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編號(hào) 無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 相關(guān)資料 題目： 混輾式混砂機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化專(zhuān)業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào)： 　　　 0923203　　　　 學(xué)生姓名： 宦乾元 指導(dǎo)教師： 　 范圣耀 （職稱(chēng)：副教授 ） 2013年5月20日 目 錄 一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）開(kāi)題報(bào)告 二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯及原文 三、學(xué)生“畢業(yè)論文（論文）計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度、檢查及落實(shí)表” 四、實(shí)習(xí)鑒定表 無(wú)錫太湖學(xué)院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 開(kāi)題報(bào)告 題目： 混輾式混砂機(jī)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 信機(jī) 系 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)及自動(dòng)化 專(zhuān)業(yè) 學(xué) 號(hào)： 0923203 學(xué)生姓名： 宦乾元 指導(dǎo)教師： 范圣耀 （職稱(chēng)：副教授 ） 2013年5月15日 課題來(lái)源 無(wú)錫宜興某工程設(shè)備有限公司 科學(xué)依據(jù)（包括課題的科學(xué)意義；國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況、水平和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)；應(yīng)用前景等） （1）課題科學(xué)意義 混砂機(jī)是使型砂中各組分均勻混合，并使黏結(jié)劑有效地包覆在砂粒表面的設(shè)備?；焐皺C(jī)(sand mixer)利用碾輪與碾盤(pán)的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，將置于兩者間的物料受到碾壓兼磨削的作用而粉碎物料，混砂機(jī)在粉碎物料的同時(shí)還將物料混合。是生產(chǎn)免燒磚、灰砂磚、水泥磚、耐火磚、粉碎和混合粉煤灰、鍋爐爐渣、尾礦渣及工業(yè)廢渣作制磚原料的理想設(shè)備。 （2）混砂機(jī)的研究狀況及其發(fā)展前景 混砂機(jī)在粉碎物料的同時(shí)還將物料混合。是生產(chǎn)免燒磚、灰砂磚、水泥磚、耐火磚、粉碎和混合粉煤灰、鍋爐爐渣、尾礦渣及工業(yè)廢渣作制磚原料的理想設(shè)備?；焐皺C(jī)是砂處理系統(tǒng)的主要設(shè)備?；焐皺C(jī)碾輪長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在粘土砂中碾轉(zhuǎn)工作，其碾輪軸承經(jīng)常由于密封不好而損壞，影響碾砂工作效率?；燧毷交焐皺C(jī)配置具有一定重量的輾輪，混砂時(shí)輾輪既能?chē)@混砂機(jī)的主軸公轉(zhuǎn)，又能?chē)@輾輪軸自轉(zhuǎn)。輾輪在輾壓的同時(shí)搓研型砂，使型砂顆粒覆上一層黏結(jié)劑的薄膜。混制面砂和芯砂時(shí)，混砂質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)於其他混砂機(jī)。50年代初曾有用彈簧加壓的混輾式混砂機(jī)。由于采用彈簧加壓，輾輪自重減輕，可用較高的主軸轉(zhuǎn)速，同時(shí)輾壓力可以隨被輾壓砂層的厚度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)，從而保證混砂效果均勻一致，提高了混砂的效率。有如下的特點(diǎn)： 1、根據(jù)脂硬化水玻璃砂工藝要求精心選擇液料過(guò)濾器、計(jì)量泵、閥，確保流量穩(wěn)定可靠。 2、該機(jī)在混砂時(shí)直接加入水玻璃和有機(jī)脂，經(jīng)高速混制，混制好的砂子能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)自硬，省去吹二氧化碳的步驟。 3、攪刀鑲有硬質(zhì)合金刀頭，獨(dú)特結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，能使砂子和水玻璃混制均勻，確保水玻璃均勻涂覆在砂子表面。 4、電氣采用PLC控制，模擬顯示，工作穩(wěn)定可靠，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)。 5、采用連續(xù)混砂機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，能極大提高混砂速度，擁有大回轉(zhuǎn)半徑的大臂，滿(mǎn)足了大型鑄件砂子的快速填充。 6、特殊的粘結(jié)劑加料系統(tǒng)和型砂出料口設(shè)計(jì)，配以精確的控制，混砂機(jī)啟動(dòng)停止過(guò)程中可實(shí)現(xiàn)基本無(wú)頭尾砂損失。 這些是特點(diǎn)的不斷提升，和智能化的融合是混砂機(jī)的發(fā)展的必然方向。混出的型砂也會(huì)質(zhì)量越高，數(shù)量越多，操作越簡(jiǎn)單，維護(hù)越方便。 研究?jī)?nèi)容 1.如何滿(mǎn)足混砂機(jī)傳動(dòng)裝置傳動(dòng)比和承載能力要求； 2.使得混砂機(jī)的卸砂門(mén)的氣動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的氣缸少，投資小，機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單； 3.使得混砂機(jī)的控制部件實(shí)現(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)單的PLC控制； 4.要使減速機(jī)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，成本低，易于制造，安裝、調(diào)整要求低，運(yùn)行維護(hù)方便，可靠性更強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。 擬采取的研究方法、技術(shù)路線、實(shí)驗(yàn)方案及可行性分析 （1）研究方案 尋找成熟的結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的方案變更，加入PLC的控制和選擇設(shè)計(jì)適應(yīng)的汽缸，從而使其更加方便，高效，便宜。 （2）研究方法 1.閱讀相關(guān)的材料，記錄相關(guān)的要點(diǎn)； 2.根據(jù)專(zhuān)業(yè)課的所學(xué)進(jìn)行CAD畫(huà)圖，PLC設(shè)計(jì)，傳動(dòng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的計(jì)算以及汽缸選擇。 研究計(jì)劃及預(yù)期成果 研究計(jì)劃： 2012年11月12日-2012年12月25日：按照任務(wù)書(shū)要求尋找并查閱論文相關(guān)參考資料，填寫(xiě)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告書(shū)。 2012年12月11日-2013年3月5日：尋找相關(guān)的英語(yǔ)資料，并學(xué)習(xí)研究翻譯資料。 2013年3月8日-2013年3月14日：構(gòu)思論文結(jié)構(gòu)，和需要的圖紙，并要求修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)題報(bào)告。 2013年3月15日-2013年3月21日：學(xué)習(xí)并翻譯一篇與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文材料。 2013年3月22日-2013年4月11日：混砂機(jī)原理和大體結(jié)構(gòu)，確定需要的參數(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)。 畫(huà)除傳動(dòng)外的機(jī)械圖。 2013年4月12日-2013年4月25日：傳動(dòng)與汽缸部分的選擇，設(shè)計(jì)并計(jì)算，并畫(huà)圖。 2013年4月26日-2013年5月21日：整合以上的資料，撰寫(xiě)畢業(yè)論文。 預(yù)期成果： 不僅要滿(mǎn)足混砂機(jī)傳動(dòng)裝置傳動(dòng)比和承載能力要求，而且要使減速機(jī)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，成本低，易于制造，安裝、調(diào)整要求低，運(yùn)行維護(hù)方便，可靠性更強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)。和汽缸結(jié)構(gòu)的 特色或創(chuàng)新之處 ① 提高功率，混砂質(zhì)量，使用時(shí)間，功能穩(wěn)定。 ②具有承載能力大，效率高等突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)；混砂機(jī)重量、外形尺寸減小，整機(jī)性能提高。 已具備的條件和尚需解決的問(wèn)題 ① 已有相應(yīng)的資料。有減速傳動(dòng)的課程設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 ② 混砂機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)各部分之間如何靈活，協(xié)調(diào)配合性能可以整體提升。 指導(dǎo)教師意見(jiàn) 指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日 教研室（學(xué)科組、研究所）意見(jiàn) 教研室主任簽名： 年 月 日 系意見(jiàn) 主管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名： 年 月 日 英文原文 英語(yǔ)原文 Sand mixer Abstract: A foundry sand mixer for mixing and dispensing silica or green sand and their additives through the enclosed longitudinal belt conveyor mechanism having a plurality of openings in the top communicating with a first feeder disposed above the enclosed longitudinal belt conveyor mechanism and including a pair of openings in the bottom. The first feeder includes an auger-type conveyor and a sand weir communicating with the most upstream opening in the first feeder. A first hopper for containing silica sand and a second hopper for containing green sand are disposed over the first feeder. A selective valve is disposed at the bottom of each of the first and second hoppers permitting the flow of sand through only one of the hoppers at any time or preventing the flow of any sand from the hoppers. The mixer may include additional feeders, some of which are disposed above and downstream from the first feeder, and others including pumps are connected to a plurality of fluids that are fed through a constant speed mixer where the materials are mixed and the mixed materials delivered at a discharge opening. Inventors:Frankie, Donald M. (1599 Gull La., Mound, MN, 55364) Claims: 1. In a foundry sand mixer for mixing and dispensing silica or green sand and their additives, the combination comprising: (a) a support frame pivotal about a vertical axis and having a platform extending radially therefrom; (b) an enclosure including an enclosed longitudinal belt conveyor mechanism extending above said platform and having a plurality of openings in the top of the enclosure communicating with said belt conveyor mechanism; (c) first feeder means disposed above and at the most upstream location of said enclosed longitudinal belt conveyor mechanism, said first feeder means having a bottom and converging sloping sides communicating near the bottom with an auger-type conveyor, and having a pair of openings longitudinally separated in the bottom thereof feeding said belt conveyor; (d) a sand weir communicating with the most upstream opening of said pair of openings in said first feeder means, said sand weir disposed above said longitudinal belt conveyor mechanism for dispersing sand on said belt conveyor mechanism; (e) a first hopper for containing silica sand disposed over the upstream portion of said first feeder means; (f) a second hopper for containing green sand disposed downstream from said first hopper and over said first feeder means; (g) selective valve means disposed at the bottom of each of said first and second hoppers permitting the flow of sand through only one of said hoppers at any time or preventing the flow of any sand from said hoppers; (h) and control means operably connected to said selective valve means for selecting one of said two sands or neither to be dispensed onto said belt conveyor. 2. The structure set forth in claim 1 including: (i) a plurality of second feeder means disposed above said belt conveyor mechanism and at a downstream location from said first feeder means, each of said plurality of second feeder means having a bottom and converging sloping sides communicating near the bottom with an auger-type conveyor and having an opening in the bottom thereof feeding said belt conveyor; (j) a constant speed mixer disposed on said platform and arranged to receive granular and liquid materials, mix the materials and deliver the mixed materials at a discharge opening, said belt conveyor communicating with said mixer; (k) and a plurality of pump means connected to a plurality of fluids and communicating with said mixer. Description: This invention relates to the field of mixers and more particularly to the field of foundry sand mixers for mixing silica or green sand and their additives. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION While the art of mixing foundry sand per se through a mechanical process is generally known, there are attendant problems in attempting to use the same equipment for mixing green sand and its additives as generally might be used in a mixer using silica sand and its additives. Because of the inherent differences in the materials to be mixed and passed through the machine, the practice has generally been to use separate machines for each of the different foundry sand materials and processes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The embodiments of this improvement invention makes it possible to combine the necessary equipment into a single machine to mix either green sand or silica sand and their additives. Various means have been attempted to mix green sand which requires the addition of such other granular and dry ingredients as fire clay, bentonite, sea coal, pitch, wood flour and the like, along with an appropriate mixture of water. On the other hand, silica sand, which may also be known as a "no-bake" sand, is generally mixed with dry granular materials such as chromite and ferric oxide and several liquid ingredients which may include certain chemicals. Because certain green sand molds may be broken down after use and reused, green sand, when mixed with such components, provides a different flow pattern than that of silica sand. Silica sand flows through hoppers and equipment much like the flow of water whereas green sand has additional additives and mixtures that generally make it lumpy with attendant flow problems. Various means have been devised in the past to make a slurry of the additives and add them to the green sand but the mechanism does not prove to be useful in working with both types of molding sand. One such mechanism is that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,070,858 issued to J. S. Beacon. It is also known that certain silica sand or "no-bake" sand mixers have been available but are not operable to run green sand through them and mix the green sand in the manner generally attributable to silica sand. One such disclosure of a mechanism of this type is found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,682,448 isued to Kedzior et al. The present invention is an improvement upon the mechanism disclosed in my earlier U.S. Pat. No. 4,140,246 entitled PROPORTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR FOUNDRY SAND MIXING DEVICE. It is therefore a general object of the present invention to provide an improvement in foundry sand mixing equipment. It is a more specific object of this invention to provide a foundry sand mixer that will mix either silica sand or foundry green sand and their additives. It is yet another object of this invention to provide a foundry sand mixer in which either silica sand or foundry green sand is controlled by a valve mechanism selectively depositing one or the other on a belt conveyor for proper mixing. These and other objects and advantages of the invention will more fully appear from the following description, made in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters refer to the same or similar parts throughout the several views, and in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mixer control circuit; FIGS. 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams of the drive circuits for all of the variable speed motors driving feeders and pumps in the invention; FIG. 4 is a diagram of the control panel on the end of the mixer; and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the selective sand valve. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Reference is now made to FIG. 1 wherein the foundry sand mixer 10 is disclosed. The mixer is secured to a base 11 that has a vertical axis about which a housing 12 pivots, housing 12 having a cantilever beam 13 extending radially therefrom. At the upstream end of the mechanism, a bracket 14 supports one end of an enclosed conveyor mechanism 15 and the other end of conveyor mechanism 15 is supported by a chute 16 that acts as a support bracket that is indirectly secured to beam 13. A belt conveyor 17 is disposed within the housing 15 and is supported for movement by a plurality of horizontal transversely oriented rollers 20. A direct current drive motor 21 is connected to the downstream end roller to drive the belt conveyor mechanism 17. Disposed above the enclosed conveyor 15 is a first feeder 22 which is elevated slightly above the conveyor enclosure 15. Feeder 22 is in the nature