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教學無憂http://jiaoxue5u.taobao.com/專注中小學 教學事業(yè)！ Module 4 Music Born in America I．教學內(nèi)容分析 本模塊以Music Born in America為話題，介紹了美國的本土音樂，其中包括了Hip Hop，Soul music, Gospel music, Jazz, Blues等。與此同時，還介紹了香港本土的音樂以及幾位著名的美國音樂人。通過本模塊的學習，要求學生能使用恰當?shù)脑~匯與同學以音樂為主題展開討論，了解中外音樂的相互影響，發(fā)表對音樂的觀點和看法。 Introduction 部分介紹幾種美國本土的音樂類型，為整個模塊的學習提供了一些知識儲備，教師可以適當?shù)貛椭鷮W生復習以前學過有關(guān)音樂的詞匯，讓學生能夠形成比較系統(tǒng)的詞匯網(wǎng)。 Reading and Vocabulary 部分通過閱讀一篇介紹Hip Hop的文章，系統(tǒng)地了解Hip Hop的起源、發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀。由于這是一篇說明文，在學習過程中教師可以適當?shù)赜柧殞W生尋找主題句或歸納段落大意的能力。 Grammar (1) 部分是復習時間狀語從句。教師應(yīng)著重把握時間狀語從句學習中常出錯的兩個方面，一是時態(tài)；二是個別引導詞的語序問題。 Listening部分有三個內(nèi)容，一是通過短語配對，讓學生學習用英語來解釋一些詞組，并為后面的聽力做好詞匯基礎(chǔ)的鋪墊；二是讓學生聽一段母子的對話，讓學生獲取信息完成書上的練習，并著重幫助學生理解幾個省略句的意思，為后面的語法課做好語言材料的準備。 Grammar (2) 部分利用聽力原文的幾個省略句，讓學生學會看并知道運用省略句。 Function 部分學習使用比較過去與現(xiàn)在的功能句式。 Everyday English 部分圍繞日常生活中常見的交際用語，主要通過選擇題的形式讓學生進一步理解聽力原文中出現(xiàn)的幾個短語。如：a bit, my cup of tea, it’s one’s turn to do sth.等。 Reading and Writing部分通過閱讀文章，回答三個開放性的問題，使學生開始思考音樂與學習的關(guān)系，為后面的寫作做好了鋪墊。第二部分要求學生根據(jù)所提供的問題，寫一篇關(guān)于學習習慣的文章。 Speaking部分要求學生根據(jù)本模塊所學的內(nèi)容，學會就這些音樂的起源及其其他有關(guān)音樂的話題展開討論。 Reading Practice 部分一篇介紹香港本土音樂的說明文，要求學生通過閱讀文章，學會概括段落大意，并回答幾個與文章細節(jié)有關(guān)的問題，培養(yǎng)學生對文章理解的能力。 Cultural Corner部分是一篇介紹三位對世界音樂的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生影響的音樂家，增加學生對音樂家的認識。 Task部分是對本模塊的一個復習與應(yīng)用，要求學生運用本模塊所學的內(nèi)容，組織一場班級音樂會，并在當中介紹音樂的類型、背景等內(nèi)容。 Module File部分有助學生對本模塊學習內(nèi)容進行歸納，對自己的學習進行總結(jié)和檢驗。 II．教學重點和難點 1. 教學重點 (1) 掌握一些與音樂相關(guān)的詞匯。 (2) 學習使用一些比較現(xiàn)在與過去的句型。 (3) 學習時間狀語從句和省略句。 2. 教學難點 (1) 聽懂有關(guān)音樂的交談并獲取信息，聽懂課文中有關(guān)音樂種類的介紹。 (2) 正確使用一些比較現(xiàn)在與過去的句型。 (3) 學會描寫自己的學習習慣，并能寫出自己對某種音樂的看法。 III．教學計劃 本單元分六個課時： 第一課時：Introduction, Cultural Corner music 第二課時：Reading and Vocabulary, Speaking 第三課時：Listening, Function, Everyday English 第四課時：Grammar (1), Grammar (2) 第五課時：Reading Practice 第六課時：Reading and Writing, Module File IV．教學步驟： Period 1 Introduction, Cultural Corner Teaching Goals: 1. To arouse Ss’ interest in learning about music born in America. 2. To get Ss to learn some words to describe music. 3. To get Ss to know something about American music. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Introduction Purpose: To arouse Ss’ interest in learning about music born in America. 1. Ask Ss to think of the types of music to arouse Ss’ interest in learning about music born in America Suggested Answers: There are many types of music: rock music, folk music, light music, rap-hop, country music, classical music, jazz, blues, soul music, gospel music 2. Let Ss work in pairs. Ask them to look at the pictures and answer the following questions. (1) What is the difference between a choir and a band? A ____________ is a large group of singers. A _____________ is small group of musicians. They play music and may also sing. (2) What instruments do jazz musicians play? (3) What is the difference between the soul singer and the blues singer? ____________ is often quieter than ____________, and people don’t usually dance to it. Suggested Answers: (1) choir, band (2) Saxophones, guitar, drums and a double bass, etc. (3) Blues, soul music 3. Ask Ss to read the passage on page 43 and then fill in the table. Type Place of origin Time of origin Feature Gospel music Soul music Jazz Blues Suggested Answers: Type Place of origin Time of origin Feature Gospel music Southern United States In the 19th century Church, strong and rhythmic Soul music Southern United States / A mixture of blues, gospel, a little rock and roll Jazz African-Americans in New Orleans In the early 20th century Improvisation and using unusual rhythms (syncopation) Blues African-Americans in New Orleans In the late 19th and early 20th centuries Using guitar, piano, harmonica Step 2. Cultural Corner Purpose: To learn about American musicians. 