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課時(shí)14 書面表達(dá)（二）-申請(qǐng)信 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted， new research suggests. In the study， researchers looked at about 1，900 schoolchildren. The scientists found that the kids who had been instructed to spend more time outdoors over three years were 23 percent less likely to develop nearsightedness during this time than those who had not been instructed to spend more time outdoors. Moreover， among the kids who did become nearsighted during the study， the degree to which their eyesight worsened was slightly smaller among those who spent more time outdoors. The researchers selected six schools and required the children， whose average age was 7 at the start of the study， to attend one additional 60minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years. The parents of these children were also encouraged to engage their children in outdoor activities after school， especially during weekends and holidays. The other half of the children， from another six schools， continued their usual activity patterns. After three years， 30.4 percent of the kids in the intervention(干預(yù)) group had become nearsighted， compared with 38.5 percent of the kids in the other group. It is not clear exactly why spending more time outside would benefit childrens eyesight， the researchers said. However， some researches have suggested that the higher levels of light intensity found outdoors may increase the release of the chemical dopamine(多巴胺) of the eye. In turn， dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness. Based on the new results， the researchers recommend that children spend more time outdoors because of the potential benefits to their eyesight. However， its important to protect kids skin and eyes from UV light， which can be damaging. [語篇解讀]　本文為說明文?？茖W(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)戶外活動(dòng)能減少孩子患近視的概率。 1.What did the children in the intervention group do during each school day？ A.Attend an extra class of outdoor activities. B.Continue to do their usual activities. C.Spend one hour in doing eye exercises. D.Participate in outdoor activities with parents. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“required the children... to attend one additional 60minute class of outdoor activities during each school day for three years”可知，這一組的孩子每個(gè)教學(xué)日都額外上一節(jié)為時(shí)一個(gè)小時(shí)的戶外活動(dòng)課。 答案：A 2.What can be inferred about the chemical dopamine？ A.It can contribute to poor sight. B.It can damage peoples brain. C.It is beneficial to eyesight. D.It means low levels of light intensity. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“In turn，dopamine is known to restrain the type of growth in the eye that is associated with nearsightedness”可知多巴胺對(duì)視力是有好處的。 答案：C 3.What may be discussed in the following paragraph？ A.How to design outdoor activities for kids. B.How to prevent kids becoming nearsighted. C.How to protect kids skin and eyes from UV light. D.How to encourage kids to join in outdoor activities. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“its important to protect kids skin and eyes from UV light”可推知，接下來作者很可能會(huì)講怎樣保護(hù)孩子的皮膚和眼睛免受紫外線的傷害。 答案：C 4.Which can serve as the best title for the passage？ A.The More Time Outdoors， the Better B.Kids May See Better if They Play Outside C.Its Time to Engage Kids in Outdoor Activities D.Researchers Found a Cure for Nearsightedness 解析：考查主旨要義。