of a container having sloping sides converging at the bottom with an auger-type conveyor 23 driven by a variable speed motor 24. Feeder 22 has its sides extending upwardly at an angle of approximately 30 degrees with a vertical and it has been found that if the sides extend outwardly so that the angle with the vertical is approximately 45 degrees, flow of the green sand will be encumbered. Feeder 22 has two openings in the bottom thereof, the first terminating in a sand weir 25 which is at the upstream location with respect to the longitudinal dimension of the feeder and is directly beneath a silica sand hopper 26. Disposed downstream from said weir 25 is a tubular member 27 that communicates between an opening 30 in the bottom of first feeder 22 and the top of the enclosed conveyor mechanism 15. Disposed across the opening 30 is a scarifier 31 in the nature of two right angle diametrically oriented rods that are used to break up any lumps that may still exist upon being conveyed to that opening by auger conveyor 23. Silica sand hopper 26 is disclosed as being generally rectangular in shape having a common side 32 which acts as a separator with another hopper 33 that is used to contain green sand. The sides of the hoppers slope downwardly in a converging manner and are terminated in a pair of chutes 34 and 35. A selective valve 36 is disposed across the openings of chutes 34 and 35 so that upon movement to the right (as seen in FIG. 1) sand will flow from hopper 26 through chute 34 into first feeder 22 but block flow of sand through chute 35 and upon movement to the left, valve means will permit flow of green sand from hopper 33 through chute 35 but block the movement of silica sand. In other words, either silica sand or green sand is admitted during the two extreme movements and while the valve is in its center position, sand is restricted from movement into either chute 34 or 35. Selective valve 36 is controlled by an air cylinder 37 that has a piston rod 38 connected to valve 36 through a linkage 40. A solenoid actuated valve 41 is connected to a source of pressurized air 42 through a pneumatic line 43. The source of air under pressure is generally 100 psi for good operating conditions. A pair of pneumatic lines 44 and 45 connect solenoid valve 41 with air cylinder 37 and the solenoid coils are controlled through an electrical circuit connected to the solenoid valve 41. A 110 volt source is connected through a common lead 46 to solenoid valve 41 and one coil has its return current path through a conductor 47 and one terminal of a single pole double throw switch 50. The switch blade is connected to the other terminal of the 110 volt source through a conductor 51. Another coil in the solenoid valve 41 is connected through the electrical circuit by a conductor 52 connected to another terminal of switch 50. As disclosed in FIG. 5, when the switch blade is connected with conductor 47, the silica sand or "no-bake" sand is permitted to pass through valve mechanism 36 and when the other portion of the solenoid valve is actuated through conductor 52, the green sand is permitted to pass through valve 36. A second feeder 53 is disposed above the conveyor enclosure 15 downstream from first feeder 22. Second feeder 53 has the same general shape and configuration as that of first feeder 22 and includes a conveyor auger 54 driven by a variable speed motor 55 through a pair of sprockets 56 and 57 and a chain 58. Second feeder 53 has an opening in its bottom near the downstream end of auger conveyor 54 which is coupled to the housing 15 through a tubular member 60. Disposed above the auger conveyor 54 is a stirrer 61 that is in the form of shaft extending parallel to the shaft of the auger conveyor 54 and having a plurality of branches or arms extending therefrom, which when the assembly is turned tends to break up any bridges or lumping of materials such as bentonite or sea coal. A pair of sprockets and a chain drive stirrer 61 form the shaft of auger conveyor 54. A third feeder 62 is disposed downstream from second feeder 53 and is generally identical for the most part to that of second feeder 53. Feeder 62 also contains an augur-type conveyor 63 driven by variable speed motor 64 with a tubular section 65 connecting the opening in the bottom of the feeder through an opening in the top of conveyor housing 15. Disposed at the bottom of the housing or compartment 12 