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第一部分　選修6　Unit 3 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2016沈陽東北育才學(xué)校高三上學(xué)期二模) There are no ocean waves in St.Louis.We have to drive a long way to get to the ocean.Every summer we put our stuff and ourselves into the car and drive 1,000 miles to reach Vero Beach, Florida. Once we get there, its all about __1__at the beach.Ive wanted to be a __2__for a long time.My mom used to surf when she lived in Florida during college.I __3__ my mom to let me surf, and she promised to find a surfing __4__ for me.He found me instead. One day when my mom was taking an old surfboard to a surf shop for __5__， a surfer __6__ the door open for her and helped her carry the board inside.They started __7__ and she learned hes a surfing __8__.My mom asked him if he had any __9__ working with people with disabilities.He did and told her he would love to work with me.Thats how I __10__ my friend, Coach Bill Bolton, in 2014. First Coach Bill taught me the popup.I had so much fun surfing with Coach Bill in 2014, __11__ I didnt make it to __12__ on the board. When we went to Florida this summer, I had more surfing __13__with Coach Bill.We worked hard on the sand and in the water.On our third day together we __14__ our surfboards out past a sand bar where small waves were __15__.I came close to standing each time, and on the last __16__ of the day I got up on my feet and stayed up! I was so __17__！ So was Coach Bill. We went to the same surfing spot the next day.Guess what! I __18__ so many times and rode wave after wave.Coach Bill called me a “surf goddess”．It was one of the __19__ days ever! I hope my story __20__ you to go surfing or to try something new.I know you can do it. (　　)1.A.fun　　　　 B．failure C．trial　　　　　　 D．sunlight (　　)2.A.swimmer　　　　　 B．rider C．surfer　　　　　　 D．player (　　)3.A.reminded　　　　　 B．encouraged C．told　　　　　　 D．begged (　　)4.A.fellow　　　　　 B．coach C．a(chǎn)dviser　　　　　 D．driver (　　)5.A.exhibition　　　　 B．money C．repair　　　　　　 D．a(chǎn)dvice (　　)6.A.held　　　　　　　　 B．kept C．let　　　　　　 D．made (　　)7.A.greeting　　　　　　 B．laughing C．walking　　　　 D．talking (　　)8.A.student　　　　　　 B．lover C．instructor　　　 D．guard (　　)9.A.trouble　　　　　　 B．interest C．record　　　　 D．experience (　　)10.A.met　　　　　　 B．hired C．thanked　　　　　 D．rewarded (　　)11.A.however　　　　　 B．so C．a(chǎn)nd　　　　　　　 D．but (　　)12.A.lying　　　　　　 B．floating C．standing　　　 D．moving (　　)13.A.lessons　　　　 B．pleasure C．skills　　　　　　 D．tasks (　　)14.A.picked　　　　　　 B．took C．removed　　　　 D．threw (　　)15.A.falling　　　　　　 B．breaking C．rising　　　　　　 D．floating (　　)16.A.minute　　　　　　 B．wave C．try　　　　　　 D．part (　　)17.A.happy　　　　　 B．shocked C．joy　　　　　　 D．frightened (　　)18.A.fell down　　　　 B．failed C．a(chǎn)cted　　　　　 D．got up (　　)19.A.longest　　　　 B．greatest C．hardest　　　　　 D．fastest (　　)20.A.inspires　　　　　 B．pushes C．leads　　　　　 D．influences 【主旨大意】作者一家每年都去佛羅里達的維羅海灘去度假。她一直想學(xué)沖浪。一天，媽媽去修沖浪板，偶然遇到了一位沖浪教練Bill Bolton。在他的指導(dǎo)下，他不斷進步，在第二個夏天終于學(xué)會了沖浪。作者無比快樂，并用自己的故事來激勵別人。 1．【答案】A 【解析】句意： 一旦到達那兒，我們在海灘玩得特別高興。fun意為“高興，樂趣”；failure“失敗”；tria“l(fā)試驗，審訊”；sunlight“陽光”。 2．【答案】C 【解析】句意：很久以來，我一直想成為一名沖浪者。swimmer“游泳者”；rider“騎手”；surfer“沖浪者”；player“運動員”。 3．【答案】D 【解析】句意：我央求媽媽允許我學(xué)習(xí)沖浪。remind意為“提醒”；encourage“鼓勵”；beg“央求”。 4．【答案】B 【解析】句意：媽媽答應(yīng)給找一位沖浪教練。fellow意為“伙伴；同事”；coach“教練”；adviser“顧問”。 5．【答案】C 【解析】句意：媽媽帶著沖浪板去修理。exhibition意為“展覽”；repair“修理”；advice“建議”。 6．【答案】A 【解析】句意：一位沖浪者扶住門(hold the door)，幫媽媽把沖浪板搬進來。 7．【答案】D 【解析】句意：他們攀談起來。 8．【答案】C 【解析】句意：(媽媽)得知他是一位沖浪教練。lover意為“愛好者”；instructor“指導(dǎo)者”；guard“守衛(wèi)；警衛(wèi)”。 9．【答案】D 【解析】句意：媽媽問他是否有跟殘疾人打交道的經(jīng)驗。trouble意為“麻煩”；interest“興趣”；record“記錄”；experience“經(jīng)驗”。 