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1、Unit 4 聽(tīng)力原文 Part I B Tom: What kind of school did you go to, Ann? Ann: Well, I went to a public primary school and then to a private high school. Tom: So which do you think is better? Ann: Actually, I prefer private schools because of the smaller classes and ... usually you have a wider cho

2、ice of subjects. Tom: Yeah, I suppose that’s true. Ann: And then there are usually better sports facilities. For example, the school I went to had a swimming pool and a huge gym. Tom: Yeah ... well, the public high school I went to had great sports facilities. Besides, private schools are really

3、 expensive. Ann: Yeah, but I think they’re worth it. Tom: I don’t know. I think you have to judge every school individually, whether it’s public or private. Ann: That may be true ... but children generally get a better, more ... well-rounded education in a private school. Tom: Maybe, but I’m not

4、 totally convinced. By the way, Ann, were you on the debating team in high school, by any chance? Ann: I sure was! I was the captain! C Steve’s first morning Steve was rather nervous about his first day of the polytechnic. He didn’t know any other students and he didn’t know his way around the

5、 building. At 9 o’clock, he was at the main entrance with a crowd of hundreds of other students. All of them seem to know what to do except Steve. Then he found a notice. There was a meeting for all the first-year students. He found them all waiting in the large hall. First, the director of the Poly

6、technic welcomed them. Then the head of students’ services, and finally the head of physical education. Head of physical education: I’m here to tell you about the sport you can do at the Poly. Here in Edington, we have a fitness room where you can do exercises to keep fit, and weekly you can do al

7、l sorts of sports, such as tennis, football, hockey and badminton. But there are also many other activities. You can go sailing. You can go down-caves. You can go climbing and many more. We hope all of you will take part in at least one of these. If you want to join, come on weekly on Wednesday afte

8、rnoon. Any questions? A student: What about swimming? Head of physical education: We don’t have our own pool. But you can swim in the public pools in Hanksy or Muston Ferry. After the meeting was over, Steve looked at this timetable. His first class was business studies, and was in room 316. B

9、ut where was Room 316? Steve: Excuse me. Do you know where Room 316 is? Male student 1: Oh, I haven’t a clue, mate. Steve: Do you know where Room 316 is? Female student 1: No, do you? Steve: I’m looking for Room 316. Male student 2: Oh, not another First year. Look at the notice board.

10、Steve: But where is the notice board? Male student 2: Don’t ask me. Steve: Could you tell me where Room 316 is? Female student 2: You mean business studies for Catering students. Steve: That’s it. Female student 2: Oh, I’m looking for it for myself. You’re a first-year? Steve: Yes. Fem

11、ale student 2: So am I. Let’s see if we can find it together. Questions: 1. Where was Steve at 9 o’clock? 2. How many people made welcome speeches at the meeting for all the first year students? 3. Who are they? 4. What kinds of sports are available in Edington Polytechnic? 5. What was S

12、teve’s first class? 6. Where will he have the class? 7. How many students did Steve ask when he tried to find his class? 8. Did he get the answer? Part II Home schooling Although education is compulsory in the United States, it is not compulsory for all children to get their education at

13、school. A number of parents believe that they can provide a better education for their children at home. Children who are educated at home are known as “home-schoolers.” There are about 300 000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children tend to

14、 do better than average on national tests in reading and math. David Guterson is an American writer. He and his wife teach their three children themselves. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in a regular school. Learning starts with the children’s interests and

15、questions. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears, and winter tourism. Or a spring evening, when the family is watching the stars, is a good time for setting up a telescope and asking

16、questions about satellites, comets, meteors, and the space program. At dinner, if the Brazilian rain forests are on the news, it could be a perfect time to get out the atlas and encyclopedia. Then there might be two hours or more of eating, asking questions, looking up answers, discovering how rain

17、forests influence the climate, what the “greenhouse effect” is, how deserts are formed and how the polar ice caps affect ocean levels. Although home schooling offers an experience that is often more interesting than regular schools, critics point out that home-schoolers miss out on many important t

18、hings. The home-schooler is an outsider who, because he or she never attended school, might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children and may pass on their own narrow views to their children. However, mo

19、st parents don’t have the time or desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education. Part III A John James: I disagree, Peter. I don’t think it really matters what your educational background is. Anyone who is bright enough is g

20、oing to do well whatever their education. Peter Davies: But John, ... John James: In fact, I think some people carry on with their education when they would do a lot better to get out and start building their own careers by learning things in real life. Peter Davies: Yes, but the whole point is,

21、 life is getting so much more complicated these days that unless you carry on with your studies you just can’t cope. John James: For certain things, and certain people, OK, but to my mind, the big problem in education is that you specialize too quickly. I mean, in England, you start specializing fr

22、om the third year in secondary school, when you’re about 14. And it gets steadily narrower until you do your “A” levels in only two or three subjects. You either do languages, or natural sciences, or social sciences. Peter Davies: But surely these days you have to, John — you can’t possibly study e

