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模式2| 設(shè)空在段中 考查要點(diǎn) (1)段落主題句：有時(shí)段落首句只是引語(yǔ)，接下來(lái)的語(yǔ)句才是段落主題句。 (2)解釋、引申、例證類語(yǔ)句：對(duì)前面的論點(diǎn)或觀點(diǎn)加以解釋、引申或例證。 (3)建議性語(yǔ)句：作者提出的解決問題的方法、措施或步驟。 (4)句子間的過渡語(yǔ)句：為使上下文語(yǔ)意承接、轉(zhuǎn)換自然，作者加入的過渡語(yǔ)句。 1.段落主題句 [考題回放] (2016全國(guó)丙卷)There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices (調(diào)料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.) Then，its ready to serve. B．The easiest is to steam it. [思路分析]　段落首句說“魚有很多普通做法”并不是主題句，根據(jù)空格后面“如何蒸魚”的介紹可知，空格內(nèi)的句子“最簡(jiǎn)單的(方法)是蒸魚”才是本段的主題句。 2．解釋、引申、例證 [考題回放] (2016全國(guó)丙卷)Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 36 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult.37.It just requires a little knowledge. This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. [思路分析]　空格內(nèi)的句子是對(duì)前句的進(jìn)一步解釋，空格前說“人人都知道吃魚有益健康”，空格內(nèi)的句子解釋原因是“人們認(rèn)為魚的脂肪有助于預(yù)防心臟病”。 3．方法、措施、步驟 [考題回放] (2014全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think shes crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？” “If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？” F．We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. [思路分析]　根據(jù)39空后面的幾個(gè)問題我們很容易判斷出，家長(zhǎng)可以采取的方法是利用故事書中的人物教育孩子，引導(dǎo)孩子學(xué)會(huì)揣摩別人的心思。 4．句間過渡語(yǔ)句 [考題回放] (2014北京高考)Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it. F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view. [思路分析]　F項(xiàng)與本段主題句Watch for misleading language.相吻合，句中的also很好地銜接了前一句話，同時(shí)從意思上也為下文做了很好的過渡。 A (2016鄭州市第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)) Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments.Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology(心理學(xué))．Before beginning a study，however，any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method. 1 ◆Form a hypothesis(假設(shè))．It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study. 2 Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment. ◆Plan out a study.Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time，materials，and testing areas prepared beforehand.This step also helps the scientists to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research.The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research. 3 Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data. ◆Collect data. 4 If the data collected is not recorded and organized，the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost. ◆Analyze the data.Once all the data has been collected and organized，it must be analyzed.Using previous research or scientific information about the problem，the psychologist must apply the new data gathered. ◆Publish the information learned.The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study. 5 Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals. A．It is based on scientific facts，not just opinions. B．Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology. C．Before psychologists start the experiment，they must plan out the steps. D．This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information. E．The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research. F．To fully understand the study，each part of the experiment must be recorded. G．Sometimes，however，this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used. 本文是一篇說明文。主要闡明了如何在心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用科學(xué)的方法。 1．B　[根據(jù)空前的“the scientific method”可知，選B項(xiàng)，用來(lái)指明如何在心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中使用科學(xué)的方法。] 2．A　[根據(jù)本段第一句“Form a hypothesis(假設(shè))．”以及空后的“Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment.”可知，本段主要闡述了心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的第一步：形成一個(gè)假設(shè)，以科學(xué)事實(shí)而不僅僅是觀點(diǎn)為根據(jù)。故A項(xiàng)正確。] 3．G　[空前的“to always perform experimental research”與G項(xiàng)中的“this”相對(duì)應(yīng)；空后的“Descriptive research”與G選項(xiàng)中的“descriptive research”相對(duì)應(yīng)，用以闡明描述性研究的特點(diǎn)，故G項(xiàng)正確。] 4．F　[根據(jù)空后的“If the data collected is not recorded and organized，the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.”以及“record the proceedings”可以判斷，空處闡述的是將數(shù)據(jù)記錄下來(lái)的重要性，故F項(xiàng)正確。] 5．D　[根據(jù)該段首句“Publish the information learned.”可知，該段主要闡述將實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論公開出版，故選D，這有助于其他心理學(xué)家學(xué)習(xí)和使用新的信息。] 【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：90892009】 B (2016河北省“五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟”檢測(cè)) How to Be Creative Most of us think that creativity is a quality belonging only to artists，writers，or dancers，rather than ourselves. 6 The following tips are a great beginning for developing our creativity. Get out of your comfort zone We eagerly accept the familiar and fear the unknown.Break out of your usual patterns and welcome creativity into your life.As stated earlier，the human brain was designed to recognize patterns. 7 In fact，our comfort zone is nothing more than a collection of patterns.As we become more efficient at recognizing and using patterns，we rely less on creativity to find new paths.We should force ourselves out of our comfort zones and open up new possibilities. Try different things If you always do what youve always done，youll always get what youve always got.We are creatures of habits and routines，and creativity hates routines.If you usually drive to work，take the subway for a few days. 8 Interrupt your routine，experiment and try something new.New things are often creative，but the same old thing never is. 9 Having a great idea is not enough; you must work to make it a reality.Have you ever seen a new product and realized that you thought of the same thing long ago? Yet someone else is making money with “your” idea. 10 The difference between a dreamer and a doer is action.Do whatever it takes to bring your ideas to life.If you can put them into practice，you are well on your way to improving your creativity in all areas of your life. A．Take action B．Seek several options C．Think from the other persons point of view. D．If you normally eat in the office，have lunch under a tree. E．The truth is that we are all born with the capacity to be creative. F．We continue to create patterns and routines for almost everything we do. G．We all have great ideas sometimes，but only a few people turn their ideas into realities. 本文主要介紹了一些培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力的技巧。 6．E　[根據(jù)空后的“The following tips are a great beginning for developing our creativity.”可知，事實(shí)上，我們是天生有創(chuàng)造力的，問題是如何開發(fā)這些創(chuàng)造力，所以選E項(xiàng)。] 7．F　[根據(jù)上下文的“Break out of your usual patterns”“to recognize patterns”和“a collection of patterns”可知，應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)。] 8．D　[根據(jù)空前的一句和空后的“Interrupt your routine，experiment and try something new.”可推知，我們應(yīng)有所創(chuàng)新，打破常規(guī)，因此選D項(xiàng)。] 9．A　[根據(jù)下文的“The difference between a dreamer and a doer is action.”可知，有了夢(mèng)想后，最重要的是要立即行動(dòng)，所以選A項(xiàng)。] 10．G　[根據(jù)上文中的“Having a great idea is not enough；you must work to make it a reality.”與下文中的“The difference between a dreamer and a doer is action.”可知，應(yīng)選G項(xiàng)，G項(xiàng)起承上啟下的作用。]