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段中的“Children who spend more time outdoors may have a lower risk of becoming nearsighted”可知，本文主要講的是在戶外活動(dòng)比較多的孩子患近視的概率較小。故B項(xiàng)最能概括文章的大意。 答案：B B Mini Riser—Attractive， Compact， Adjustable Laptop Stand PRICE： $10.95 KEY FEATURES： * A compact， stylish laptop riser designed for laptops. * Open design lets air flow under the laptop and positions the keyboard at a comfortable angle. * Adjustable width will support iPads， netbooks， up to 17″ laptops. * Strong. * Stable. Every time we slipped out to our local coffee shop to remove a creative jam， the coffee was hot and so were the laptops. Other risers were too big to carry along， so we created our own. We call it the Mini Riser. A supercompact and stylish riser designed for people using laptops. The Mini Riser allows air to pass under your laptop (1.8 inches of lift)， and supports the keyboard at a more comfortable angle. The small， open profile makes it easy to put into your laptop case or just carry along. You can adjust the heavy， bendable wire to fit your laptop by stretching or compressing the legs as needed. Everything stays in one place， and it is strong enough to support up to 35 pounds (15.9 kilograms). INCLUDES： 2 blue Mini Risers and a printed guide showing you how to use and adjust them. Thats enough for you and a friend， for home and work， or an extra just in case. Learn more about using and adjusting the Mini Riser with these videos： USING A MINI RISER (Click here) HOW TO ADJUST A MINI RISER (Click here) [語篇解讀]　本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了一款適合筆記本電腦使用者的袖珍型提升架。 5.Who is the passage especially helpful for？ A.People who are in fashion. B.People who like carrying small bags. C.People who drink coffee often. D.People who use laptops. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文中的“A supercompact and stylish riser designed for people using laptops”可知，這種提升架是為筆記本電腦使用者設(shè)計(jì)的。故D項(xiàng)正確。 答案：D 6.What can we know about the Mini Riser？ A.It is so strong as to support nearly 35 pounds. B.Its width is adjustable to support 21″ laptops. C.It cant hold both the laptop and table tightly. D.It can easily lift the laptops up to 1.7 inches. 解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中的“Everything stays in one place， and it is strong enough to support up to 35 pounds (15.9 kilograms)”可知，袖珍型提升架足夠結(jié)實(shí)，能支撐起多達(dá)35磅的重量。故選A項(xiàng)。 答案：A 7.Where can you read this text？ A.In an exhibition guide. B.In a science magazine. C.On a shopping website. D.In a business newspaper. 解析：考查文章出處。根據(jù)文中出現(xiàn)兩次的“Click here”及文章內(nèi)容尤其是“$10.95”可知，本文最有可能出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)購(gòu)物網(wǎng)站上。故選C項(xiàng)。 答案：C Ⅱ.完形填空 One winter Sunday， my little sister， Colleen， and I built the greatest snowman ever. For __1__， we gave him a traditional carrot nose， beautiful hat， cozy scarf and gloves. The next morning， __2__ outside， we smiled adoringly at him over our cornflakes at breakfast. We even expressed our __3__ to him as we passed on our way to school. Many kids went past our house， so he was the hot __4__ that morning. After school， my sister and I __5__ shared our professional snowmanbuilding tips and techniques again with other kids. But as our yard came into __6__， we saw something that wasnt __7__—our snowman was crushed. __8__ sad， we knew one thing： Our snowman would __9__ again. And so we rebuilt him， but the next day we came home to __10__ find the remains on the front lawn. For the rest of the week， the __11__ was repeated daily. Each afternoon wed __12__ to