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教學(xué)無憂http://jiaoxue5u.taobao.com/專注中小學(xué) 教學(xué)事業(yè)！ 高考英語一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版選修八Module 1 知識詳解 ① adapt　v．　使適應(yīng)；改編，改寫 (回歸課本P2)Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme conditions. 但南極洲仍然棲息著很多野生生物，它們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了那里極其惡劣的條件。 13 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Young kids often adapt themselves quickly to a new environment. 小孩子往往很快就能適應(yīng)新環(huán)境。 ②Everyone needs to do something to adapt to the social and economical changes. 每個人都要采取措施來適應(yīng)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化。 ③Many of Dickens’ books have been adapted as films. 狄更斯的許多書都已改編成電影。 【即境活用】 1．When they moved to Canada，the children ________ the surroundings very well. A．a(chǎn)dapted to　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)dopt to C．used to D．a(chǎn)ttempted to 解析：選A。adapt to適應(yīng)(新環(huán)境等)；adopt 采納；used to過去常?！?；attempt to試圖，嘗試。根據(jù)句意，選擇A。 2．完成句子 How do these insects ______________________ ______________________________________? 這些昆蟲怎樣使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境？ 答案：adapt themselves to new environments ②balance v．(使)平衡；(使)平穩(wěn)；權(quán)衡，比較 n．平衡，均衡；天平 (回歸課本P3)But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north. 但是2000多年以前，希臘的地理學(xué)家認(rèn)為地球南邊有一塊陸地與北邊的陸地保持平衡。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The school aims to balance the amount of time spent on arts and science subjects. 這所學(xué)校在時間安排上力爭做到文理并重。 ②He kept his balance with his arms on top of the wall. 他在墻頭上用胳膊保持平衡。 ③If humans continue to destroy the forest，they will break the balance of nature. 如果人類繼續(xù)破壞森林，他們將打破生態(tài)平衡。 ④Tourists often disturb the delicate balance of nature on the island. 觀光客常常破壞島上微妙的自然生態(tài)平衡。 ⑤(牛津P135)The programme presented a balanced view of the two sides of the conflict. 節(jié)目公平地反映了沖突雙方的情況。 【即境活用】 3．The reason for his ________ was illness，but everyone knew he’d gone to a football match. A．a(chǎn)bsence　　　　　B．emergency C．balance D．isolation 解析：選A。句意：他稱病缺席，但誰都知道他是去看足球比賽了。absence缺席；emergency緊急情況；balance平衡；isolation孤立。由題意可知，A項正確。 4．完成句子 The girl ________________ and fell off the balance beam. 小女孩失去了平衡，從平衡木上摔了下來。 答案：lost her balance ③absence　n．　缺乏；沒有；缺席 (回歸課本P11)Sunrise and sunset come once every six months，and in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome，and for some，depressing. 日出和日落每6個月才有一次，冬季完全不見日光會令人厭倦，對有些人來說令人沮喪。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①M(fèi)s.Leighton will be in charge during my absence. 我不在時，由萊頓女士負(fù)責(zé)。 ②I soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 我很快察覺到他缺課了。 ③(朗文P6)In the absence of a complete ban on smoking，employers should provide a separate place for smokers. 由于沒有完全禁煙，雇主應(yīng)該為吸煙者提供單獨(dú)的場所。 ④Chen Shuibian was absent from the court because of his bad condition.因為他身體狀況不好，陳水扁沒有出庭。 【即境活用】 5．In the ________ of evidence，the police could not take action against the man. A．lack　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)bsence C．shortage D．failure 解析：選B?？疾槊~辨析。in the absence of “缺乏”的意思。句意為“由于缺乏證據(jù)，警察無法對這個人采取行動。” ④discourage　v．　阻止，制止；使泄氣，使灰心，打消……的念頭 (回歸課本P11)We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas. 除了在特定區(qū)域，我們勸你不要吸煙。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The government will take measures to discourage the use of cars in cities. 政府將采取限制在城市使用汽車的措施。 ②(牛津P568)Learners can feel very discouraged if an exercise is too difficult. 如果練習(xí)太難，學(xué)習(xí)者就可能感到很沒信心。 ③(牛津P568)His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.