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1、一、介紹與其重要性,句子是寫作的基本單位，只有寫好句子才有可能寫好文章。英語(yǔ)的句子成分有八種：,主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、 定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,學(xué)會(huì)判斷句子成分對(duì)以后學(xué)習(xí)難句奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 英語(yǔ)句子的構(gòu)成也有其特定的規(guī)律，掌握了句子 的基本句型、常見(jiàn)句式和詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣搭配， 就能寫出完整、正確的句子。,句子成分詳解表,英語(yǔ)的句子成分：,一） 主語(yǔ)： Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is no

2、t allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 二）謂語(yǔ)由_擔(dān)任。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.,動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,to do不定式,doing動(dòng)名詞,句子,My father is a professor.

3、Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. Three times five is fifteen. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.,三）表語(yǔ) 它的位置在_之后。是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的_,_, _的.,系動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞,性質(zhì),特征,狀態(tài),名詞

4、 n,代詞 pron,形容詞 adj,adj,介詞短語(yǔ),數(shù)詞,to do不定式,句子,（四）賓語(yǔ) 表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)一般放在_之后。_詞后也會(huì)跟賓語(yǔ)。,She covered her face with her hands. We havent seen her for a long time. Do you mind opening the window? Give me four please. He wants to dream a nice dream. We need know what others are doing. We should care more a

5、bout our friends.,動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),介詞,名詞 n,代詞 pron,動(dòng)名詞,代詞和數(shù)詞,to do不定式,句子,介詞+名詞,（五）定語(yǔ) 是修飾_詞.單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之_；短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之_。,They are woman workers. Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. Mary is a beautiful girl. The play has three acts. This is her first trip to Europe. China is a developin

6、g country. I have nothing to eat. Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.,名,前,后,名詞,名詞所有格,形容詞 adj,數(shù)詞,形容詞 /序數(shù)詞 /to do 不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞 doing,to do 不定式,從句,六）狀語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。,The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of th

7、e traffic jam . Well send a car to fetch you. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing. If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot.,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),原因狀語(yǔ),目的狀語(yǔ),結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),伴隨狀語(yǔ),條件狀語(yǔ),讓步狀語(yǔ),七）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞，除了要有賓語(yǔ)之外，還要加上賓

8、語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。,They elected me captain of the team. We try to make our country strong. We found everything in good order there. I should advise you to get the chance. I saw him going upstairs. They found the house broken in.,名詞,形容詞,介詞短語(yǔ),to do 不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞 doing,done 過(guò)去分詞,賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),八）主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 如果

9、上述結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，原賓語(yǔ)成為主語(yǔ)，原賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)相應(yīng)地變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),I was elected captain of the team. Our country will be made strong.,與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一樣,口訣記憶,主謂賓表定狀補(bǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明同位語(yǔ)。 句子主干主謂賓（表），輔助成分定狀補(bǔ)。 定語(yǔ)修飾名詞代，狀修動(dòng)詞還有副。 主謂人稱數(shù)一致，賓語(yǔ)之后常有補(bǔ)。,二.五種簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型,主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞,不及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞,主語(yǔ)+系+表語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ),1）Our city is at the crossi

10、ng of some important railways. 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) 2）The city will become rich. 主語(yǔ) 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ) 在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動(dòng)詞是： “變化”類：_. “感官”類: _. “持續(xù)”類：_. 其他：（似乎）_ _ (證明是)_,get/ become/ turn/grow/go,taste/ smell/ feel/look/sound,stay/ keep/remain,Seem appear,turn out/ prove(to be),1主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(yǔ),Exercises,你的故事聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣。_. 把魚(yú)放在冰箱里，否則

11、它會(huì)變壞的。_. 這種炎熱的天氣將會(huì)保持幾天。_. 這個(gè)計(jì)劃證明是可行的。_.,You story sounded very interesting.,Put the fish into fridge, or they will go bad.,The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.,The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical.,2主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ),1）Building has started. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 2）The train leaves at 7:40. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) _搭配：The tea

12、cher teaches well. The child walks very slowly. _搭配： The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.,動(dòng)詞副詞,動(dòng)詞介詞,Exercise,我每天起的很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。 _,Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.,3主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ),The boss employed five more workers. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) My brother takes

13、 care of the vegetable garden. Few students like taking exams. He forgot to close the door. I hope I can speak English fluently.,Exercise,他因?yàn)檐囎娱_(kāi)得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。_. 他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。_. 他許諾給我一個(gè)禮物。_.,He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.,He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.,He promised to g

14、ive me a gift.,4主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ),1）He has fetched us some new textbooks. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) 2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ) 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject. 4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.,可接雙賓語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有： ask, answer, give, offer, send, brin

15、g, pass, tell, show, teach, promise,順便問(wèn)一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？_. 下學(xué)期誰(shuí)教你們生物？_. Mr. White告訴我為什么他要出國(guó)。_.,By the way, has she paid you money?,Who will teach you biology?,Mr. White told me why he went abroad.,5主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 2）I will keep the box in the shade. 3）We found him a very good pupil. 4）She let me stay in the company.,Exercise,他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈。_. 我建議他多讀點(diǎn)書(shū)。_. 他修了機(jī)器。_. 我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。_.,He always keeps his room clean,I suggest him reading more books.,He had his machine repaired.,We made him monitor.,