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南 京 理 工 大 學(xué) 紫 金 學(xué) 院 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文資料翻譯 系： 06機(jī)械系 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動(dòng)化 姓 名： 許靜偉 學(xué) 號(hào)： 060104260 (用外文寫) 外文出處：SEMI AUTOMATIC PREPARATION OF COLLECTION MAIL FOR FACER CANCELER 附 件： 1.外文資料翻譯譯文；2.外文原文。 指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語(yǔ)： 簽名： 年 月 日 注：請(qǐng)將該封面與附件裝訂成冊(cè)。 附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文 法國(guó) 半自動(dòng)郵件收集分揀裝置 M. Didier Thieriot La Poste M. Laurent Baufreton La Poste 摘要 郵件準(zhǔn)備工作的最后步驟之一，主要仍是在法國(guó)進(jìn)行手動(dòng)操作。 進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究的不同數(shù)據(jù)表明自動(dòng)化分揀顯示出較便宜，除了傳統(tǒng)的慢手工分揀設(shè)備中需要，也可以在主要排序中心中使用。其主要目的是參與并找出從中存在的問題，這也為了在今天籌備過(guò)程中，薄弱環(huán)節(jié)能在合作與分工的工作中所體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。 為了分離和堆棧郵件，法國(guó)郵政選擇了半自動(dòng)裝置與NEC生產(chǎn)的剔除裝置結(jié)合使用，是一種取代手工分揀的機(jī)器。這種裝置名為'自動(dòng)化分揀裝置'，是在位于裝置上游進(jìn)行分揀與剔除。該系統(tǒng)幫助合作社自動(dòng)剔除和堆棧上游的可分揀郵件。 這個(gè)介紹描述了本設(shè)備的職能和性能。 導(dǎo)言 上下文 在1998年，法國(guó)郵政收購(gòu)了11家NEC裝置以準(zhǔn)備成立從郵筒收集郵件的分揀中心。這些機(jī)器只有當(dāng)C5尺寸的郵件通過(guò)時(shí)才會(huì)被收入否則就被剔除。 目前，郵件從郵筒收集必須手動(dòng)處理。此郵件是有帶字母，扁平，非加工信件組成。扁平和非加工信件約占8％左右。 手工操作的主要內(nèi)容是從大量郵件流中剔除扁平和厚厚的信件，然后堆放到處理信件的手工分揀設(shè)備中。此操作并不需要特別的設(shè)備，只需要一個(gè)大桌，一些小盤子。本裝置的缺點(diǎn)是它的低盈利性和低效率性，是一種非工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的郵政自動(dòng)化。 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 1 法國(guó) 目標(biāo) 法國(guó)郵政已開設(shè)一個(gè)專門的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，努力改善在這個(gè)郵件的一部分程序的編制單位。他的目標(biāo)是取得出線權(quán)，然后部署工作上層工業(yè)組織的11 NEC裝置。 功能描述 工藝 郵件功能界別的制備與NEC配備區(qū)機(jī)械化發(fā)展的主要特點(diǎn)如下： ? 郵件準(zhǔn)備任務(wù) ? 工作領(lǐng)域的體制改革工業(yè)化 ? 提高工作區(qū)的功能分析的工作效率 我們開展了對(duì)下列工作的流程研究（圖1）。 圖1 郵件制備流程 2 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 法國(guó) 當(dāng)人們開始考慮從各種形態(tài)的郵件中把它們按不同種類的分揀開時(shí)，就意味著技術(shù)解決方案的能力應(yīng)付的所有情況都將是復(fù)雜和昂貴的。 對(duì)這些決定保留人工剔除的的人的理由是這種方式適應(yīng)后箱郵件的特殊性，從而精心設(shè)計(jì)出一種舒適的座位工作站，以滿足這種需要。 機(jī)械化的主要是應(yīng)用于堆疊功能，是一種簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)解決方案的開發(fā)手段，以限制采購(gòu)和維護(hù)費(fèi)用。 技術(shù)說(shuō)明 ? 所需占地面積為自動(dòng)化分揀裝置的2個(gè)輸入站：5m80 x 4m70（不包括手動(dòng)部分） ? 電源供應(yīng)：220V伏特 /十六安培 ? 一剔除站吞吐量能達(dá)到8％的單位（不散裝）：14,000封/小時(shí) ? 吞吐量的堆疊模塊：30,000封/小時(shí) ? NEC公司的上游堆容量：2米（約1600封） 圖2 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 3 法國(guó) 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置在郵件中心的項(xiàng)目 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置已安裝完畢，自2002年11月運(yùn)營(yíng)。它的結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)傾斜的郵件收集盤的上料機(jī)構(gòu)。 有人指出，分流操作工能很快地適應(yīng)于設(shè)備的操作和贊賞坐著工作的這種方式。上料控制，踏板以一英尺的長(zhǎng)度，使他們能夠控制郵件流，因?yàn)樗堑礁綦x帶才卸載。這是一個(gè)很寬的，緩慢移動(dòng)帶，操作工有第二個(gè)腳踏，以避免任何溢出停止的可能性。機(jī)械化郵件的傳遞通過(guò)剔除站時(shí)沒有任何關(guān)于手動(dòng)執(zhí)行部分的行動(dòng)。 被剔除的扁平信件通過(guò)滾動(dòng)傳送帶放在盤的前面。完整的信件被托盤推入收集機(jī)構(gòu)，在其中一個(gè)輸送末尾是手動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。然后替換他們?yōu)榭胀斜P。觸點(diǎn)能檢查出任何厚厚的對(duì)象或那些其中包含形態(tài)中能有被識(shí)別特點(diǎn)的對(duì)象。 機(jī)械化郵件是從一個(gè)傾斜的傳送帶，進(jìn)入兩個(gè)分開的郵件流輸入站。然后通過(guò)一個(gè)小漏斗并隨機(jī)移動(dòng)到一個(gè)傾斜帶上。這個(gè)傳送帶不再帶動(dòng)在帶邊緣的那些信件。然后將它們堆積和儲(chǔ)存在一個(gè)2米的移動(dòng)堆中，它提供了郵件的NEC裝置手動(dòng)接駁。 安裝 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置很容易安裝，因?yàn)樗С侄喾N配置。因此，它可以適應(yīng)樓宇的設(shè)計(jì)，輸入站和單位輸出可以定位，以適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有的郵件流尺寸 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置的噪音低于68分貝。它由240伏為16A的電源供電，不需要任何其他動(dòng)力源。 