他的父母試圖阻止他當(dāng)演員。 ④The unfavorable reviews of his first novel were a great discouragement to him. 他第一本小說所得的不利評論令他極其灰心喪氣。 【即境活用】 6．It is _______ that so many young athletes are coming into the team. A．encouraging　　　B．discouraging C．encouraged D．discouraged 解析：選A。句意為“這么多年輕運(yùn)動員進(jìn)入到隊伍中真鼓舞人心?！? 7.All the employees except the manager ________ to work online at home. A．encourages B．encourage C．is encouraged D．a(chǎn)re encouraged 解析：選D。考查動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時與語態(tài)問題以及主謂一致原則。主語為all the employees,而except the manager為介詞短語，不影響主語與謂語關(guān)系，即謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，排除A項和C項；又因all the employees與encourage之間為被動關(guān)系，故選D項。 ⑤promote　vt.　促進(jìn)；增進(jìn)；晉升，使升級；促銷；推銷 (回歸課本P3)In particular，it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste；to promote international scientific projects；and to end arguments about who owns the land. 該條約尤其致力于保護(hù)南極洲不受核試驗以及放射性廢物的污染，推進(jìn)國際科研項目，并且終止那些關(guān)于這片土地所有權(quán)的爭論。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The government is committed to promote the development and use of public transport. 政府致力于倡導(dǎo)公共交通的發(fā)展和使用。 ②They often have a talk to each other to promote understanding. 他們經(jīng)常相互交談以增進(jìn)了解。 ③Our English teacher has been promoted to headmaster. 我們的英語老師已被提升為校長了。 ④We launched a big advertising campaign to promote our new products. 我們發(fā)動了一場聲勢浩大的廣告宣傳，旨在推銷我們的新產(chǎn)品。 【即境活用】 8．(廈門模擬)The general manager declared that whoever performed well would be ________ to a higher position. A．evolved　　　　　 B．promoted C．dominated D．a(chǎn)llocated 解析：選B。句意為：“總經(jīng)理宣布誰表現(xiàn)出色認(rèn)真就會被晉升更高的職位。” 9.The cultural exchanges between the two countries help to ________ the understanding and friendship between the two peoples. A．increase B．raise C．a(chǎn)dd D．promote 解析：選D。句意是：兩個國家之間的文化交流促進(jìn)了兩個民族之間的理解和友誼。此句要用promote表示“促進(jìn)”。increase“增加”；raise“提高”；add“添加”。 ⑥ stand out　顯眼，突出，醒目；杰出 (回歸課本P3)Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour，they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect. 南極洲的大多數(shù)巖石是深色的，它們在白色冰雪的映襯下格外顯眼，也就易于識別和搜集。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Fred was very tall and stood out in the crowd. 高大的弗雷德在人群中特別顯眼。 ②It stands out a mile what has to be done. 應(yīng)該做什么再明顯不過了。 ③I think black lettering will stand out best on a yellow sign. 我認(rèn)為黃色標(biāo)志上用黑色字體最醒目。 ④(牛津P1962)She couldn’t stand being kept waiting. 叫她等著，她會受不了。 【即境活用】 10．—How can I pick out your car in the parking lot? —It’s easy.The bright colour of my car makes it ________. A．turn out　　　　　B．stick out C．stand out D．get out 解析：選C。答句句意為“很容易。我的車的顏色很鮮艷，非常顯眼?！彼栽谕＼噲龊苋菀渍业?。 11.Hey，that dress is making you ________ in a crowd so everyone can recognize you. A．turn out B．stand out C．go out D．break out 解析：選B?？疾閯釉~短語。stand out“突出”。句意為“你那身衣服在人群中很顯眼，大家都能認(rèn)出你來?！? ⑦in case of　如果；假使；萬一 (回歸課本P11)Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency. 如有緊急情況會有醫(yī)療援助。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①In case of bad weather，the wedding will be held indoors. 萬一天氣不好，婚禮將在室內(nèi)舉行。 ②I have kept a reserve fund in case of accidents. 我已籌備了一筆準(zhǔn)備基金以防不測。 ③In case she comes back，let me know immediately. 如果她回來了，立刻告訴我。 ④In no case should you forget your task. 你決不能忘記自己的任務(wù)。 ⑤You have finished，haven’t you？In that case，you may have a rest. 你已經(jīng)完工了，是不是？既然那樣，你可以休息一下。 【即境活用】 12．(山東濟(jì)南三模)—The map will be of help? —Take it with you ________ you get lost in the forest. A．so that　　　　　B．even if C．a(chǎn)s long as D．in case 解析：選D。句意為“這地圖會很有用嗎？” “隨身帶著，以免在森林里迷路。”in case引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示“萬一，以免”的意思。 