is a pair of liquid containers 70 and 71 which may contain chemicals or may contain water, depending upon the type of additive to be made to the particular sand which is being mixed. Container 70 is connected to a pump 72 through a pipe 73 communicating with container 70 and an outlet line 74 is connected to pump 72. In a similar manner, a pump 75 is connected to fluid in container 71 through a pipe 76 and the outlet of pump 75 is dispensed through a pipe or line 77. A pair of variable speed motors 80 and 81 is respectively connected to pumps 72 and 75 to dispense the liquids contained in containers 70 and 71. The variable speed motors described are conventional variable speed direct current motors and are generally 3/4 H.P. in size. Air cylinder 37 is approximately one and one-half inches in diameter and has a six inch stroke and is manufactured by Lynair under Model No. AB102-6 whereas the solenoid valve 14 is of the type manufactured by Novi, Model 25C4E. A cylindrical mixer 90 is secured to beam 13 by suitable means and has a plurality of paddles 91 carried by a shaft 92 that does the actual mixing. Shaft 92 is connected to a constant speed motor 93 by suitable means such as a coupling or clutch. Chute 16 receives materials from conveyor 17 through an opening formed in the downstream end beyond the end of conveyor 17. The lower end of chute 16 opens into a segment of mixer 90 at the upstream side thereof. Fluid-carrying pipes 74 and 77 are also connected to mixer 90 near the downstream side of the mixer. In FIG. 2, the mixer motor drive circuit is disclosed in which a three phase 220 volt power line applies power through lines L1, L2 and L3 to mixer motor 93 through three relay contacts, all designated mixer starter contacts M1. The 220 volt line is connected to a transformer TR1 where a voltage reduction takes place in the secondary and 110 volt single phase alternating current is obtained and is applied to one line as a common or neutral line 100. A mixer motor relay M1 has its coil connected between line 100 and another line 101 connected to the secondary of transformer TR1 through a normally closed Mixer Stop pushbutton switch 102 and a normally open Mixer Start switch 103. In parallel with switch 103 is another pair of normally open relay contacts M1. Electrical line 101 is extended in a parallel path through another set of relay contacts M1 which are closed upon depressing start switch 103 and upon depressing another normally open pushbutton switch 104 current is applied to a pump motor start relay CR1 that is also connected to neutral line 100. Upon pulling the switch button for switch 104, the circuit is opened. In parallel with switch 104 and control relay CR1 is another normally open double pole pushbutton switch identified as a SAND AND PUMP SWITCH 105, and upon closing connects another control relay CR2 with neutral line 100. Another control relay CR3 is connected in parallel with control relay CR2 through the second set of contacts in switch 105. Control relay CR2 is used to energize all of the pump circuits and control relay CR3 is used to energize all of the feeders that are used to supply additives by the feeders. At the bottom of the circuit is shown the sand selector switch 50 that is connected to the solenoid coil of solenoid valve 41, causing the valve to be actuated and apply fluid under pressure to the cylinder to cause the movement of valve 36. Turning now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the electrical schematic of the variable speed drive motors will now be described. Alternating current of 230 volts single phase is applied through a switch 106 to each of the different mechanisms that may be in addition to the belt conveyor, feeders or pumps. A discussion of a portion of the circuit will be germain to the remainder where the various circuits and variable speed drive mechanisms are substantially identical to each other. Power is applied to channel 1 and the circuit in association with motor 21. The variable speed drive has a feed back circuit which works through a toothed wheel 107 that is sensed by a magnetic sensor 108 and the signal supplied to the circuit board 110. Circuit board 110 also has the field connections for the motor connected thereto as well as the armature connections through appropriate relay contacts identified as the relays shown in FIG. 2. Circuit board 110 is further identified as a TF1