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專(zhuān)題十　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) ,青海五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì) 編者按：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是青海中考必考點(diǎn)，主要涉及過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)。其中過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)考查頻率最高，其次為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。以單項(xiàng)選擇中考查時(shí)態(tài)的用法居多。所以，考生要重點(diǎn)掌握六種時(shí)態(tài)的基本用法和構(gòu)成，也要掌握時(shí)態(tài)的判斷方法。尤其是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法，重點(diǎn)掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。 第一節(jié)　時(shí)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成 ,青海中考重難點(diǎn)突破 【滿分點(diǎn)撥】 1．動(dòng)詞的五種基本形式變化表 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五種基本形式，即動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)(現(xiàn)在式)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。 形式 構(gòu)成 例詞 動(dòng)詞原形 沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)任何變形，就是詞典中一般給出的形式。 be，do，have，come 第三人稱 單數(shù) 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加s。 work—works read—reads 以s，o，x，z，sh，ch結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，后加es。 go—goes wash—washes 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加es。 fly—flies study—studies 過(guò)去式與 過(guò)去分詞 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ed。 work—worked stay—stayed 在以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后只加d。 close—closed like—liked 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)將y改為i再加ed。 study—studied carry—carried 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)此輔音字母再加ed。 stop—stopped plan—planned 續(xù)表 形式 構(gòu)成 例詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 一般在動(dòng)詞原形后直接加ing。 sleep—sleeping wait—waiting 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加ing。 smile—smiling move—moving 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，雙寫(xiě)此輔音字母再加ing。 sit—sitting dig—digging plan—planning 少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y，再加ing。 die—dying lie—lying 常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 短暫性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 have closed/opened have been closed/open have died have been dead have left have been away have begun/started have been on have finished/ended have been over have become have been have borrowed have kept have bought have had have joined have been a member of/ have been in have left sp. have been away from sp. have fallen asleep have been asleep have put on have worn have caught/got a cold have had a cold have got to know have known .常見(jiàn)六種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法 種類(lèi) 意義 構(gòu)成特點(diǎn) 時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞 例句 備注 一般 現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作； 2.目前的狀態(tài)； 3.客觀真理。 be用am/is/are；主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，作謂語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞詞尾加s/es；其他人稱和數(shù)用動(dòng)詞原形。 often，sometimes，usually，always，twice a month，on Sundays，every week/month/ year…(every系列) He usually leaves for school at 7 in the morning.他經(jīng)常早上7點(diǎn)去學(xué)校。The moon moves around the earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。 一般 過(guò)去時(shí) 1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作； 2.過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。 be用was/were；其他動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。 just now，… ago，in 1980， last night/week/ month…(last系列)，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to We went to the History Museum last Monday.上周一我們?nèi)チ藲v史博物館。 I was busy yesterday.我昨天很忙。 一般 將來(lái)時(shí) 1.將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作； 2.將來(lái)存在的狀態(tài)。 1.助動(dòng)詞will (shall)＋動(dòng)詞原形； 2.am/is/are going to＋動(dòng)詞原形。 tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next year/week/month/ term…(next系列) I will meet you at the school gate tomorrow.明天早上我將在校門(mén)口見(jiàn)你。 Ill be 15 next week.下周我就15歲了。 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí) 說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 am/is/are＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。 now，at present，at the moment，look，listen The telephone is ringing.Could you answer it，please？電話響了，你可以接聽(tīng)一下嗎？ 表示位置移動(dòng)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，如：come，go，leave等詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 過(guò)去 進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去某一階段或某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 was/were＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。 at 1：00 last night，at that moment，表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。 I was reading when he came in.當(dāng)他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，我正在讀書(shū)。He was always complaining about something.他總是抱怨一些事情。 在復(fù)合句中，如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，那么延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，通常在when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)。 現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí) 1.到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作；對(duì)現(xiàn)在還有影響； 2.從過(guò)去開(kāi)始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 have/has＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。 yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years He has only been to the Great Wall once.他去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城一次。 I have been in the Youth Volunteers for five years.我來(lái)到青年志愿者有五年了。 1.since后面的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；2.短暫性動(dòng)詞不與一段時(shí)間連用。如果要與一般時(shí)間連用必須換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(見(jiàn)上表) 考點(diǎn)搶測(cè)】 ( B )1.(2016武漢中考)—Who is that lady? —Shes Miss Green.She ________ us music，and she is so good. A．taught　　　　　B．teaches C．will teach D．is teaching ( B )2.(2016北京中考)—Where did you go last weekend? —I ________ to the Great Wall. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone ( B )3.(2016上海中考)Last week Vivian ________ a dress for her mother with her firstmonth salary. A．buy B．bought C．will buy D．would buy ( B )4.(2016河北中考)Oh no！I ________ my book in the lab. A．leave B．left C．will leave D．was leaving ( B )5.(2016河南中考)—There is someone knocking at the door. —It must be the computer repairman.I ________________________________________________________________________ him to come to fix my computer. A．call B．have called C．called D．will call ( C )6.We make it a rule that each of us________the bedroom one day a week. A．has cleaned　　　　B．have cleaned C．cleans ( C )7.Mr.Green，a famous writer，________ our school next week. A．visited B．visits C．will visit ( C )8.The last time I________to the cinema was two years ago. A．go B．have gone C．went ( C )9.Look，some people________photos on the beach. A．took B．takes C．a(chǎn)re taking ( B )10.My brother________books at that moment. A．read B．was reading C．will read ( C )11.(2016青海中考模擬)I________Mr.Smith since he moved to Shanghai. A．didnt hear from B．dont hear from C．havent heard from