項(xiàng)目管理 法國(guó)郵政建立了（圖3）與單個(gè)輸入站配備原型。之后，試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果進(jìn)令人鼓舞，設(shè)備是安裝在南特分揀中心，以測(cè)試在實(shí)際運(yùn)作情況的各項(xiàng)職能與性能。自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行的測(cè)試使用了真實(shí)的郵件。 該項(xiàng)目是在向幾個(gè)供應(yīng)商，以及FIMEC公司選擇建造的第一臺(tái)自動(dòng)化分揀裝置，在同行中達(dá)到領(lǐng)先水平。該設(shè)備安裝在南特分揀中心，兩個(gè)輸入剔除站，以驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。 在第一臺(tái)自動(dòng)化分揀裝置被測(cè)試認(rèn)證后，剩余的同類設(shè)備將會(huì)被陸續(xù)安裝。 4 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 法國(guó) 圖3 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置原型 第一次試驗(yàn)表明，有一個(gè)堆棧的操作存在質(zhì)量缺陷。這一缺陷具體表現(xiàn)為信件流的增加。 法國(guó)郵政和FIMEC在性能和吞吐量上作出了修改，目標(biāo)旨在提高堆棧的質(zhì)量。這些項(xiàng)目目前正在觀察，并將被FIMEC列入他們的系列產(chǎn)品中。而正確的運(yùn)作程序驗(yàn)證，將會(huì)在6月初展開。 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 5 法國(guó) 儲(chǔ)蓄 我們建議比較郵件的2種盈利能力方面的準(zhǔn)備，要根據(jù)單位和非比例加工信件的情況來(lái)確定。我們研究了從郵筒到大宗郵件流，這就是我們整齊地堆放在托盤上沒有郵件的郵件準(zhǔn)備區(qū)的入口。 1．自動(dòng)化收集分揀裝置帶剔除器：在2個(gè)剔除站單位成本的花銷上低于60 000歐元。 2．傳統(tǒng)的剔除裝置：在系列單位成本的剔除部分花銷估計(jì)為180000歐元 工作站設(shè)備的數(shù)目： 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置工作站的數(shù)量 2 ：分類站 1 ：垃圾郵件上料及接駁模塊 1 ：堆垛機(jī) 2或3：拒絕郵件處理，按單位和非比例 機(jī)械化郵件 吞吐量特點(diǎn)： 自動(dòng)裝置操作 該瓦楞機(jī)吞吐量為每小時(shí)30,000信，總是比自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)高;而后者是在從量的角度體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。后者的吞吐量可達(dá)每小時(shí)2.5萬(wàn)封。這吞吐量逐步呈下降趨勢(shì)，這取決于剔除操作工能力，以消除手工單位及非這些項(xiàng)目的比例上升機(jī)械化郵件等多方面因素。 6 手動(dòng)剔除裝置工作站的數(shù)量 1或2 ：群發(fā)郵件上料，根據(jù)單位和非比例 機(jī)械化電子郵件 1 ：堆垛機(jī) 2或3 ：拒絕郵件處理，按單位和非比例機(jī) 械化郵件 手動(dòng)裝置操作 手動(dòng)吞吐量可達(dá)每小時(shí)30000封。這吞吐量遞減，這取決于對(duì)剔除的能力，以消除部分自動(dòng)單位及非這些項(xiàng)目的比例上升機(jī)械化郵件等多方面因素。 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 法國(guó) 圖4 扁平和非機(jī)動(dòng)郵件的比例-吞吐量 盈利能力 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置解決了很多問題諸如使單位和非比例加工電子郵件的數(shù)量圍繞10％的平均水平。它實(shí)際上比以前更好因?yàn)樗容^輕，而且吞吐量也很不 錯(cuò)。如果一個(gè)自動(dòng)戳的維護(hù)費(fèi)用還高那就沒有道理了。 自動(dòng)剔除的選擇取決于單位和非比例的垃圾郵件流加工郵件這2種，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理時(shí)： ? 無(wú)論不可加工郵件的比例是高還是非常低的情況下：，手動(dòng)的吞吐量更高，自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)的吞吐量是有限的，是2.5萬(wàn)封，最高/小時(shí)， ? 只有在非高加工郵件比例的情況下：，手動(dòng)的吞吐量成為優(yōu)于自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)。 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 7 法國(guó) 圖5 扁平和非加工郵件的比例-盈利 結(jié)論 自動(dòng)化分揀裝置是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的裝置。手動(dòng)分離使所有非正常的個(gè)案進(jìn)入信箱郵件流進(jìn)行處理。該解決方案提供了高度自適應(yīng)的靈活性，以旨在針對(duì)郵件流的變化：它是更有效的，因?yàn)樗旁谌魏螜C(jī)械化操作上端。分流操作工能迅速掌握所需技能，這使得他們能夠在郵件生產(chǎn)單位多價(jià)情況情況下產(chǎn)生十分多樣的變化。 在修改方面的可能性來(lái)說(shuō)，自動(dòng)化分揀裝置配置使其能夠適應(yīng)不同布局和使郵件流在不同的地點(diǎn)組織到一起。 修改可以使有關(guān)個(gè)例在分離分流站被直接剔除。 最后，適當(dāng)?shù)耐顿Y成本表明也保證自動(dòng)化分揀機(jī)構(gòu)早期的盈利能力。 詞匯表 APEC 自動(dòng)分揀裝置 CFC 手動(dòng)剔除裝置 FC 剔除裝置 8 第15屆國(guó)際郵政自動(dòng)化會(huì)議 附件2：外文原文 FRANCE SEMI AUTOMATIC PREPARATION OF COLLECTION MAIL FOR FACER CANCELER M. Didier Thieriot La Poste M. Laurent Baufreton La Poste Abstract Letter mail preparation is one of the last operations which is still done chiefly manually in France. A study carried out on different scenarii of automation shows the need for less expensive, slower machines besides the traditional CFCs, that can be used in the major sorting centres. The main objective was to organise the tasks involved, which are today the weak link in the preparation process, where operatives work with large tables and rudimentary equipment. To segregate and stack the mail, La Poste has chosen a semi-automatic