10．【答案】A 【解析】句意：這就是我認識我的朋友Bill Bolton的經(jīng)過。meet意為“遇到”； hire“雇傭”；thank“感謝” ；reward“回報；報答”。 11．【答案】D 【解析】句意：2014年我和Bill Bolton一起沖浪玩得很高興，可是我沒有成功地站到?jīng)_浪板上。however意為“可是(后面常用逗號)”；but“可是(后面一般不用逗號)”。 12．【答案】C 【解析】句意：同上句。lie意為“躺；位于”；float“漂浮”；stand“站立”；move“移動”。 13．【答案】A 【解析】句意：今年夏天去佛羅里達的時候，我跟隨Bill Bolton上了更多的沖浪課。lesson意為“課，教訓(xùn)”；pleasure“快樂”；skill“技巧”；task“任務(wù)”。 14．【答案】B 【解析】句意：一天，我們帶著沖浪板經(jīng)過一個小沙洲，那里浪花四濺。pick out意為“挑出，選出”；take out“拿出”；remove out“移出，搬走”；throw out“扔出”。 15．【答案】B 【解析】句意：同上句。falling意為“下落的”；breaking“濺散的”；rising“上升的，上漲的”；floating“漂浮的”。 16．【答案】C 【解析】句意：最后一次嘗試的時候，我站上了沖浪板。minute意為“分鐘，片刻”；wave“波浪”；try“嘗試，努力”；part“部分；角色”。 17．【答案】A 【解析】句意：我是多么高興。happy意為“高興的”；shocked“震驚的”；joy“(名詞)高興”； frightened“害怕的”。 18．【答案】D 【解析】句意：我站起來好多次，一個波浪一個波浪地沖過去。fall down意為“跌倒”；fail“失敗”； act“行動”；get up“起來”。 19．【答案】B 【解析】句意：那是我最棒的一天。longest意為“最長的”；greatest“最偉大的”；hardest“最困難的”；fastest“最快的”。 20．【答案】A 【解析】句意：我希望我的故事也能激勵你去沖浪或嘗試新的東西。inspire意為“激發(fā)；鼓舞”； push“推”；lead“帶領(lǐng)”；influence“影響”。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A (2015福建，E) Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain (保持) a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, its not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health.Its an opportunity to be social, release endorphins (內(nèi)啡肽), and improve your strength.Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard.The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone. Another beneficial aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor.Many people fear the gym because they feel lost and dont want to embarrass themselves.If you feel you can relate, then group training is an even better option for you.Its a great opportunity to learn more about fitness through the clear instruction and supervision (監(jiān)管) of a fitness instructor.If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.Dont let fitness frighten you! If youre serious about wanting to live a healthy lifestyle, its extremely important to surround yourself with people wholl provide you with the proper emotional support.I wouldnt scold anyone for deciding to party on weekends and in turn I wouldnt expect anyone to give offense to me for focusing on my health.Surround yourself with people who uplift, encourage and understand you! Make fitness even more fun by trying something new or any group fitness class, with a friend.Plan to go for a jog together.Then try a fun healthy restaurant or fresh juice bar! Fitness can be both fun and social! Surrounding yourself with people wholl provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial while working towards reaching health and fitness goals.First, decide to do it for yourself and work towards staying positive.Then make sure the people you surround yourself with are supportive.Dont let negativity ruin your motivation. (　　)1.The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “________”． A．cheerful　　 B．a(chǎn)verage C．serious　 D．temporary (　　)2.When it comes to emotional support, the author thinks it necessary ________. A．to sustain a colorful lifestyle B．to party on weekends with positive people C．to try a fun healthy restaurant regularly D．to surround yourself with supportive people (　　)3.What would be the best title for the passage? A．Seeking Support B．Supporting Health C．Improving Your Strength D．Building Up Fitness 【主旨大意】本文介紹團隊鍛煉在健身和保持健康生活方式方面的益處。 1．【答案】A 【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本句中的“bored”與“keep your workout on track”可知，upbeat意思與cheerful相近，意為“快樂的；積極向上的”。故選A項。 2．