1. Ask Ss to say some American musicians if they know some. 2. Ask Ss to read the Cultural Corner and fill in the blanks. Name Feature Title Louis Armstrong Robert Johnson Woody Guthrie Suggested Answers: Name Feature Title Louis Armstrong A jazz singer A pioneer of the improvised jazz solo Robert Johnson A blues singer The father of rock and roll Woody Guthrie A folk singer A pioneer of protest music 3. Let Ss fill in the blanks by themselves to learn some useful expressions. (1) Louis Armstrong, _________ in 1901, was one of the most _________ artists __________ _________ _________ _________ music. His nickname was Satchmo, which _________ _________ _________ “Satchel Mouth”, because of his large mouth. (2) Robert Johnson, _________ in Mississippi, wrote very _________ and sad blues songs, whose music has _________ generations of modern rock musicians. He _________ _________ record 29 songs, and _________ _________ _________ _________ white audiences. (3) Woody Guthrie, known as a pioneer of _________ music, was _________ _________ a president. As he grew older, his songs became more humorous and optimistic. His belief is that it doesn’t matter if you’re black, white, …, you can do something _________ your life. Suggested Answers: (1) born, influential, in the history of, was short for (2) born, poetic, influenced, managed to, make an impression on (3) protest, named after, with Step 3. Homework 1. Ask Ss to review what we have learnt today. 2. Ask SS to preview Reading and Vocabulary. Period 2 Reading and Vocabulary Teaching Goals: 1. To help Ss improve their reading skills. 2. To let Ss master some words and phrases. 3. To get Ss to talk something about hip hop. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Leading-in Purpose: To let Ss arouse interest in learning about Hip Hop. Show a picture to Ss and ask them to answer some questions. (1) What are they doing in the picture? (2) Do you know what kind of dance do they dance? Suggested Answers: (1) They are dancing. (2) It’s hip-pop. Step 2 Vocabulary study Show Ss some pictures and introduce some new fashionable words. breakdancing graffiti art rapper DJ-ing Step 3 Reading Purpose: To get Ss to learn about Hip Hop. 1. Ask Ss read the passage quickly and try to catch the main idea of each part. Suggested Answers: Part 1: Hip hop is an American cultural movement which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, especially in a district called the Bronx. Part 2: MCs, another style of music known as rap was born. Part 3: There are two main reasons for the success of hip hop. Part 4: How did rap singers record their songs? (By the way, teacher can underline the new words and phrases in order to let Ss pay more attention to them.) 2. Ask Ss to read part 1 carefully and fill in the blanks: Hip Hop What When Where Main aspects Suggested Answer: Hip Hop What American cultural movement When Started in 1970s Where At block parties in New York Main aspects Breakdance, graffiti art, DJ-ing, rapping (MC-ing) 3. Ask Ss to read Part 2 carefully, and then answer the following questions. (1) Why did DJ Herc stop playing reggae music? (2) How did the DJs make the percussion breaks in the songs longer? (3) What were DJs who shouted during the songs called? (4) How long were the performances of the shouting DJs? (5) Apart from the DJs, what else happened at block parties? (6) What did they experiment with later? Suggested Answers: (1) Because he noticed that people didn’t like it. (2) By using two records on two turntables. (3) MCs (4) Hours (5) Breakdancing (6) They experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches. 4. Ask Ss to read Part 3 & 4 carefully, and then answer the questions. (1) What are the two reasons for the success of hip hop? (2) How did the first generation of rappers record their music? (3) Which city was the capital of hip hop in 1985? (4) Which style of rapping soon spread to other parts of the United States? (5) What is the new type of hip hop in England? Suggested Answers: (1) Firstly it’s cheap and easy. Secondly, people were bored with the pop music of the day, and hip hop took advantage of disco music and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco. (2) They recorded the backing tracks in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later. (3) New York (4) The East Coast rap (5) In England, a new music form emerged, called trip hop, a mixture of jazz, hip hop and electronic music. 