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安徽專版,新課標(biāo)（RJ）,語法專題（十四）復(fù)合句,PARTTWO,第二篇語法突破篇,【中考考點(diǎn)】（1）賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語序及引導(dǎo)詞。（2）賓語從句的簡化形式。（3）狀語從句中連詞的選擇和時(shí)態(tài)。（4）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的基本用法。（5）關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法。,,考點(diǎn)一引導(dǎo)詞,1.在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,若是陳述句作賓語,that可以省略。Theradiosays（that）itwillraintomorrow.收音機(jī)報(bào)道說明天要下雨。2.連接代詞which,what,who等或連接副詞how,where,why,when等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句作賓語從句時(shí),從句改用陳述語序。Couldyoutellmetoyou?你能告訴我他跟你說了些什么嗎?,whathesaid,,3.whether或if引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句或選擇疑問句作賓語從句時(shí),從句改用陳述語序。IwonderyouhavetoldthenewstoLiLei.我想知道你是否已經(jīng)告訴李雷這個(gè)消息了。[注意]下列幾種情況中,賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞通常使用whether:（1）具有選擇意義且又有or或ornot,尤其是直接與ornot連用時(shí),通常用whether。（2）介詞之后用whether。（3）不定式前用whether。,if/whether,,考點(diǎn)二時(shí)態(tài),1.當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。Irememberhemeabookyesterday.我記得他昨天給了我一本書。HehastoldmethatheforNewYorktomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我明天他就動(dòng)身去紐約了。2.當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。WeaskedwhatJeanwasdoingthen.我們問瓊那時(shí)正在做什么。3.當(dāng)從句表述的是客觀真理或普遍規(guī)律時(shí),賓語從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Lisaaskedwhetherlightfasterthansound.莉薩問光的傳播速度是否比聲音快。,gave,willleave,travels/goes,,考點(diǎn)三語序,1.陳述句改為賓語從句時(shí),語序不變。Heisagoodchild.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasagoodchild.老師說他是個(gè)好孩子。,,2.一般疑問句和特殊疑問句改為賓語從句時(shí),語序改為陳述語序。Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whether.我想知道他工作是否努力。Whendidheleave?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.我不知道他是什么時(shí)候離開的。【注意】賓語從句的簡化當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是know,remember,forget,learn等時(shí),從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。Idon’tknowwhatIshouldsay.→Idon’tknowwhat.我不知道要說什么。,tosay,heworkshard,,考點(diǎn)一狀語從句的分類,1.時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,not…until…,assoonas等。Whenhecomesback,I’llgiveyouacall.他回來時(shí),我會(huì)給你打電話的。Theydidn’tstopuntiltheyfinishedthework.他們直到完成工作才停下來。I’llringyouassoonasIreachBeijing.我一到北京就給你打電話。,,2.原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有because,since,as等。Ididn’tgo,becauseIwasafraid.我沒去,因?yàn)槲液ε隆inceyouarefreetoday,you’dbettertakeagoodrest.既然你今天有空,你最好好好休息。3.條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有if,unless,aslongas等。Ifitrains,I’llgobycar.如果下雨,我就乘小汽車去。Youcannotsucceedunlessyouworkhard.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí),你是不會(huì)成功的。,,4.結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有so…that…,such…that…等。Itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’tseetheroad.雨下得如此大,以至于我們看不見路。5.讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有though,eventhough/if,although,nomatter+疑問詞等。Eventhough/ifyousayso,Idonotbelieveit.即使你這么說,我也不信。6.目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有sothat,inorderthat等。IneedtogetupearlysothatIcancatchtheearlybus.我需要早起,以便我能趕上早班車。,,7.方式狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有asif/though,as等。Thechildtalkedtousasifhewereagrown-up.那個(gè)孩子跟我們談起話來像個(gè)成年人似的。8.地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有where,wherever等。Whereverhegoes,healwaysbringshispetdog.無論他去哪里,他總是帶著他的寵物狗。9.比較狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞有than,as…as…,notas/so…as…等。CarolspeaksEnglishaswellasyoudo.卡蘿爾英語說得和你一樣好。,,考點(diǎn)二主句與從句時(shí)態(tài)一致的問題,在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,主句和從句之間的時(shí)態(tài)一致問題一般分為下列三種情況:1.主現(xiàn)從現(xiàn):若主句是祈使句或主句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.過馬路時(shí)要小心。Thetrafficmuststopwhenthelights.當(dāng)紅燈亮?xí)r,車輛必須停下來。,turn/arered,,2.主將從現(xiàn):主句用一般將來時(shí),而從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。IwillvisitmygoodfriendwhenItime.當(dāng)我有空時(shí),我將去看望我的好友。Ifsheheretomorrow,Iwillgototheparkwithher.如果明天她來這里,我將和她一起去公園。3.過去時(shí)態(tài):若主從句都是在敘述過去的事情,則主從句可以用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。MymotherwascookingwhenIgothomeyesterday.昨天我到家時(shí),我媽媽正在做飯。,have,comes,,考點(diǎn)三賓語從句和狀語從句同時(shí)出現(xiàn),Idon’tknowif（是否）hewillcome.If（如果）hecomes,Iwilltellhimabouttheaccident.我不知道他是否會(huì)來。如果他來的話,我將告訴他這起事故。Idon’tknowwhen（什么時(shí)候）hewillcometomorrow.When（當(dāng)……的時(shí)候）hecomes,Iwilltellhimaboutthenews.我不知道他明天什么時(shí)候來。