device used in conjunction with the NEC Facer-Canceller (FC) machine. This device, named ‘APEC’, is located upstream of the facer-canceller-sorter machine. The system helps the operatives to cull and stack the mail upstream of the automatic preparation of machinable mail. This presentation describes the functions and performance of this equipment. Introduction Context In the year 1998, La Poste bought 11 NEC Facer Cancellers to prepare the mail collected from post boxes in sorting centres. These machines require at the input a stack of mail whose maximum size is C5 format and from which the thick mail items have been removed. Currently, the mail collected from post boxes must be processed manually. This mail is composed of letters, flats, and non-machinable letters. Flats and non-machinable letters are about 8% of the total. The manual operations principally consist of culling the flats and thick letters from the bulk mail flow, and then stacking letters for FC processing. This operation requires no special equipment, only a large table and some trays. The disadvantages of the present organisation are its low profitability and the fact that it is a non-industrialised process. 15th International Conference on Postal Automation 1 FRANCE Objective La Poste has started work on a dedicated organisational structure to improve procedures in this part of the mail preparation unit. he target is to qualify and then to deploy the industrial organisation of work upstream of the 11 NEC Facer Cancellers. Functional description Process The main thrust of development for the mechanisation of the mail preparation area equipped with NEC FCs is the following: ? Industrialisation of the mail preparation tasks ? Restructuring of the work area ? Improving the productivity of the work area The functional analysis which we carried out gave the following breakdown of the tasks (Figure 1). Post box mail reception Flats storage  Culling  letter flow stabilisation  Stacking Special letter storage Non-machinable mail storage  Machinable letter storage (when FC stops)  NEC FC Feeding Figure 1 Mail Preparation Breakdown 2 15th International Conference on Postal Automation FRANCE The number of separations to be carried out on the mail, together with the morphological variety of the mail, means that a technical solution capable of coping with all situations would be both complex and expensive. For these reasons it was decided to retain manual culling for its adaptability to the peculiarities of post box mail, and a comfortable seated workstation was designed with particular care to meet this need. Mechanisation has mainly been applied to the function of stacking, and was developed by means of simple technical solutions in order to limit the costs of procurement and maintenance. Technical description ? Floor space required for an APEC with 2 input stations: 5m80 x 4m70 (not including the FC) ? Mains supply: 220Volts / 16 Amperes ? Throughput of one culling station with 8 % of flats (without bulk loading): 14,000 letters / hour ? Throughput of the stacking module: 30,000 letters / hour ? Capacity of stacker upstream of NEC FC: 2m (approximately 1,600 letters) NEC FC Stacking module Stabilising module Tray for special letters Feeding station Culling station Flats reject Figure 2 APEC Machine 15th International Conference on Postal Automation 3 FRANCE APEC project in mail centre The APEC has been installed and operating since November 2002. The hoppers are fed by tipping the contents of the mail collection trays. It was noted that the segregation operatives