5. Ask Ss to work in groups of four. Let them read the comments about hip hop music in Activity 7 on page 47, and express their own ideas. (Teachers can let Ss do the speaking together.) Step 4. Language Points 1. Ask Ss to discuss the important and difficult language points. (1) The words of early blues songs often consisted of a single line repeated two or three times before changing. 早期的藍調(diào)歌曲通常包含一句要反復唱兩三遍才換的歌詞。 consist of無被動態(tài)，類似用法的詞組還有： belong to, take place, happen, come true, come out, break out, etc. 【例】This is a charity committee ________ ten members. A. consists of B. consist of C. consisted of D. consisting of Key: D (2) …, but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables, side by side. side by side 肩并肩,相互扶持 Eg ① Two children are walking side by side. ② We stand side by side with you in this competition. ※【拓展】類似的短語還有: neck and neck “并駕齊驅(qū)地 head to head 交頭接耳地 (3) They experiment with different vocal and rhythmic approaches. 他們嘗試用不同的發(fā)聲和奏樂方法。 ◆ experiment with… 用……做實驗 Eg They are experimenting with new methods of teaching. ※【拓展】 experiment的其他用法： make/do/carry out/perform /try an experiment on/upon/in/ with 做實驗(試驗)，對……做實驗（試驗） by experiment通過實驗 Eg They find out what foods the baby likes by experiment. ◆ approach v & n （Teacher can present some sentences in order to review the meaning of approach. ① The time is approaching when we must leave. (vi來臨) ② As you approach the town the first building you see is the church. （vt走近） ③ His work is approaching perfection. （vt 近似，接近） ④ Did he approach you about lending him some money? （vt找……商量） ⑤ He approached the difficulty with great thought. （vt著手） ⑥ Our approach drove away the wild animals. （n走近） ⑦ All the approaches to the town were blocked. （n通路） ⑧ That professor’s new approach to language teaching was considered better than anyone else’s. （n方法，手段） (4) Disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid-1970s. 20世紀70年代中期迪斯科和搖滾樂都在走下坡路。 be in decline 在下降中,在衰退中 The company is in decline because of falling demand. ※【拓展】decline的其他用法： She is on the decline, and may die soon. （在下降中,在衰退中） She declined to help me. （拒絕） After his wife’s death, he fell into a decline. （失去力量、影響等；衰落） Our business has gone into a decline this year. (5) Hip hop took advantage of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco. take advantage of利用 Eg Why do you always want to take advantage of me? ※【拓展】advantage的其他詞組： ① ave the advantage of sb 比某人強 Eg You really have the advantage of me. ②… be to one’s advantage ……對某人有利 Eg The agreement is to our advantage. ③ give sb an advantage (over) 使某人在……方面比較有利 【練習】 I think we should ________ Changjiang River, which can solve the power problem of some parts of China. (Key: D) A. have the advantage of B. take the advantage of C. be to it’s advantage of D. take advantage of (6) The new style soon spread to other parts of the United States. 這種風格很快就傳到了美國的其它地方。 spread to + n ……傳到了……地方 Eg That the news spread to his home is not a good business. spread解釋為“傳播”的意思時可與其它的介詞連用： spread through / across / from … to Eg ① The illness spread through the whole village. ② The fire spread from the factory the houses nearby. 