find him crushed， and then we would build him up again. By Saturday morning， we had made a __13__. We filled a really big bucket with water and left it outside. The next morning， it was frozen __14__. After we packed snow all around the ice block for the base， we __15__ ourselves. Then we soon saw what we were __16__. Three bullies (欺凌弱小者) in my school came over to our snowman and sneered (譏笑). Then taking their places on either side， they pulled back their legs to __17__ powerful kicks. But when their feet connected with the hard ice block， sneers turned to surprise， then __18__， and then tears. We came close to feeling __19__， but they were too funny as they hopped away holding their __20__ feet. We couldnt stop laughing. And that was the end of our problems with snow bullies. [語篇解讀]　本文為記敘文。作者和妹妹堆了一個(gè)雪人，然而雪人總是被人毀壞，使得作者和妹妹不得不一次次地重堆雪人。 1.A.function　　　　　　　　　　 B.performance C.personality D.curiosity 解析：根據(jù)后文中的“we gave him a traditional carrot nose，beautiful hat，cozy scarf and gloves”可知，此處表示的應(yīng)是為了(彰顯)個(gè)性(personality)。 答案：C 2.A.walking B.looking C.playing D.reading 解析：根據(jù)后文中的“we smiled adoringly at him over our cornflakes at breakfast”可知，此處指的應(yīng)是在吃早飯的時(shí)候我們向外看(looking)。 答案：B 3.A.greetings B.regrets C.prayers D.thanks 解析：根據(jù)語境，此處表示我們甚至還跟雪人打招呼(greetings)。 答案：A 4.A.hero B.theme C.topic D.subject 解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，因?yàn)橛泻芏嗪⒆訌淖髡叩募议T口經(jīng)過，所以這個(gè)雪人成了那天早上的熱點(diǎn)話題(topic)。 答案：C 5.A.purposefully B.immediately C.casually D.generously 解析：此處表示放學(xué)后，作者和妹妹再次慷慨地(generously)和其他孩子分享專業(yè)的堆雪人的技巧。 答案：D 6.A.effect B.sight C.force D.existence 解析：由后文的“saw”可知，此處表示的應(yīng)是當(dāng)我們的院子出現(xiàn)在眼前的時(shí)候。come into sight“出現(xiàn)在眼前”，符合語境。 答案：B 7.A.reasonable B.practical C.natural D.normal 解析：由后文的內(nèi)容可知，此處指我們注意到一些不正常的(normal)事情，即雪人被毀了。 答案：D 8.A.Unless B.Though C.Since D.Whether 解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，此處指盡管我們很傷心，但我們知道一件事，那就是我們的雪人會(huì)再次被堆起來。故此處應(yīng)用Though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 答案：B 9.A.rise B.operate C.disappear D.fall 解析：參見上題解析。下文的“we rebuilt him”是提示。 答案：A 10.A.yet B.still C.even D.ever 解析：由下文的“find the remains on the front lawn”可知，此處指第二天回家時(shí)，我們?nèi)匀?still)在草坪上發(fā)現(xiàn)了雪人的殘余部分。 答案：B 11.A.message B.exercise C.destruction D.program 解析：由上下文的內(nèi)容可知，此處指在那一周接下來的幾天里，雪人每天都被毀(destruction)。 答案：C 12.A.return B.manage C.intend D.challenge 解析：根據(jù)上文的“After school”和“came home”可知，此處指每天下午我們回來(return)都會(huì)看到雪人被毀，然后我們會(huì)把它重新堆起來。 答案：A 13.A.prediction B.compromise C.plan D.promise 解析：根據(jù)下文的“We filled a really big bucket with water and left it outside...”可知，此處表示我們制訂了一個(gè)計(jì)劃(plan)。 答案：C 14.A.solid B.cold C.huge D.superior 解析：根據(jù)下文中的“hard ice block”及常識(shí)可知，冬天把一桶水放在室外一夜后，水會(huì)凍成堅(jiān)硬的冰塊。故用solid“堅(jiān)硬的，固體的”。 答案：A 15.A.dressed B.trained C.hid D.pushed 解析：根據(jù)上下文和常識(shí)可知，我們應(yīng)是藏起來看究竟發(fā)生了什么事以及我們的計(jì)劃實(shí)施得如何。故用hid。 答案：C 16.A.waiting for B.working out C.making for D.bringing out 解析：此處指我們很快看到了我們一直等待(waiting for)著的事情。 答案：A 17.A.improve B.master C.pretend D.deliver 解析：由空后的“powerful kicks”可知，此處應(yīng)選deliver“給予(打擊等)，投擲”。 答案：D 18.A.laughter B.confusion C.tension D.pain 解析：根據(jù)上文中的“hard ice block”和空后的“and then tears”可知，此處指這些人踢到堅(jiān)硬的冰塊后，譏笑變成了驚訝，隨后是疼痛(pain)，然后是眼淚。 答案：D 19.A.proud B.sorry C.grateful D.embarrassed 解析：由后文的“but they were too funny”可知，此處表示我們差一點(diǎn)就覺得抱歉(sorry)了，但是當(dāng)他們托著受傷的(damaged)腳跳著離開時(shí)，他們的樣子實(shí)在是太滑稽了，因此我們禁不住大笑起來。come close to doing“差點(diǎn)做某事”。 答案：B 20.A.bare B.damaged C.disabled D.back 解析：參見上題解析。 答案：B