quickly got used to the device and appreciated the seated work position. The feed control, by means of a foot pedal, allows them to control the mail stream as it is unloaded onto the segregation belt. This is a wide, slow-moving belt, and the operatives have the possibility of stopping it, with a second foot pedal, to avoid any overflow. The mechanised mail is conveyed through the culling station without any action on the part of the operative. Flats are cleared at the front in trays placed on a rolling conveyor. The full trays are pushed by the operative and collected manually in a structure placed at one end of the conveyor. The operative then replaces them with empty trays. A tactile check allows any thick object or object containing morphological peculiarities to be identified. Mechanised mail is tipped onto a belt which receives the mail stream of both segregation input stations. This flow is fed through a small hopper and falls randomly onto a moving inclined belt. The action of this belt stands all the letters on their longer edge. They are then stacked and stored in a 2-meter moving stacker, which offers up the mail to the feeder of the NEC FC. Installation The APEC is easy to install because it supports a variety of configurations. It can therefore be adapted to the layout of the premises and the input stations and the flats output can be positioned to fit in with the existing mail stream. The noise level of the APEC is lower than 68 dBA. It is powered by 240V at 16A and does not require any other power source. Project management La Poste built a prototype (Figure 3) equipped with a single input station. Following the encouraging results of the trials carried out, the equipment was installed in the Nantes sorting centre to qualify the performance of each of the functions in real conditions of operation. The APEC system was tested using real mail items. The project was tendered to several suppliers, and the FIMEC company was chosen to build the first APEC ahead of series production. The device was installed in the Nantes sorting centre, with two input culling stations, in order to validate the design for industrial production. The rest of the equipment will be installed after the validation of the first APEC. 4 15th International Conference on Postal Automation Figure 3 Prototype APEC FRANCE The first trials showed there was a quality deficiency in the creation of the stack. The origin of this defect was identified with the increase of the stream. La Poste and FIMEC have made modifications to achieve the target performance in throughput and in the quality of the stack. These are currently under observation and will be included by FIMEC in their series production. The validation of the correct operational procedure will be carried out at the beginning of June. 15th International Conference on Postal Automation 5 FRANCE Savings We propose to compare the profitability of 2 types of mail preparation area, depending on the proportion of flats and non-machinable letters. We studied the bulk mail flow from post boxes, in which there is no mail neatly stacked in trays, at the entry point of the mail preparation area. 1. APEC device coupled with a Facer-Canceller: The unit cost in series production of one APEC with 2 culling stations is lower than 60,000 euros. 