2. Ask Ss to translate the following phrases. (1) cultural movement (2) block parties (3) especially (4) four main aspects (5) come from the term … (6) the percussion breaks (7) at the time (8) on two turntables (9) side by side (10) at the same time (11) the moment … (12) be bored with (13) be in decline (14) a strong beat (15) take advantage of … (16) add their vocals (17) the next generation of … (18) the capital of hip hop (19) spread to / across … (20) be based in … (21) a mixture of … (22) music play on computerSuggested Answers: (1) 文化運動 (2) 街區(qū)舞會 (3) 尤其是 (3) 四個主要的元素 (5) 來源于……的術(shù)語 (6) 打擊樂 (1) 當時 (8) 在兩個唱盤上 (9) 肩并肩，一起…… (10) 同時 (11) 一……就…… (12) 對……厭煩 (13) 走下坡路 (14) 節(jié)奏強烈 (15) 利用 (16) 加進他們的聲音 (17) 下一代…… (18) 嬉蹦樂之都 (19) 傳播到某個地方 (20) 駐足在…… (21) ……的混合物 (22) 電腦上播放的音樂 3. Ask Ss to listen to the tape and fill in the missing words. All You Need to Know About Hip Hop Part 1 What is hip hop and how did it start? Hip hop is an American (1) ___________________ which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, (2) ___________________ in a district called the Bronx. There are four main (3) ___________________ of hip hop: breakdance and graffiti art plus two types of hip hop music – DJ-ing and rapping. Rapping (4) ______________________ MC-ing (coming from the term master of ceremonies). The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they (5) ________________ that people (6) __________________ the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to. So they started repeating the percussion breaks. This is a (7) _________________ used by DJs in Jamaica. There were a lot of Jamaicans in New York who (8) _____________________. At first, they played a lot of reggae. Part 2 What was the big breakthrough? DJ Herc, one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time, noticed that New York audiences didn’t really like reggae music, so he started (9) ________________ other kinds of music, (10) __________________ rock and disco music. The percussion breaks were usually short, but Herc and other DJs made them (11) _______________ by using two records on two turntables, (12) ___________________. Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played. Shouting DJs became known as MCs. And so the style of music known as rap was born. (13) ___________________, MCs often performed for hours, repeating words and phrases and then improvising. (14) ________________, they experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches, using rhyming words, often words from African-American culture. (15) ____________________, people started breakingdancing at block parties. Part 3 Why was hip pop so successful? There are two main reasons. (16) _________________, it’s cheap and easy – you just need two turntables and a microphone. Anyone can be an MC, using songs which have already been recorded. (17) ____________________, people were bored with the pop music of the day – disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid-1970s. However, disco music had a strong beat, and it was easy to dance to. Hip hop (18) __________________ that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco! Part 4 How did rap singers record their song? (19) ____________________ that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without the singing) in the studio and the rappers added their vocal later. The next generation of rappers recorded their vocals at the same time as the musicians. New York was the capital of hip hop during the 1980s, and the style was known as East Coast rap. (20) ________________________________________________________ There were a lot of West Coast rappers based in California. In Miami, Florida, a new style developed, strongly influenced by Cuban and Puerto Rican music. In the late 1980s, hip hop spread across the world, to Japan, India and many parts of Europe, especially France, Belgium and Italy. In England, a new music form emerged, called trip hop, a mixture of jazz, hip hop and electronic music (for example, music played on computers). Suggested Answers: (1) cultural movement (2) especially (3) aspects (4) is also known as (5) noticed (6) preferred (7) technique (8) brought the idea with them (9) playing (10) including (11) longer (12) side by side (13) At the beginning (14) Later (15) At the same time (16) Firstly (17) Secondly (18) took advantage of (19) The first time (20) The style soon spread to other parts of the United States. Step 5. Speaking 1. Ask Ss to discuss what they have learnt in the reading passage. 