答。 3.形容詞、副詞比較級的構成和基本用法。 話 題 1.Holidays and vacations(假期) 2.Free time activities(閑暇活動) ,青海五年中考真題演練 ◆形容詞的比較級、最高級 ( C )1.(2016西寧26題)—Many boy students think science is ________ English. —I agree.Im weak in English. A．much difficult than B．so difficult as C．less difficult than D．more difficult than ( A )2.(2015青海33題)—Have you heard the news of the traffic accident? —Yes，many people have lost their lives and the situation is becoming ________. A．worse and worse　B．better and better C．more and more 3．(2015西寧85題)私家車越多，交通越糟糕。 The __more__ cars people have，the __worse__ traffic there will be. ◆How詞組 ( C )4.(2012西寧21題)—________ do you have a class meeting? —Once a week. A．How old B．How far C．How often D．How long ◆復合不定代詞 ( B )5.(2013青海23題)Look！The light in the teachers office is on.There must be ________ in it. A．everyone B．someone C．no one ( C )6.(2012西寧29題)There is ________ in todays homework. A．difficult nothing B．difficult anything C．nothing difficult D．anything difficult ,青海中考重難點突破 　try的用法 【滿分點撥】 try——try to do sth.意為“盡力、設法做某事”，強調付出一定的努力。 —try doing sth.意為“嘗試做某事”，但不一定付出很大努力。　 —(1)try構成的其他搭配： try on試穿 try ones best盡最大努力 (2)try作名詞，意為“嘗試”，have a try試一試 【考點搶測】 1．你想試試嗎？ Do you want to __have__ __a__ __try__？ 2．大明學習十分努力，并且他經常努力做出一些很難的問題。 Daming works hard and he often __tries__ __to__ work out some difficult problems. 3．在買它之前，你應該試穿它。 You should __try__ it __on__ before you buy it. ( B )4.(2016青海中考模擬)No one answers the front door.Lets try ________ at the back door to see if he is at home. A．knock　　B．knocking　　C．to knock 　enough的用法 【滿分點撥】 enough 作形容詞時，置于名詞前、后均可。 作副詞時，置于所修飾的形容詞、副詞之后。 【巧學妙記】 enough在句中的位置 修飾名詞很自由，可以前來也可后； 若是修飾形或副，一定后置要記住。 【溫馨提示】 enough to do sth.常與too…to或so…that進行句型轉換。 Tom isnt old enough to go to school. →Tom is too young to go to school. →Tom is so young that he cant go to school. 【考點搶測】 ( B )1.Im afraid I dont have ________ time to help you today. A．a lot B．enough C．plenty of D．lot of 2．沒問題，只要我有足夠的錢。 You bet，as long as I have __enough__ __money__. 3．他不夠富有不能送他的4個孩子去上學。 He wasnt rich __enough__ __to__ send his 4 children to go to school. 4．我也許努力得不夠。 I probably didnt try __hard__ __enough__. 　辨析how often，how long，how soon與how far 【滿分點撥】 how often 多久 一次 提問動作發(fā)生的頻率。 How often does he surf the Internet？他多久上一次網？ how long 多長 提問動作延續(xù)的時間長度或物體的長度。 How long do you live here？你住這里有多久了？ how soon 多久 提問動作將要發(fā)生的時間間隔。 How soon will his father come back？他爸爸將過多久回來呢？ how far 多遠 提問距離。 How far is it from here to the park？從這兒到公園多遠？ 【考點搶測】 1．我可以借這些書多長時間？ __How__ __long__ can I keep the books? 2．——你多久看電影一次？ ——一個月一次。 —__How__ __often__ do you go to the movies? —Once a month. ( C )3.(2016青海中考模擬)—________ will you be back from America? —In three weeks. A．How much　B．How long　C．How soon ( A )4.—________ is it from Wuhan to Nanjing? —About one thousand miles. A．How far　B．How long　C．How much ( C )5.—________ do you go shopping? —Three times a week. A．When B．How many C．How often D．How old 　常見頻度副詞的用法 【滿分點撥】 always/usually/often/sometimes/hardly/never這些副詞均表示頻度，在句中的位置一般在實義動詞之前，be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。其頻率大小如圖所示： always意為“總是；永遠”。語氣最強，指在一切時候，沒有例外。表示動作或狀態(tài)中間沒有間斷，其頻率為100%。如：The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽總是東升西落。 usually意為“通?！薄傲晳T于”，即很少有例外。指習慣性動作，頻度為90%，僅次于always，較often大，偶爾有間隔。如：He usually goes to bed at ten oclock.他通常10點鐘上床睡覺。 often意為“往往”“經?！?，不如usually那么頻繁，頻度為60%，語氣弱于always，側重動作發(fā)生的次數具有經常性，具體時間意味不強。如：He is often late for school.他上學經常遲到。 sometimes意為“有時”，表示動作偶爾發(fā)生，頻度為40%，可以位于句首，以示強調。如：Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way.他有時這樣做，有時那樣做。 hardly意為“幾乎不”，常和ever連用表示強調。如：I hardly ever go out these days.這些天我?guī)缀醪怀鲩T。 never意為“從不”，其頻率為零。如：My parents are never late for work.我父母上班從來不遲到。 【考點搶測】 ( A )1.—How often do you exercise? —________ ever.Because I am very busy with my work. A．Hardly B．Sometimes C．Always D．Usually 2．她在危難中總能保持冷靜、平靜和鎮(zhèn)靜。 