2. Culler-Facer-Canceller machine: The unit cost in series production of the culling section is estimated at 180,000 euros . Number of work stations on the equipment: number of operatives for APEC + FC number of operatives for CFC 2 : segregation stations 1 : bulk mail feeding and feeder module 1 : stackers 2 or 3: rejected mail processing, according to the proportion of flats and non- mechanised mail 1 or 2: bulk mail feeding, according to the proportion of flats and non-mechanised mail 1 :stackers 2 or 3:rejected mail processing, according to the proportion of flats and non-mechanised mail Throughput characteristics: APEC + FC CFC The throughput of the Facer Canceller is 30,000 letters per hour, always higher than the APEC; APEC is the weak link in the system from the point of view of throughput. The throughput of the APEC is up to 25,000 letters per hour. This throughput tends to decrease progressively, depending on the capacity of the culling operatives to eliminate manually the flats and non-mechanised mail as the proportion of these items rises. The throughput of the CFC is up to 30,000 letters per hour. This throughput also decreases progressively, depending on the capacity of the culling section to eliminate automatically the flats and non-mechanised mail as the proportion of these items rises. 6 15th International Conference on Postal Automation FRANCE Mechanised mail throughput 31000 letters per hours 29000 27000 25000 23000 21000 19000 17000 15000  0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Flats and non-mechanised mail proportion  APEC_FC CFC Figure 4 Proportion of Flats and Non-Mechanised Mail - Throughput Profitability The APEC+FC solution is the more profitable when the proportion of flats and non-machinable mail is around an average of 10%. It is actually better because the culling operations are light, so the throughput is quite good. The high cost of an automatic culler is not justified. The choice of automatic culling depends on the proportion of flats and non- machinable mail in the bulk mail flow and is financially justified when: ? either the proportion of non-machinable mail is very low: in this case, the throughput of the CFC is higher, the APEC’s throughput is limited by the simple technology to a maximum of 25,000 letters/hour, ? or the proportion of non-machinable mail is high: in this case, the throughput of the CFC becomes better than the APEC+FC. 15th International Conference on Postal Automation 7 FRANCE Profitability level 4.0 3.5 3.0 year 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 ?  0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Flats and non-mechanised mail proportion  APEC_FC CFC Figure 5 Proportion of Flats and Non-Mechanised Mail – Profitability Conclusion The APEC is a simple device. Manual segregation enables all atypical cases met in the letter-box mail flow to be processed. This solution offers a high degree of flexibility of adaptation to the variations in the mail stream: it is all the more effective since it is placed upstream of any mechanisation. The segregation operatives can rapidly master the skills required and this allows them to be polyvalent in a mail production unit where the tasks are very diversified. The possibility of modifying the configuration of the APEC allows it to be adapted to the various layouts and the organisation of the mail stream at different sites. Modifications can be made so that the flats separated at the segregation station are cancelled on-line. Lastly, the moderate cost of investment and the high performances guarantee the early profitability of the APEC. Glossary APEC: special equipment designed by La Poste to prepare the mail CFC: upstream of a Facer Canceller machine Culler-Facer-Canceller machine FC: Facer-Canceller machine 8 15th International Conference on Postal Automation