【答案】D 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段首句中的“…its extremely important to surround yourself with people wholl provide you with the proper emotional support”可知，讓能為你提供合適的情感支持的人在你周圍非常重要，故選D項。 3．【答案】B 【解析】主旨大意題。綜合全文可知，文章介紹“團隊鍛煉在健身中的積極作用”，因此B項“輔助性的健康(運動)”概括得最全面。 B (2016湖南師大附中高三上學(xué)期第三次月考，D) One in five people carry a ‘smart gene’ variant(變體)linked to long lifespan, bigger forebrain and enhanced mental ability, researchers have found. “Weve known for a long time that people lose cognitive(認知) abilities as they age, but now were beginning to understand that factors like KLOTHO can give people a boost in aging.Genetic variation in KLOTHO could help us predict brain health and find ways to protect people from the diseases that happen to us as we grow old, like Alzheimers disease(老年癡呆癥)，” said senior author, Dena Dubal of University of California. The KLOTHO gene affects a protein found in the kidneys and the brain that regulates many different body processes.About one in five people carry a single copy of the varian, known as KLVS，which boosts levels of the protein and is associated with a longer lifespan and improved heart and kidney function.A small minority, 3% of the population, has two copies, which is linked to a shorter lifespan. In the new study scientists scanned the brains of 422 men and women aged 53 and over who were also tested for the KLOTHO gene.They found that participants with a single copy of the gene variant also had a larger brain region known as RDLPFC, which is especially likely to shrink with age.Loss of neurons in this area may be one reason why older people are sometimes easily distracted and find it difficult to do more than one task at the same time. Researcher Dr Jennifer Yokoyama said, “The brain region enhanced by genetic variation in KLOTHO is vulnerable(脆弱的)in aging and some mental disease.In this case, bigger size means better function.It will be important to determine whether the structure increase associated with carrying one copy of KLVS can offset the cognitive shortage caused by disease.” People who have one copy of a variant KLVS tend to live longer and have lower chances of suffering a stroke (中風(fēng))，whereas people who have two copies may live shorter lives and have a higher risk of stroke. (　　)4.What can we learn from the second paragraph? A．Peoples cognitive abilities do not decline if people have KLOTHO. B．With the clear understanding of KLOTHO, Alzheimers disease can be cured now. C．Genetic variation in KLOTHO could be helpful in treating mental disease in elderly people. D．Genetic variation in KLOTHO could lead people to suffer from Alzheimers disease. (　　)5.If a person carries two copies of the gene variant, he/she may ________. A．have better kidney function B．have a shorter lifespan C．have a higher level of the protein in his/her body D．suffer from some cognitive disease (　　)6.The reason why older peoples attention is easily distracted may be that ________. A．they have fewer neurons in the RDLPEC B．their brain region is too large C．they have two copies of the gene variant D．they have more neurons in the RDLPEC (　　)7.What does the underlined word “offset” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．Prevent. B．Balance. C．Keep. D．Promote. 【主旨大意】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有五分之一的人攜帶有與長壽、較大前腦和更強的心智能力的“聰明基因”的變體。本文研究了KLOTHO中變體與人衰老和精神疾病的關(guān)系：大腦區(qū)域越大，功能越強。 4．【答案】C 【解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Genetic variation in KLOTHO could help us predict brain health and find ways to protect people from the diseases that happen to us as we grow old, like Alzheimers disease(老年癡呆癥)”可以推知KLOTHO中的基因變體對于預(yù)防和治療老年人疾病的意義。可以得知選項C符合題意。 5．