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1、高考第一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題定語從句,(Attributive clause),定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語,1.定語從句：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，(一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。) 2.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系詞 關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。,定語從句分類,定語從句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定語從句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定語從句,一.限制性定

2、語從句的構(gòu)成,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables I visited the school where I studied. The day came at last when I went to college.,關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞,1.從句的位置: 2.從句的翻譯: 3.從句的構(gòu)成：,先行詞之后,“.的”,關(guān)系詞,注意事項(xiàng),一）.關(guān)系代詞和先行詞的關(guān)系,A plane is a machine that can fly. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The boy whose

3、 parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指,關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格,關(guān)系代詞的用法,做賓語時(shí)可以省略,定語,何時(shí)可以省略？,關(guān)系代詞的用法練習(xí),1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday. 2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night. 3.He prefers th

4、e cheese. It comes from his parents farm.,The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,.He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.,難用的 whose,The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.,Join the

5、 following pair of sentences.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose=the houses window,The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,二）、關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系,I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons w

6、hy people like traveling.,on the day =when,in the house= where,for the reasons =why,小注：關(guān)系副詞=介詞先行詞,?,關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句,1. when指時(shí)間，在從句中做時(shí)間狀語 I still remember the day when/on which I first came to the school.,2. where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語 Shanghai is the city where/in which I was born.,3. why指原因，在從句中做原因狀語 Please tel

7、l me the reason why/for which you missed the plane.,關(guān)系副詞= “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,注意介詞的位置變化！,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives i

8、s far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,注意介詞的位置變化！,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,注意介詞的位置變化！,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far aw

9、ay.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可見：who、that 不能用于介詞之后！,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 4,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎?,在固定短語中介詞不能提前！,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she

10、 learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River.,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,under which,

11、of which,介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況 練習(xí),注意：如何判斷介詞,1、看定語從句中動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配,2、看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配,3、根據(jù)介詞與先行詞搭配,eg.He gave me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,with,二.非限制性定語從句,3、The town where I live is beautiful. 4、Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,1、Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. 2、Mr W

12、ang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,Please compare:,The town where I live is beautiful. Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.,分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果,限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，所以不能省略,非限制性定語從句和單句的比較,1.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry. 2.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.,3.He has

13、two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4.He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.,This,which,whom,them, that, Who/that?,as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句,The earth is round,_ is known to all. _ is known to all, the earth is round,which / as,As,as 具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞一般是固定的，如： as you know/ as you see/as we planned/ as we expected

14、,定語從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,as 和which一樣可以代表前面的整個(gè)句子,as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句 (1),This is the same pen as I lost. This is the same pen that I lost.,Please compare:,這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。,這本書就是我丟的那本。,as 引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句 (2),This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like. This is such an interest

15、ing book _we all like it. This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,as,that,Please complete the following sentences and compare:,as,that,這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句),這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語從句),一、看先行詞 二、看先行詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?三.關(guān)系詞的選擇（重點(diǎn)）,1.The man _came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl _I met is Lucy.

16、( ) 3.A child _ _parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book _ you bought yesterday. ( ),主語,who,賓語,(that/who/whom),定語,whose,賓語,(that/which),5. I like the person _ you just talked. ( ) 6. We shall never forget the days _we spent together. ( ) 7. We shall never the days _we lived together. (

17、 ),介賓,to whom,賓語,(that),狀語,when,三.關(guān)系詞的選擇（練習(xí)）,e.g.8. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 9. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while

18、 C. which D. when,三.關(guān)系詞的選擇（練習(xí)）,四.難點(diǎn)分析 一）區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句,1定語從句和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句補(bǔ)充說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容.,2定語從句的關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可省；同位語從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中不做成分；也可由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分,3. 同位語從句和先行詞一般可用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語從句不可,區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句,(1) The news (that)he told me is true. (2) The news that he has jus

19、t died is true.,(3)The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. (4)The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.,定語,同位語,定語,同位語,二）區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和狀語從句,Where前面有被修飾的地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)， 是定語從句，否則是狀語從句。,1.When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where

20、you have any questions. 2.When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions.,五.定語從句高考考點(diǎn)分析,（一）關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語時(shí)， 謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞決定,eg.1. The man who_ (live) downstairs speaks English fluently. 2.The students who _(be) in Grade 3 are going to climb the hill tomorrow.,3.He is one of t

21、he students who_ (have) finished the homework. 4. He is the only one of the students Who_ (have)finished the homework.,lives,are,have,has,1.當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí),如: all ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等,（二）只能用that 做關(guān)系代詞的情況,2.當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no

22、, any等修飾時(shí),3.當(dāng)人和物合做先行詞時(shí),4.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí),5.在疑問詞who、which、what開頭的句子中,1.He did all / everything _he could to help me. 2.This is the very thing _ I am after. 3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school. 4.He is the only man _ can do the work. 5.This is the first thing _ I want