2. Ask Ss to try to use their own words to retell the passage, the topic is the origins of hip hop. Step 6. Homework 1. Ask Ss to review what we have learnt today. 2. Ask Ss to finish Activity 2,3, 5, 6 on page 45-46. Period 3 Listening, Everyday English, Function Teaching Goals: 1. To enable Ss to know some skills of listening; 2. To study some daily expressions; 3. To learn some expressions of comparing the present and the past. Teaching Procedures: Step 1. Revision Check the answers to the answers of Activities 2, 3, 5, 6 on pages 45~46. Step 2. Listening 1. Let Ss finish Activity 1 on page 49 to learn the some new instructions. 2. Ask Ss to listen to the conversation and finish Activity 2 on page 49. 3. Ask Ss to listen to the tape and fill in the missing words. FX Noisy music Mother: Can you turn that down a bit? Daughter: ____(1)____ Mother: Turn down the music, please? It’s too ____(2)____? Daughter: Sorry! I can’t hear you. Wait a minute! FX Music turned down. Daughter: Sorry, mum. What did you say? Mother: ____(3)____ Daughter: Oh! Sorry! ____(4)____ Mother: I’m not surprised. Daughter: ____(5)____ Mother: I’m not surprised that you couldn’t hear me. Daughter: Was I playing the music too loud? Mother: Yes, you were. Daughter: Sorry. ____(6)____ Mother: What are you listening to? Daughter: A new American hip hop band. Mother: They’re very loud. Daughter: Yes. Great, aren’t they? Mother: What are they called? Daughter: ____(7)____. It isn’t my CD, it’s my friend Angela’s. Mother: Well, they aren’t my cup of tea. Bands are so much noisier than they used to be. Daughter: ____(8)____ I listened to one of your CDs ____ (9)____. It was REALLY loud! Mother: Well, when I was your age, we didn’t listen to such loud music. Daughter: ____(10)____ Mother: We didn’t! Daughter: Really? Mother: All right, we did. But we didn’t play music as loudly as you do these days. Daughter: OK. I’ll turn it down. Mother: Thank you. but why are inside listening to music anyway? It’s a beautiful day. When I was young, we used to spend much more time ____(11)____ than you do. Why don’t you turn the music off and go for a walk? Daughter: I don’t want to. Anyway, I’m waiting for a phone call. Mother: Who from? Daughter: Angela. She said she’d call me but she hasn’t. Mother: Why don’t you call her? Daughter: ____(12)____. Mother: Well, why don’t you go and see her? She only lives round the corner. Daughter: Yes! Good idea! She’s got more CDs than me. Mother: ____(13)____ … Suggested Answers: (1) What? (2) loud (3)I asked you to turn the music down! (4) Couldn’t hear you! (5) Pardon? (6) Didn’t mean to. (7) Don’t know (8) Not true! (9) the other day (10) I bet you did! (11) in the open air (12) It’s her turn to call me (13) Honestly 3. Ask Ss to fill in the blanks after listening. (1) The mother asked the daughter to ____________ ____________ the music ____________ ____________ for it’s too ____________. (2) The daughter felt sorry because she didn’t ____________ ____________. (3) What the daughter listened to is a new American ____________ ____________ ____________. (4) Mother said that music was not her ____________ ____________ ____________ and bands now are ____________ ____________ than they ____________ ____________ ____________. (5) Then the mother suggested the daughter ____________ ____________ the music and go for a walk because ____________ ____________. Suggested Answers: (1) turn down, a bit, loud (2) mean to (3) hip hop band (4) cup of tea, much noisier, used to be