23、verything because there’s just too much. John James：Yes, but how many kids at the age of sixteen really know what they want to do? How many of them are convinced that the three subjects they’ve chosen, or have been recommended, are the ones that will let them follow the careers they eventually deci

24、de on? Peter Davies: Oh, I think most young people who stay on at school have a fair idea of what they want to do. John James：I’m not so sure, Peter. And after all, that’s not the end of it. When they get to university in England, the subjects they study are so narrow that they are only good for o

25、ne thing, so they are stuck with it. Peter Davies: But I don’t really see that there is any alternative if people are going to learn enough to be competent in their subject. They’ve got to specialize early, and I suppose those that realize they’ve made a mistake can always swap to something else.

26、John James：Ah, but that’s just it. You can’t. Suppose you study languages at university and then decide that you are not cut out for it and would like to be a doctor. You’ve burnt your bridges. You can’t just change horses in midstream; you’ve got to go right back to the beginning and you lose years

27、. I think the American system is much better. B John James: ... I think the American system is much better. Peter Davies: In what way? John James: Well, for your first degree you’ve got to study a fairly wide range of subjects, and you can choose them yourself, within certain limits. Peter Dav

28、ies: Fine, but doesn’t that mean that American students with a first degree don’t have the depth of knowledge they should have? John James: Should have for what? Peter Davies: Well, they often aren’t accepted for postgraduate work in England with just a first degree. John James: Maybe not, but I

29、 don’t really think that’s important. They come out with a pretty good general knowledge in a wide area. After all, when you think about a lot of the stuff English students have to study, what good is it to them afterwards? I’m sure the majority of British students never use 90 percent of what they

30、studied at university. Peter Davies: That may be true of some arts subjects, but what about the sciences? John James: Even there, a lot what they do at university is so academic and abstruse that they will never be able to put it to any practical use. I’m sure they would benefit far more from on-

31、the-job experience. And if they’ve had a broader course of study they’ve got two advantages. Peter Davies: How do you mean? John James: First of all, they will have a better understanding of the world in general, so they will be more flexible in their jobs, and then if things do go wrong they will

32、 be able to switch jobs easily. Peter Davies: That all sounds very simple, but I think you’re still underestimating the amount of pure learning that you need these days, particularly in technical and scientific areas. I mean even at school these days, children have to learn far more things than we

33、 did when we were at school. John James: All the more reason we should not try to concentrate on such a few things at such an early age. Things are changing so rapidly these days that we have to change with them. When we were younger, there was a pretty good chance that we would be able to carry on

34、 in the profession we’d chosen until we retired. But these days, people have got to be prepared to change their jobs and learn new skills as technology moves ahead. Take j ust the area of the office, for example. How many offices ... Part Ⅳ Imagine being asked to spend twelve or so years of your

35、 life in a society which consisted only of members of your own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be so happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal

36、 conditions on their children — conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute! Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s head full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of education is

37、 to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock

38、. A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each ot

39、her in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by g

40、irls! When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. In a co-educational school, everything falls into its proper place. But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women ar

41、e mysterious creatures. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together dispel illusions of this kind. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a c

42、o-educational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women. Part V Is China the world’s cleverest country?

43、 China achieved “remarkable” results in the Pisa international education tests, which measure pupils’ key skills: reading, numeracy and science. The results indicate that China’s education system is not only above average, it’s overtaking the performance of many Western countries. But why do Chine

44、se students get top marks? Andreas Schleicher, who is responsible for the Pisa tests, says Chinese students show incredible resilience to become high-flyers, regardless of their background. “North Americans tell you typically it’s all luck. In Europe, it’s all about social heritage: ‘My father was

45、 a plumber so I’m going to be a plumber.’ In China, more than nine out of 10 children tell you: ‘It depends on the effort I invest and I can succeed if I study hard.’” Mr Schleicher adds it’s a philosophical difference – we should expect the whole cohort to pass with flying colours, rather than ju

46、st expecting the cream of the crop to succeed. On a visit to a poor province in China, he noticed that schools were often the most impressive buildings. He says in the West, it’s more likely to be a shopping centre. So should other countries put their thinking caps on if they don’t want their ed

47、ucation system to flunk? When it comes to education, China might be able to teach the world a lesson. key skills核心技能 above average高于平均水平 performance成績(jī) top marks 高分 high-flyers成功人士 social heritage 社會(huì)遺產(chǎn) invest投入 cohort有共同點(diǎn)旳一群人 pass with flying colours 高分通過(guò) the cream of the crop頂尖人才 put their thinking caps on進(jìn)入思考狀態(tài) flunk 失敗（常指考試不及格） teach (someone) a lesson給（某人）一種教訓(xùn) Quiz 小測(cè)驗(yàn)