當(dāng)他來時(shí),我將告訴他這則消息。,,考點(diǎn)一關(guān)系代詞的基本用法,,考點(diǎn)二關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法,1.下列情況關(guān)系詞只能用that（1）先行詞為不定代詞all,few,little,much,everything,nothing等時(shí)。All（that）youhavetodoistopracticeeveryday.你必須要做的就是每天練習(xí)。Thereisn’tmuch（that）Icando.我能做的不多。（2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。Thefirstlesson（that）Ilearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我上的第一堂課。Thisisthebestfilm（that）Ihaveeverseen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。（3）先行詞被all,any,every,few,little,no,some等不定代詞修飾時(shí)。Ihavereadallthebooks（that）yougaveme.我已經(jīng)讀完了你給我的所有的書。,,（4）先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame等修飾時(shí)。ThewhitefloweristheonlyonethatIreallylike.這朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的。ThisistheverybookIwanttoread.這就是我想看的那本書。（5）當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?站在那邊的那個(gè)人是誰?Whichofusthatknowsomethingaboutphysicsdoesn’tknowthis?在我們懂點(diǎn)物理的人當(dāng)中有誰不知道這個(gè)?,that,,（6）先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingswecouldremember.我們談?wù)摿宋覀兯苡浀闷鸬娜撕褪隆＃?）time作先行詞且前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí),定語從句用that來引導(dǎo)（that可省略）。Thisisthelasttime（that）Ishallgiveyoualesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課了。Thefirsttime（that）Isawhimwasin2016.我第一次見到他是在2016年。,that,,2.下列情況只能用which（1）關(guān)系代詞作介詞的賓語時(shí),用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。Thisisthebookforyouask.這是你要的書。（2）引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),只能用which。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.這本我已經(jīng)讀了三遍的小說很感人。,which,,考點(diǎn)三關(guān)系副詞的用法,1.when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞。IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.我仍然記得第一次來北京的那一天。2.where在句中作狀語,表示地點(diǎn)。ThisisthefactoryIworkedtwoyearsago.這就是我兩年前工作的那家工廠。3.why在句中作狀語,表示原因。Iknowthereasonhecamelate.我知道他來晚的原因。,when,where,why,,1.[2007安徽]Mrs.Browncouldn’tfindherpurse.Shedidn’tremember.A.whoseitwasB.whereitwasC.whatitwasD.whenitwas2.[2009安徽]Youcan’timaginewhenthepupilsreceivedthesenicepresentsonChildren’sDay.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited3.[2014安徽]—It’ssolate.Whynotwritethereporttomorrow?—ButIdon’tknowIcandoitifnotnow.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where4.[2016安徽]—Lookatthestonebridge!Doyouknowitwasbuilt?—Inthe1860s.Itisquiteold.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why,B,B,B,A,,5.[2017安徽]—DoyouknowAnngoestoworkeveryday?—Usuallybyunderground.A.whyB.howC.whenD.whether6.[2018安徽]—IwonderJanegetsonsowellwithherclassmates.—Becauseshealwayscaresmuchaboutothers.A.whetherB.howC.whenD.why,B,,5.B根據(jù)答語可知,問者問的是Ann的上班方式。故選B。,D,,7.[2018長豐三模]—Ican’tdecideIshouldparkmycar.—You’dbetterparkitinfrontofthebuilding.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why8.[2018滁州一模]—Tim,Iwanttoknowyouaregoingtodowiththemagazine.—Oh,Ihaven’tdecidedyet.A.howB.whatC.whyD.where,C,,7.C考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)答語可知他不確定停車的地點(diǎn),應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)詞where。故選C。,B,,9.[2018明光一模]—Look!Somepeoplearerunningtheredlights.—Weshouldwaitothersarebreakingtherule.A.ifB.althoughC.unlessD.because10.[2018蕪湖期中]You’dbettertakeamapwithyouyouwon’tgetlost.A.aslongasB.asifC.sothatD.nowthat11.[2018明光二模]—Howdoyoulikemeetingan“e-friend”alone?—You’dbetternot,somethingdangerousmayhappentoyou.A.orB.andC.butD.because,B,C,D,,12.[2018馬鞍山期末]—Shallwegoonapicnicthisweekend?—Ican’tagreemorethereisaheavyrainorotherbadweather.A.althoughB.ifC.untilD.unless13.[2018太和一模]ThepolicemanhascaughtthethiefstoleMr.Li’swallet.A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which,D,,12.Dalthough盡管;if如果;until到……為止;unless除非,如果不。結(jié)合語境理解可知,此句是一個(gè)unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。故選D。,B,,14.[2018淮北模擬]JourneytotheWestisabookinfluencesteenagersalot.Itisverypopular.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what15.[2018合肥一模]—Doyouknowthemanunderthetree?—Don’tyouknowhim?Heistheyoungmansavedthegirloutofwateryesterday!A.whenB.whichC.whomD.who16.[2018明光一模]Studyingingroupsisapopularwaycandevelopstudents’creativeability.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which,C,D,D,,17.[2018阜陽二模]Thisisthebestschoolwevisitedlastyear.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.which18.[2018安慶一模]Thesmallriverrunsthroughourvillagebroughtuslotsofpleasuremanyyearsago.Itismywarmmemory.A.whoB.whenC.whereD.that,A,D,,見Word資源語法專題14復(fù)合句,