23、 to say. 6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with. 7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate. 8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,that , which or who?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,在非限制性定語從句中,（三）只用which 不用that的情況,在介詞后面,先行詞是整個(gè)分句,e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ bro

24、ught her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. A zoo is a park in _many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition. A. what B. which C. that D. it,that , which ,whose, whom or who?,1.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _ made others upset. 2.He opened the door, in front o

25、f _ sat a boy. 3.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist. 4.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,which,which,whom,whose,（四） 先行詞是the way時(shí),(1)The way (in which/ that)he answered the question was surprising.,注意下面?zhèn)z個(gè)句子的不同， (1)The way (that/which)he explained to us was quite simple. (

26、2) The way (that/in which)he explained it to us was not difficult to understand.,歷屆高考英語定語從句試題精選(1),1Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course ,made the other unhappy.(2000) Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat,2. -Is that the small town you often refer to? -Right, just the one_you k

27、now I used to work for years. (FUJIAN05) A.that B.which C. where D.what,3.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_the sailing time was 226 days. (GX04) A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which,歷屆高考英語定語從句試題精選(2),4._ is often the case,we have worked out the production p

28、lan.(JS04) A.Which B.When C.What D.As 5.He is the only one of the students who_ a winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have been D.has been 6.York,_last year,is a nice old city. A.that I visited B.which I visited C.where I visited D.in which I visited,D,D,B,Correct the sentences:,1. I

29、m using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,the one,Correct the sentences:,5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im goi

30、ng to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.,in,when,_,that/which,Correct the sentences:,8.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons. 9. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy. 10. We heard the news which our

31、team won the game. 11. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correct the sentences:,12. That was the reason because she looked old. 13. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. 14. Taiwan, that we know,

32、belongs to China.,as,_,_,_,gives,why,Correct the sentences:,15. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently. 16. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 17. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky. 18. The students and things which you spo

33、ke of are known to us.,that,_,_,has,As,that,_,_,Correct the sentences:,19.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 20. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today. 21. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory. 22. The bike by which I travelled wa

34、s his.,as,_,Whose,_,that,_,on,_,定語從句高考點(diǎn)例析,Have a try,指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份： 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ),主語 賓語 定語 賓語,Have a try,5. His paren

35、ts wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( ) 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ) 8. We shall never the days when we lived together. ( ),定語 介賓 賓語 狀語,考點(diǎn)一：that和which,以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which。 1. 先行詞為不定代詞everything，

36、little，much，all，anything，nothing。 e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen. 2. 先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，用that。 e.g. This is the best book (that) Ive ever read.,考點(diǎn)一：that和which,3. 先行詞被the only，the very，the last 修飾時(shí)，用that。 e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now. 4. 先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)，

37、用that。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 5. 定語從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時(shí)，需用that。 e.g. A plane is a machine that can fly.,考點(diǎn)二：連接詞which的用法,Which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞,也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。 e.g. 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that

38、 2. The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it,B B,Good!,考點(diǎn)三：介詞+關(guān)系代詞,* “of + which/whom”可用來限定名詞、代詞、分?jǐn)?shù)詞、數(shù)詞等。 e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the

39、 boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which,D,D,關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定,1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請?bào)w會(huì)： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about

40、 which Im sure. 3. 根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請?bào)w會(huì)： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.,關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定,4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.,關(guān)系代詞前的介詞的確定,5. Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ of +關(guān)系代詞”型，如： e.g. They live in

41、a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south. They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.,Can you work them out?,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live. 2. The studen

42、t _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?,for,about,on,without,考點(diǎn)四:關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用,在限定性和非限定性從句中，when的先行詞是時(shí)間名詞，where的先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，分別在定語從句中做狀語。 e.g.1. After living i

43、n Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 2. It was an exciting moment for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when,B D,考點(diǎn)五：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,兩者均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下

44、列情況多用as。 1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. 2. 當(dāng)與such或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.,Go on Please!,3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用as，反之則用which。 e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was un

45、expected.,Go on please!,4. as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory

46、which your father once worked in? 3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,_,(去掉),which,_,to,the one,Correct the sentences:,5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. Those that havent b

47、een to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. 8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.,in,when,_,who,_,(that/which),Correct the sentences:,9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons. 10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy. 11. We heard

48、the news which our team won the game. 12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.,_,that,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correct the sentences:,13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names. 14. That was the reason because she looked old. 15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teac

49、hers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school. 16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.,as,who,_,_,_,gives,why,Correct the sentences:,17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently. 18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 19. Which is known to al

50、l, many satellite are going around in the sky. 20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.,that,_,_,has,As,that,_,_,Correct the sentences:,21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 22. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today. 23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory. 24. The bike by which I travelled was his.,as,_,Whose,_,that,_,on,_,Homework:,1) Finish off the exercises. 2) Preview Lesson 89.,goodbye,goodbye,goodbye,goodbye,