【答案】B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“A small minority, 3% of the population, has two copies, which is linked to a shorter lifespan”可以得知選項B符合題意。 6．【答案】A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Loss of neurons in this area may be one reason why older people are sometimes easily distracted and find it difficult to do more than one task at the same time”可以推知RDLPEC中神經(jīng)元的損失會導(dǎo)致人注意力分散和很難在同一時間做多個任務(wù)，可以得知選項A符合題意。 7．【答案】B 【解析】詞義猜測題。 根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段上下文可以得知在KLOTHO中由于基因變體增大的大腦區(qū)域很容易衰退或產(chǎn)生精神疾病，所以較大的大腦區(qū)域功能更強。攜帶KLVS一副與大腦結(jié)構(gòu)是否增加對于平衡由疾病導(dǎo)致的認知確實很重要?？梢缘弥x項B符合題意。 Ⅲ.語法填空 (2016陜西西安第七十中學(xué)11月檢測) Until about 150 years ago, the most important, expensive and renowned kind of painting was largescale pictures that told a story, regarded as the 1.__________(hard) challenge for an artist.2.__________(choose) suitable subjects, artists had to be wellread.Then they had to know 3.__________ stories could be told without words, using only gestures and expressions.To create lifelike scenes, they had to understand perspective, lighting and anatomy.So history painting needed a lot of thought and_4.________.(imagine)．Largescale pictures used to be reserved for grand religious or patriotic subjects, but that changed in the 19th century, as artists began creating history paintings based5.__________contemporary news stories.One of the first of these was The Raft of the Medusa, inspired by the wreck of6.__________French ship in 1816, which showed how art could have a powerful political impact.It presents a scene_7.__________ the survivors of the wreck on a raft littered with bodies try to signal to a distant ship.When they 8.__________(rescue), they told how they had been abandoned by their captain, while he sailed to safety in a lifeboat.Starving, they had to eat each other to survive—though this picture makes9.__________ look heroic rather than violent.The picture caused a huge outcry.Some people thought the artist meant to criticize the French king, 10.__________ had been involved in appointing the ships captain. 1．【答案】hardest 【解析】考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文對這幅繪畫的講述可知這幅作品的取材、創(chuàng)作都是非常耗費精力的，再根據(jù)前面的定冠詞the可以判斷此處用形容詞最高級，答案填hardest。 2．【答案】To choose 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知畫家們必須要博學(xué)多才，還得了解如何不用文字來講述這個故事，再通過“To create lifelike scenes, they had to understand…”可以判斷此處是強調(diào)目的，應(yīng)該用不定式，填To choose。意思是：為了選擇合適的主題……。 3．【答案】how 【解析】考查連接詞。由結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是賓語從句，從句中是“主謂賓”結(jié)構(gòu)，缺少狀語，再根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容“stories could be told without words, using only gestures and expressions.”可以判斷此處強調(diào)方式，指如何去做到這一點，填how。 4．【答案】imagination 【解析】考查名詞。and連接并列成分，根據(jù)所給提示單詞以及空前“a lot of thought and…”可以判斷此處填名詞imagination。 5．【答案】on 【解析】固定搭配：be based on “以……為根據(jù)”，答案填on。 6．【答案】a 【解析】考查冠詞。ship是可數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前需有限定詞，根據(jù)語境可知此處指“一艘法國船”，是泛指概念，答案填a。 7．【答案】where 【解析】考查定語從句。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知名詞后面“the survivors of the wreck on a raft littered with bodies try to signal to a distant ship.”是定語從句，從句缺少狀語，而先行詞scene是抽象名詞，表地點，故答案填where。 8．【答案】were rescued 【解析】考查動詞。根據(jù)句意可知狀語從句的主語they和rescue是被動關(guān)系，再根據(jù)主句時態(tài)判斷此處用一般過去時的被動形式，答案填were rescued。 9．【答案】them 【解析】考查代詞。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知此處指代“the survivors of the wreck on a raft，”作make的賓語，用賓格形式。答案填them。 10．【答案】who 【解析】考查定語從句。從結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處是非限制性定語從句，從句缺少主語，而先行詞是the French king，所以填who。