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Period 6 Reading and Writing Teaching goals 教學目標 1. Target language目標語言 重點句式 Living ... has bad effects on... One is a large classroom with all... 2. Ability goals 能力目標 Enable the Ss to write a report to the company that built Saturation City. 3. Learning ability goals 學能目標 Help the Ss learn how to write a report to the company that built Saturation City. Teaching important ＆ difficult points教學重難點 Help the Ss find out the style of writing a report. Teaching methods教學方法 Discussion and cooperation. Teaching aids教具準備 A computer and a projector. Teaching procedures ＆ ways教學過程與方式 Writing style Help the Ss find out the writing style of report by analyzing the text “Rising to a Challenge”. Summarize the basic points on the screen. How to write a report? Structure The first paragraph (why you write a report) Body (your own ideas on the item) Conclusion (how you think it will help) A sample version: Report About Entertainment on No.4 Floating Island, Saturation City The wonderful facilities in the entertainment center of No.4 Floating Island, Saturation City, mean that the company can offer a full and perfect programme of entertainments. There are all kinds of entertainments of all aspects so that everyone will be able to fully enjoy themselves. All entertainments are offered. If you go to the entertainment center, you can have the chance to practise dancing, singing, and playing musical instruments. Of course, you have the chance to enjoy wonderful concerts by different singers, such as pop concerts, classical concerts and operas. And also you can enjoy the latest films and TV operas. The company will organize some perfect performances. We will offer permanent band to play for dancing every night. Also we will invite different stage companies to come to our entertainment center to give wonderful plays. We hope that these programmes and facilities will help you relax yourselves. We hope that you will come and try our entertainment center for yourselves. 附 件 文化背景知識 TIME TRAVEL Shaping the future The idea of traveling forward into the future or back into the past has always fascinated science fiction writers. The “grandfather paradox” is the argument that many people use to suggest that time travel is impossible. What if you went back in time and prevented your grandfather from meeting your grandmother so that your mother was never born? Then you would never have been born ... and so on. Until very recently such arguments led most scientists to believe that time travel could never exist outside science fiction. But amazingly, some interpretations of the weirdness of the quantum world now suggest that time travel is possible — at least in theory. Gravity and black holes Einstein’s theory of relativity brought space and time together in a single, four-dimensional arrange-ment that he called space-time. We know that we can travel forwards, backwards and sideways in space, so why not forwards and backwards in time? Four dimensions are difficult to imagine, so physicists usually suggest you think of space-time as a rubber sheet stretched out flat. If there are no large masses around, the sheet stays flat, and so any object placed on it will move around in straight lines. But a large mass, such as the sun, makes a dip in the sheet because it actually warps space-time. Now any other object with smaller mass, like our earth, moving about in space-time rolls into the dip as it comes past the sun. It appears “attracted” to the large mass. This effect of warping space-time is what gives rise to gravity. The Universe is full of heavy objects exerting gravitational effects and the net result is that space-time is not flat at all but curved. Everything, including light, has to follow curved paths in space-time. We know Einstein was right about this because astronomers can sometimes see distant stars that ought to be masked by nearer objects such as the sun. Instead of traveling in straight lines and hence being blocked, the light from the stars bends round the obstruction. When a star reaches the end of its life it mat collapse inwards under the influence of its own gravity to such an extent that all its matter becomes concentrated into an extremely dense object, a fraction of its original size. This is a black hole. Black holes have such a huge gravitational pull that nothing can escape from them, not even light. We cannot see them but we have good evidence that they are being pulled about by a nearby invisible object with enormous mass. What does a black hole do to space-time? Relativity predicts that at the center of a black hole is an infinitely dense point, called a singularity, within which all the normal laws of physics no longer apply. Time, space, matter and energy no longer have any well-defined meaning. Einstein’s equations show that such a singularity doesn’t just make a dip in the imaginary rubber sheet of space- time, it makes a tunnel that goes right through and momentarily opens out on the other side. Where is “the other side”? It could be somewhere else in space-time, either in the future or in the past, or it could even be in another Universe! Supposedly it was Derwood’s Time lords who first harnessed the power of a black hole to begin their experiments in time travel. If you could take a space trip through such a tunnel, or wormhole, you would have discovered the secret of time travel. This is of course impossible with today’s technology. But in the future, who knows? Many worlds, many futures? To return to the question that has puzzled thinkers since Newton’s day, is the future preordained? Or are there a quantum world suggests that not only are there an infinite number of futures? One way of looking at the quantum world suggests that not only are realized in an infinite number of universes. Photons and electrons sometimes behave as waves and sometimes as particles, but never both at the same time. So far, the argument for interference between one universe and another applies only to events occurring at the quantum level. But the idea of parallel universes provides a possible resolution to the “grandfather paradox” that might otherwise cause problems for time travelers. If we travel back in time and change history, we launch ourselves into a new future in a parallel universe — but we have no effect on the present one from which we started out. Scientists of the future may well pursue a new form of futuristic technology based on quantum effects. Such applications could include quantum teleportation, by which a quantum particle can be teleported from one point in space to another; and quantum computation, where calculations can be carried out which would take many years on a conventional computer. Although we now know how to measure time very accurately, have we come any nearer to answering the basic question “What is time?”. Pleiades The Pleiades is known as the Seven Sisters and Messier 45. It is roughly 500 light years from Earth. There are actually about two hundred and fifty to five hundred thousand stars with this cluster that have been counted including the 7 major ones that have been known throughout antiquity. The cluster contains thousands of stars, of which only a handful can be seen by naked eyes. The stars in the Pleiades are thought to have formed together around 100 million years ago, making them 1/50th the age of our sun, and they lie some 130 parsecs (425 light years) away.