13.During the war，soldiers had to keep guns with them all the time ________ emergency and danger. A．because of B．in any case C．in case of D．in spite of 解析：選C。in case of emergency and danger表示目的，意為“以防有危急情況和危險”。 ⑧break up　打破；解散；停止；分解 (回歸課本P7)But when land came into sight，the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break up. 但是當(dāng)陸地出現(xiàn)在眼前時，“耐力”號卻陷入冰層并開始解體。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Hearing the news，he broke into tears. 一聽到這消息他突然哭起來了。 ②(牛津P234)The meetings broke up at eleven o’clock. 會議在十一點(diǎn)散會。 ③He broke up the fight between the two gangs. 他制止了兩伙人打架。 ④She broke up the glass in her search for money. 她在找錢時把玻璃打碎了。 ⑤The boys will break up for the Christmas vacation next week. 孩子們下周放圣誕假。 【即境活用】 14.—Why did the police ________ the crowd? —Because the president’s car ________ in the street. A．break down；broke down B．break up；broke up C．break down；broke up D．break up；broke down 解析：選D。句意是：“——為什么警察把人群驅(qū)散？”“——因為總統(tǒng)的車在路上出故障了?！钡谝粋€空表示“使……解散”，用break up；第二個空用broke down表示汽車出故障。 15．(江蘇啟東中學(xué))Since you want to make up with her，you should be the first to ________ the misunderstanding. A．clear up　　　　　B．break up C．take up D．follow up 解析：選A。A項表示“整理，收拾；消除，解除(誤解等)；(天氣)放晴”；B項表示“打碎，拆散；分裂，分解；(集會)結(jié)束”；C項表示“占(時間、空間)；從事；拿起；繼續(xù)講述”；D項表示“跟進(jìn)，補(bǔ)充，采取后續(xù)行動(加強(qiáng)效果)……”，根據(jù)語境分析，這里指的是“消除誤解”，所以選A。 句型梳理 【教材原句】　Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.(P3) 直到18世紀(jì)末，英國探險家詹姆斯·庫克才穿越了南極圈，但他卻從未發(fā)現(xiàn)任何陸地。 【句法分析】　該句是一個倒裝句，其相當(dāng)于: The British explorer James Cook didn’t cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century，but he never saw land. 1)not until...did＋主語 直到……才…… ...until... 直到……的時候 not...until... 直到……才…… ①Not until midnight did he go to bed. ＝He didn’t go to bed until midnight. ＝It wasn’t until midnight that he went to bed. 直到半夜(以后)他才上床睡覺。 2)在句型“主句＋until/till＋時間狀語從句或狀語”中，尤其應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1)主句中動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，如leave，graduate，break等時，必須用否定形式。 (2)主句中動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，肯定、否定形式都可以，但意義完全不同?？隙ň浔硎緞幼骰驙顟B(tài)的結(jié)束，否定句表示動作或狀態(tài)的開始。 ②You are to stay here until/till your mother comes back. 你要呆到你媽媽回來。 ③Until then，I knew nothing at all about it. 直到那時，我對那件事還一無所知。 ④Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was. 直到河里的魚都死了，村民們才意識到污染的嚴(yán)重性。 ⑤It was not until today that it was made publicly. 那件事直到今天才被公布出來。 【即境活用】 16．(江蘇四市聯(lián)考)—How much do you know about the 3D film technology? —A little.Not until ________ the hot movie Avatar ________ some about it. A．did I see；did I begin to learn B．I saw；I began to learn C．I saw；did I begin to learn D．did I see；I began to learn 解析：選C。答句句意為“一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。直到我上次看到熱播電影阿凡達(dá)，我才對3D電影有所了解?！眓ot until引導(dǎo)的狀語從句位于句首，主句使用倒裝語序。 17.(福建永安一中)Not until it was dark ________，which made his mother worried. A．he showed off　　B．that he showed up C．did he show up D．had he showed up 解析：選C。句意為：直到天黑了他才回來，這使得他媽媽很擔(dān)心。not until從句位于句首，主句要用部分倒裝，且由句意知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用一般過去時，故選C。本句還可轉(zhuǎn)化為：He didn’t show up until it was dark.。 18.It is not until ________ the things ________ we used to have ________ we learn to cherish. A．do we lose；/; that B．we lose；that；that C．we do lose；what；what D．do we lose；what；that 解析：選B。這是it is not until...引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，第二個是定語從句，that是the things的引導(dǎo)詞，第三個空引導(dǎo)一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，須用that。句意：直到我們失去了我們曾經(jīng)擁有的東西，我們才學(xué)會珍惜。 客服唯一聯(lián)系qq 1119139686 歡迎跟我們聯(lián)系