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專題五　閱讀理解之詞義和句義猜測(cè)題 [限時(shí)15分鐘] A (2016四川)If you could have one superpower, what would it be? Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life. Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world. They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others. We’re not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor.Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, seeking after your dreams.But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause.Whatever you do, don’t be a bystander.Get involved.You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you’re older.But why not start now? Our own experience working together on health, development, and energy the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding parts of our lives.It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead. [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　什么才是我們生活中重要的東西呢？本文鼓勵(lì)人們奉獻(xiàn)自己的一些時(shí)間和精力去幫助別人，給他人的生活帶來(lái)改變，這樣我們的世界會(huì)變得更美好，我們的人生才更有價(jià)值。 1．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Your life style.　　　　 B．Your life value. C．Your trouble in life. D．Your life experience. 解析　推理判斷題。畫(huà)線的句子意為“什么是你生活中重要的東西”，結(jié)合下文中的“to improve the world”“the power to make a difference in the lives of others”等內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)出，這樣做體現(xiàn)了生命的價(jià)值，故選B項(xiàng)。 答案　B 2．Why does the author say they are inspired every day? A．They possess different kinds of superpowers. B．They have got the power to change the world. C．Some people around them are making the world better. D．There are many powerful people in their life and work. 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world”可知，C項(xiàng)與此處意義一致，improve the world與make the world better同義，故選C項(xiàng)。 答案　C 3．What does the author stress in Paragraph 5? A．Learning more and contributing more to a cause. B．Rising above self and acting to help others. C．Working hard to get a bigger opportunity. D．Trying your best to help the poor. 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself”“Volunteer...”以及“don’t be a bystander, Get involved...”可知B項(xiàng)正確。 答案　B 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better. B．Much more progress will be made in the near future. C．The work on health is the most valuable experience. D．People’s efforts have been materially rewarded. 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句話中的“fuel our optimism about how much the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead”可以推斷出A項(xiàng)正確。 答案　A B (2016天津)When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all, he was happier.Far happier. These are the findings of a 40year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力)and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant, the psychologist(心理學(xué)家)who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.” Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47.Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores.Points were awarded for parttime jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems. The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working-at any age-is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence-the underpinnings(基礎(chǔ))of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn’t everything.As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.” [語(yǔ)篇解讀]　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。父母是孩子第一任老師，從小就培養(yǎng)孩子的適應(yīng)能力，孩子長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)受益匪淺。 5．What do we know about John? A．He enjoyed his career and marriage. B．He had few childhood playmates. C．He received little love from his family. D．He was envied by others in his childhood. 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all, he was happier.Far happier.”可知John熱愛(ài)他的事業(yè)和婚姻。故選A。其他三項(xiàng)均不符合題意。 答案　A 6．Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as________. A．a(chǎn) description of personal values and social values B．a(chǎn)n analysis of how work was related to competence C．a(chǎn)n example for parents’ expectations of their children D．a(chǎn)n explanation why some boys grew into happy men 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.”可知Vaillant在本段中所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)為什么有些男孩成長(zhǎng)為快樂(lè)男人的一種解釋。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。 答案　D 7．Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by________. A．recording the boys’ effort in school B．evaluating the men’s mental health C．comparing different sets of scores D．measuring the men’s problem solving ability 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores.”可知答案為C項(xiàng)。 答案　C 8．What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A．Quick to react. B．Having a thin edge. C．Clear and definite. D．Sudden and rapid. 解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。通讀本段內(nèi)容可知，男人在童年時(shí)所做的一切與成年后該如何發(fā)展其中的關(guān)系是清楚的，明顯的。sharp“明顯的”與clear and definite同義。故選C。 答案　C 9．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Competent adults know more about love than work. B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life. C．Love brings more joy to people than work does. D．Independence is the key to one’s success. 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence－the underpinnings(基礎(chǔ))of emotional health.”及“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”可知，情感健康對(duì)于精彩人生是極其重要的。故選B。 答案　B