She __always__ remains cool，calm and collected in a crisis. 3．她幾乎從不給我打電話。 She __hardly__ __ever__ calls me. 4．我爸爸從不抽煙。 My father __never__ smokes. 　decide v．決定；選定 【滿分點撥】 decide的用法 (1)decide的名詞是decision。 (2)decide to do sth.＝make a decision/make decisions to do sth.＝make up ones mind to do sth.“決定做某事”。 (3)decide not to do sth.“決定不做某事”。 (4)decide on“考慮后選定或決定”。 【一言辨異】 Weve decided to take a long vacation this summer but we havent made a decision about where to go yet.I hope my parents can decide on Dalian，because Id like to visit my aunt there.我們已經決定今年夏天度長假，但我們還沒有決定去哪兒。我希望父母可以決定去大連，因為我想去那兒看望我姑媽。 【考點搶測】 1．我們已經決定布魯斯當我們的新班長。 We have __decided__ __on__ Bruce to be our new monitor. ( B )2.Harry has decided ________ an online shop after graduating from school. A．open　　B．to open　　C．opened 　My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop.我的腿很酸，我想停下來。 【滿分點撥】 so…that…意為“如此……以至于……”，引導結果狀語從句。句中的so是副詞，常用來修飾形容詞或副詞。其常用結構有： so… that…so＋形容詞/副詞＋that從句—He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非?？?，以至于沒人能追上他。 so＋形容詞＋a/an＋可數名詞單數＋that從句—Tom is so helpful a boy that we all like him.湯姆是個如此樂于助人的男孩以至于我們大家都喜歡他。 so many/few/much/little＋名詞＋that從句—There was so much smoke that they could see nothing.濃煙密布，他們什么也看不見。 【歸納拓展】 so that意為“以便；為了”，引導目的狀語從句?？膳cin order that或(in order)to do替換。 He saved up his money so that he could go abroad for his summer holiday. ＝He saved up his money in order to go abroad for his summer holiday. 他把錢積蓄起來，以便暑假能出國度假。 【溫馨提示】 (1)當主句和從句的主語一致，且that從句是肯定句時，可用“enough to do sth.”來轉換。 He was so clever that he could understand what I said. →He was clever enough to understand what I said. 他很聰明，能理解我說的話。 (2)當主句和從句的主語一致，且that從句是否定句時，可用too…to…來替換。 He is so young that he cant go to school. →He is too young to go to school. 【考點搶測】 ( C )1.The film My Lucky Star(《非常幸運》) is ________ interesting ________ people become his fans in Microblog. A．such；that　　B．too；to　　C．so；that ( D )2.Mr.Brown worked day and night ________ he could make more money. A．because B．so C．in order D．so that ( B )3.The workers did ________ well that he was pleased with them. A．such　　B．so　　C．very　　D．quite 4．(2017西寧預測卷)馬龍訓練如此刻苦以至于他在里約奧運會上獲得金牌。 Ma Long trained __so__ hard __that__ he got the gold medal in Rio Olympic Games. 5．我的鬧鐘響鈴的聲音如此之大以至于總能把我叫醒。 My clock rings __so__ loudly __that__ it can certainly wake me up. 　It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows.通過使用互聯網或者看游戲類節(jié)目來放松不錯。 【滿分點撥】 句型It is＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.中，it作形式主語，而真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式短語。動詞不定式有邏輯主語時，常由“for/of＋sb.”構成。 It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth. 形容詞描述事物的特征、性質，如easy，useful，difficult，interesting，dangerous，important等。 It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 形容詞描述行為者的性格、品質，如kind，nice，polite，clever，friendly，careless等。 【一言辨異】 Its interesting for us to play games here in the park，but I think its impolite of us to make so much noise. 我們在公園里玩游戲是很有意思，但我覺得我們這么吵鬧是不禮貌的。 【考點搶測】 ( A )1.Its kind ______ you ______ help me with my English. A．of；to　　　　B．for；to　　　C．of；for ( B )2.________ easy for local people to choose various goods in Sunnyside Shopping Mall. A． That is B．Its C．This is ,?？荚掝}寫作指導 閑暇活動 ◆命題探索 從青海及全國近五年閑暇活動相關話題書面表達的命題來看，通常有以下三個角度的內容： 1．去某地參加某一社會實踐活動。如：2014武漢；2013襄陽。 2．介紹中學生的課余生活，涉及娛樂、運動、旅行等。如2015宜賓；2014泰州；2013西寧。 3．描述做某一事情的感受，一般為半命題作文，要求先點明主題，然后介紹原因等。如2013沈陽；2013溫州。 結合青?？记?，可以預測第二個考查角度幾率更大。以下以2013西寧為例： ◆亮點句型速成 1．示例：Playing the piano is my favorite activity in my spare time. 仿寫：簡在空閑時間最愛做的事情是看故事書。 __Reading__story__books__is__Janes__favorite__activity__in__her__spare__time.__ 2．示例：In my opinion，doing exercise in our free time is good for our health. 仿寫：在我看來，在空閑時間打乒乓球對我們的健康和視力有好處。 __In__my__opinion，playing__pingpong__in__our__free__time__is__good__for__our__health__and__eyesight.__ 3．示例：My parents are always busy with their work. 仿寫：我沒有時間運動，因為我總是忙于學業(yè)。 __I__have__no__time__to__do__exercise，because__Im__always__busy__with__my__study.__ 4．示例：We should do some other things to relax ourselves. 仿寫：我總是通過閱讀放松自己。 __I__always__relax__myself__by__doing__some__reading.__ (一)開頭句 1．I often help my parents do the housework on weekends. 2．In my opinion，doing more exercise is quite important. 3．Why is cooking fun？Here are two reasons. 4．There are many kinds of activities we can do during our free time. (二)中間句 5．When I am free，I will clean the room for them. 6．I always try to do many different kinds of things to make my life colorful. 7．I am confident in myself and I can do everything well. 8．I feed chickens，water flowers and ride horses. 9．So when I come back home early，Ill cook for them. (三)結尾句 10．In all，doing the housework is fun and useful. 11．How interesting it is！And I can learn a lot from it. 12．I like cooking.It brings me a lot of fun. ◆典例剖析 (2013西寧中考)近年，由教育部、國家體育總局、共青團中央聯合發(fā)起了“全國億萬青少年學生陽光體育運動”。你在學校參加了此項活動，請你配合此項活動以“Lets Do Sports”為題，寫一篇80詞左右的短文，要求包括以下要點： 1．運動帶給你的益處； 2．最喜歡的體育項目及原因； 3．號召大家一起來運動，強身健體。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【審題指導】細讀所給的文字提示，提取信息： 1．要點包含：介紹運動帶給你的益處；最喜歡的體育項目及原因；號召大家一起來運動。 2．談體育運動的好處，以第一、二人稱為主，時態(tài)為一般現在時。 3．詞數80詞左右。 【寫作導圖】 Lets Do SportsIntroduction—Doing sports is necessary. The reasons why we should do sports. About my favorite—Running is my favorite. The reason why I like it. What it brings to me. Conclusion—Come and run with us! 【范文點評】 Lets Do Sports ①I think doing sports is necessary.Sports can help us relax and concentrate on our studies better.Sports can make us grow well.Sports can bring us friends. ②Which sport do you like？Running is my favorite.At first，I went running to keep my body fit.Now，I find it fun and free.You can run anytime you feel like it.All you need is a pair of running shoes.You can see all kinds of scenes while running and stop at those that attract you to appreciate them. ③Havent you got a favorite sport？Stop hesitating！Come and run with us！ ①從三個方面介紹做運動的必要性。 ②介紹自己喜歡的運動及原因，運動的條件及好處。 ③發(fā)出號召，一起跑步。 【檢測菜單】 1．集中精力__concentrate__on__ 2．首先__at__first__ 3．使身體健康__keep__ones__body__fit/healthy__ 4．一雙__a__pair__of__ 5．各種各樣的__all__kinds__of__ ,中考熱點素材拓展 南海戰(zhàn)爭 As early as the 2nd century BCE，the Chinese people sailed in the South China Sea and discovered Nanhai Zhudao(the South China Sea Islands)． After World War Ⅱ，China restored(收復) the Xisha Qundao(Xisha Islands) and the Nansha Qundao (Nansha Islands) that were invaded(入侵，侵占) and illegally occupied by Japan. In February 1948，the Chinese government officially published the map of the administrative districts(行政區(qū)) of China including Nanhai Zhudao(the South China Sea Islands)． For a long time after that，no a single country ever challenged that Nanhai Zhudao (the South China Sea Islands) were Chinas territory.The Chinese government made a declaration(發(fā)表一個申明) on Chinas territorial sea in 1958，providing that the breadth of Chinas territorial sea is 12 nautical miles. Shi ChunWu，the dean of the research institute of the South China Sea，said whether in terms of historical or legal perspective，China is the only true owner of the Nansha Islands. ( A )1.When did the Chinese people discover Nanhai Zhudao? A．The 2nd century BCE. B．In 1948. C．In 1958. D．The 2nd century. ( C )2.When did the Chinese government publish the map of administrative districts of China including Nanhai Zhudao? A．In February，1958.　　B．In May，1958. C．In February，1948. D．In May，1948. ( C )3.How many countries agreed that Nanhai Zhudao were Chinas territory after 1948? A．None. B．The only country. C．All the countries. D．Some countries. ( B )4.When did the Chinese government make a declaration on Chinas territorial sea? A．In 1948.　　　　　B．In 1958. C．After World War Ⅱ. D．Sorry，I dont know. ( A )5.According to the passage，who is the only true owner of the Nansha Islands? A．China. B．Japan. C．America. D．The US.